The decline of the Mughal Empire is often attributed to the reign of ___ due to his misguided policies.

Aurangzeb

True or False: Muhammad Shah was successful in reviving the fortunes of the Mughal Empire during his reign.

False; he was unable to revive the imperial fortunes.

What major events contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire in the first half of the eighteenth century?

Wars of succession and the rule of incompetent and weak monarchs.

Fill in the blank: The reign of Muhammad Shah lasted for ___ years from 1719 to 1748.

29

Nadir Shah's invasion of India occurred in which years?

1738-1739

Ahmad Shah Abdali's invasions of India spanned from ___ to ___.

1748 to 1767

What significant treasure was taken by Nadir Shah during his invasion?

The Peacock Throne and the Kohinoor diamond were among the treasures taken.

True or False: The Mughals ceded Punjab to Ahmad Shah Abdali in an attempt to buy peace.

True

What was the outcome of the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761?

Abdali defeated the Marathas.

Fill in the blank: Approximately ___ crore rupees were collected from the official treasury during Nadir Shah's invasion.

Seventy

Bahadur Shah I adopted a peaceful policy with which three groups?

Marathas, Rajputs, and Jats.

The policy of abolishing Jaziya and pilgrimage tax was implemented by which Mughal emperor?

Farrukhsiyar.

True or False: Rafi-ud-Darajat ruled for a long duration in Mughal history.

False. Rafi-ud-Darajat ruled for the shortest period in Mughal history.

In which year did Nadir Shah defeat the Mughals in the Battle of Karnal?

1739.

Shah Alam II was taken under the protection of the East India Company after which treaty?

Treaty of Allahabad.

What significant right did the Farman issued by Shah Alam II grant to the East India Company?

The Diwani, which is the right to collect revenue of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.

During which emperor's reign was the Battle of Plassey fought?

Alamgir II.

True or False: The zamindars were primarily responsible for military conquests during the Mughal Empire.

False. The zamindars were hereditary landowners who helped in the collection of revenue and local administration.

The Jagirdari Crisis during the Mughal Empire was characterized by divisiveness among the nobility based on ___ and ___.

Religion and tribe

What were the successor states that emerged after the decline of the Mughal Empire?

Awadh, Bengal, and Hyderabad