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Flashcard: Chemical Coordination and Integration 82 Flashcards 
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The endocrine system is primarily responsible for ___ and ___ in the body. |
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Chemical coordination and integration
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True or False: Hormones are nutrient chemicals produced by endocrine glands. |
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False; hormones are non-nutrient chemicals.
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Fill in the blank: The hypothalamus produces hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of ___ hormones. |
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Pituitary
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What are the two types of hormones produced by the hypothalamus? |
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Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones.
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The pituitary gland is divided into the ____________ and _________________ |
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adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
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The main hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that regulates growth is called ___ . |
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Growth hormone (GH) |
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Fill in the blank: The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones synthesized in the ___ . |
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Hypothalamus |
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What hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth? |
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Oxytocin |
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True or False: The pineal gland primarily secretes the hormone adrenaline. |
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False; the pineal gland secretes melatonin. |
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The thyroid gland is crucial for regulating ___ metabolism. |
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Basal metabolic rate |
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Fill in the blank: Hypothyroidism during pregnancy can lead to ___ in the developing baby. |
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Cretinism |
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What hormone does the parathyroid gland secrete to regulate calcium levels in the blood? |
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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True or False: The thymus gland is primarily involved in the regulation of metabolism. |
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False; the thymus gland is involved in the development of the immune system. |
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Fill in the blank: The adrenal cortex secretes hormones known as ___ . |
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Corticoids |
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What is the primary glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex? |
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Cortisol |
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True or False: Insulin increases blood glucose levels. |
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False; insulin decreases blood glucose levels. |
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Fill in the blank: The pancreas contains clusters of cells known as ___ that produce hormones. |
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Islets of Langerhans |
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What hormone secreted by the heart helps to lower blood pressure? |
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Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) |
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True or False: The action of hormones is mediated through specific receptors found in target tissues. |
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True |
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What type of hormones typically generate second messengers to exert their effects? |
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Peptide and protein hormones |
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Fill in the blank: The hormone that stimulates red blood cell formation in the kidneys is called ___ . |
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Erythropoietin |
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What is the main function of aldosterone in the body? |
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To regulate sodium and potassium balance and maintain blood pressure. |
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True or False: Estrogen and progesterone are hormones produced by the testis. |
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False; they are produced by the ovaries. |
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Fill in the blank: The hormone responsible for milk ejection during breastfeeding is ___ . |
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Oxytocin |
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What hormone produced by the thyroid gland regulates calcium levels? |
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Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) |
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True or False: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by low levels of thyroid hormones. |
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False; hyperthyroidism is characterized by high levels of thyroid hormones. |
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Fill in the blank: The adrenal medulla secretes hormones called ___ . |
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Catecholamines |
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What role do androgens play in male physiology? |
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They regulate the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. |
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True or False: Hormones can only be produced by specialized endocrine glands. |
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False; hormones can also be produced by other tissues and organs. |
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Fill in the blank: The primary function of glucagon is to increase ___ levels in the blood. |
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Glucose |
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What is the function of thymosins secreted by the thymus gland? |
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They are involved in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes for immune response. |
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True or False: The hypothalamus is part of the hindbrain. |
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False; the hypothalamus is part of the forebrain. |
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Fill in the blank: The primary function of the gastrointestinal hormones is to regulate ___ processes. |
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Digestive |
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What condition results from prolonged hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency? |
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Diabetes mellitus |
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True or False: The secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex is regulated by ACTH. |
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True |
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Fill in the blank: The hormone that stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is ___ . |
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Gastrin |
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What hormone is secreted by the ovaries to support pregnancy? |
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Progesterone |
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What is the role of hormone receptors in hormone action? |
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Hormone receptors bind to specific hormones in target tissues to produce their effects. |
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What are the two types of hormone receptors based on their location? |
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The two types are membrane-bound receptors (on the cell membrane) and intracellular receptors (inside the cell, mostly nuclear). |
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How do hormones interacting with membrane-bound receptors regulate cellular metabolism? |
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They generate second messengers (e.g., cyclic AMP, IP3, Ca++) that regulate cellular metabolism. |
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True or False: The action of steroid hormones generally involves direct interaction with DNA. |
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Card: 82 / 82
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True |
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 Completed! Keep practicing to master all of them. |
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