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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4

Exercise 2.4
Ques 1: Verify that the numbers given alongside of the cubic polynomials below are their zeroes. Also verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients in each case:
(i) 2x3 + x2 - 5x + 2; NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4

(ii) x3 - 4x2 + 5x - 2; 2, 1, 1
Sol: (i) ∵ p (x) = 2x3 + x2 - 5x + 2

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4

⇒ 1/2 is a zero of p(x).
Again,
p (1) = 2 (1)3 + (1)2 - 5 (1) + 2
= 2 + 1 - 5 + 2
= (2 + 2 + 1) - 5
= 5 - 5 = 0
⇒ 1 is a zero of p (x).
Also p (- 2) = 2 (- 2)3 + (- 2)2 - 5 (- 2) + 2
= 2(- 8) + (4) + 10 + 2
= - 16 + 4 + 10 + 2
= - 16 + 16 = 0
⇒ -2 is a zero of p (x).
Relationship
∵ p(x) = 2x3 + x2 - 5x + 2
∴ Comparing it with ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, we have :
a = 2, b = 1, c = - 5 and d = 2
Also 1/2 , 1 and - 2 are the zeroes of p(x)
Let α = 1/2 , β = 1 and γ = - 2
∴ α + β +γ = NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
Sum of the zeroes = NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
⇒ α + β + γ = -b/a
Sum of product of zeroes taken in pair:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4

Product of zeroes NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
Also NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4

Thus, the relationship between the co-efficients and the zeroes of p (x) is verified.
(ii) Here, p(x) = x3 - 4x2 + 5x - 2
∴ p (2) = (2)3 - 4 (2)2 + 5 (2) - 2
= 8 - 16 + 10 - 2
= 18 - 18 = 0
⇒ 2 is a zero of p(x)
Again p (1) = (1)3 - 4 (1)2 + 5 (1) - 2
= 1 - 4 + 5 - 2
= 6 - 6 = 0
⇒ 1 is a zero of p(x).
∴ 2, 1, 1 are zeroes of p(x).
Now,
Comparing p (x) = x3 - 4 (x2) + 5x - 2 with ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0, we have
a = 1, b = - 4, c = 5 and d = - 2
∵ 2, 1, and 1 are the zeroes of p (x)
∴ Let α = 2
β = 1
γ = 1
Relationship, α + β + γ = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4
Sum of the zeroes = NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
⇒ α + β + γ = (-b/a)
Sum of product of zeroes taken in pair:
αβ + βγ + γα = 2 (1) + 1 (1) + 1 (2)
= 2 + 1 + 2 = 5
and = c/a = 5/1 = 5
⇒ αβ + βγ + γα = c/a
Product of zeroes = αβγ = (2) (1) (1) = 2

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4

Thus, the relationship between the zeroes and the co-efficients of p(x) is verified.

Ques 2: Find the cubic polynomial with the sum, sum of the products of its zeroes taken two at a time and the product of its zeroes as 2, - 7, - 14 respectively.
Sol: Let the required cubic polynomial be ax3 + bx2 + cx + d and its zeroes be a, b and g.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
Since,
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
If a = 1, then -b/a = 2 ⇒ b = - 2
c/a = - 7 ⇒ c = - 7
-d/a = - 14 ⇒ d = 14
∴ The required cubic polynomial
= 1x3 + (-2) x2 + (-7) x + 14
= x3 - 2x2 - 7x + 14

Ques 3: If the zeroes of the polynomial x3 - 3x2 + x + 1 are a - b, a and a + b then find ‘a’ and ‘b’.
Sol: We have
p (x) = x3 - 3x+ x + 1
comparing it with Ax3 + Bx2 + Cx + D.
We have
A = 1, B = - 3, C = 1 and D = 1
∵ It is given that (a - b), a and (a + b) are the zeroes of the polynomial.
∴ Let, α = (a - b)
β = a
and γ = (a + b)
∴ α + β + γ = NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
⇒ (a - b) + a + (a + b) = 3
⇒ 3a = 3
⇒ a = 3/3 = 1
Again, αβγ = -D/A = -1
⇒ (a - b) × a × (a + b) = - 1
⇒ (1 - b) × 1 × (1 + b) = - 1 [∵ a = 1, proved above]
⇒ 1 - b2 = - 1
⇒ b2 = 1 + 1 = 2
⇒ b =NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4 √2
Thus, a = 1 and b = NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4.√2

Ques 4: If two zeroes of the polynomial x4 - 6x3 - 26x2 + 138x - 35 are 2NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4 3, find other zeroes.
Sol: Here, p(x) = x4 - 6x3 - 26x2 + 138x - 35.
∵ Two of the zeroes of p (x) are : NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
or (x - 2)2 - (√3)2
or (x2 + 4 - 4x) - 3
or x2 - 4x + 1 is a factor of p(x).
Now, dividing p (x) by x2 - 4x + 1, we have :
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
∴ (x- 4x + 1) (x2 - 2x - 35) = p (x)
⇒ (x2 - 4x + 1) (x - 7) (x + 5) = p (x)
i.e., (x - 7) and (x + 5) are other factors of p(x).
∴ 7 and - 5 are other zeroes of the given polynomial.

Ques 5: If the polynomial x4 - 6x3 + 16x2 - 25x + 10 is divided by another polynomial x2 - 2x + k, the remainder comes out to be (x + α), find k and α.
Sol: Applying the division algorithm to the polynomials x4 - 6x3 + 16x2 - 25x + 10 and
x2 - 2x + k, we have:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4
∴ Remainder = (2k - 9) x - k (8 - k) + 10
But the remainder = x + α
Therefore, comparing them, we have :
2k - 9 = 1
⇒ 2k = 1 + 9 = 10
⇒ k = 10/2 = 5
and
α = - k (8 - k) + 10
= - 5 (8 - 5) + 10
= - 5 (3) + 10
= - 15 + 10
= - 5
Thus, k = 5 and α = - 5

The document NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4 is a part of the Class 10 Course International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO) for Class 10.
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FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths - Polynomials Exercise 2.4

1. What are polynomials?
Ans. Polynomials are algebraic expressions that consist of variables, coefficients, and exponents. They are made up of terms, which are separated by addition or subtraction operators. The highest exponent in a polynomial determines its degree.
2. How can we classify polynomials based on their degrees?
Ans. Polynomials can be classified as constant (degree 0), linear (degree 1), quadratic (degree 2), cubic (degree 3), quartic (degree 4), and so on. The degree of a polynomial is determined by the highest exponent of the variable.
3. What is the Remainder Theorem?
Ans. The Remainder Theorem states that if a polynomial P(x) is divided by a linear polynomial (x - a), then the remainder obtained is equal to P(a). In other words, if we substitute the value of 'a' into the polynomial, the remainder will be the same as the result obtained by dividing the polynomial by (x - a).
4. How can we find the zeroes of a polynomial?
Ans. The zeroes of a polynomial are the values of 'x' for which the polynomial becomes zero. We can find the zeroes by equating the polynomial to zero and solving the equation. This can be done by factorizing the polynomial or by using methods like the Remainder Factor Theorem or the synthetic division method.
5. What is the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra?
Ans. The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra states that every polynomial equation of degree 'n' has exactly 'n' complex roots, considering multiple roots as separate roots. This theorem guarantees that any polynomial equation can be solved, either exactly or approximately, by finding its roots.
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