The ruling class, Kshatriyas, reacted against Brahmanical dominance due to their feelings of ___ and the encroachment on their authority.

Disempowerment

True or False: The tensions between Shudras, Vaishyas, and higher Varnas were primarily due to the rigid Varna system that limited opportunities for the lower Varnas.

True

True or False: The practice of cattle sacrifice was beneficial for the new agricultural economy as it increased cattle wealth.

False. The practice of cattle sacrifice caused erosion of cattle wealth, which was essential for the new agricultural economy.

Fill in the blank: Vaishyas sought to improve their social position within the Varna system by engaging in ___ and trade.

Commerce

What role did traders play in the support of Jainism and Buddhism during the economic expansion?

Traders supported Jainism and Buddhism as they sought alternative spiritual paths that aligned with their social aspirations.

How did the rise in social inequality and accumulation of wealth influence the appeal of Jainism and Buddhism?

It led individuals who were displeased with these changes to seek a return to a simpler spiritual path, which Jainism and Buddhism offered.

Mahavira is known as the ___ in Jainism, signifying his status as a spiritual teacher who guides followers to attain salvation.

24th Tirthankar

True or False: Mahavira attained Kaivalya at the age of 35.

False. Mahavira attained Kaivalya at the age of 42.

Fill in the blank: Mahavira's teachings were primarily associated with regions such as Kosala, Magadha, ___, and Champa.

Mithila

True or False: The term 'Mahavira' translates to 'the great hero', reflecting his spiritual conquest.

True

Fill in the blank: Mahavira wandered for ___ years in search of truth and enlightenment.

12

What does the title 'Jina' signify in the context of Mahavira's teachings?

The title 'Jina' signifies Mahavira as the conqueror of self and worldly attachments.

Ahimsa is considered the central principle of Jainism, promoting ___ towards all living beings.

Non-violence

True or False: In Jainism, the principle of asteya allows for the acquisition of property as long as it's done honestly.

False. Asteya prohibits stealing or dishonest acquisition of others' belongings.

The practice of aparigraha in Jainism advocates for ___ from material possessions.

Detachment

What are the two sects in Jainism that differ based on the practice of discarding clothes?

Digambar and Shvetambar

Fill in the blank: The principle of Brahmacharya emphasizes ___ and self-restraint in personal conduct.

Chastity

True or False: Jains are encouraged to accumulate wealth as part of their spiritual pursuits.

False. Jainism promotes minimalism and detachment from worldly possessions.

What is the significance of truth (Satya) in Jain doctrine?

Truthfulness is considered a fundamental virtue, and Jains adhere to honesty in thought, speech, and action.

Jainism places gods below whom in significance?

Jina