Flashcards for JEE Chemistry - Biomolecules Class 11

 Page 1


Biomolecules
Flash cards
Page 2


Biomolecules
Flash cards
Carbohydrates
1. Carbohydrates are mainly compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
2. General molecular formula initially considered was C
x
(H
2
O)
y
e.g., glucose – C
6
H
12
O
6
, sucrose C
12
H
22
O
11
etc.
But many of the compounds which behave as carbohydrates, do not follow the 
general molecular formula C
x
(H
2
O)
y
formula.
3. Thus carbohydrates are the class of compounds that include polyhydroxy 
aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones.
4. Carbohydrates are also known as saccharides.
Page 3


Biomolecules
Flash cards
Carbohydrates
1. Carbohydrates are mainly compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
2. General molecular formula initially considered was C
x
(H
2
O)
y
e.g., glucose – C
6
H
12
O
6
, sucrose C
12
H
22
O
11
etc.
But many of the compounds which behave as carbohydrates, do not follow the 
general molecular formula C
x
(H
2
O)
y
formula.
3. Thus carbohydrates are the class of compounds that include polyhydroxy 
aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones.
4. Carbohydrates are also known as saccharides.
Classification
The carbohydrates are classified into three major classes
(i) Monosaccharides
(ii) Oligosaccharides
(iii) Polysaccharides
Page 4


Biomolecules
Flash cards
Carbohydrates
1. Carbohydrates are mainly compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
2. General molecular formula initially considered was C
x
(H
2
O)
y
e.g., glucose – C
6
H
12
O
6
, sucrose C
12
H
22
O
11
etc.
But many of the compounds which behave as carbohydrates, do not follow the 
general molecular formula C
x
(H
2
O)
y
formula.
3. Thus carbohydrates are the class of compounds that include polyhydroxy 
aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones.
4. Carbohydrates are also known as saccharides.
Classification
The carbohydrates are classified into three major classes
(i) Monosaccharides
(ii) Oligosaccharides
(iii) Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
(i) Monosaccharides are simple sugars with single unit of polyhydroxy aldehyde or
polyhydroxy ketones.
(ii) General molecular formula C
n
H
2n
O
n
(with some exceptions).
Page 5


Biomolecules
Flash cards
Carbohydrates
1. Carbohydrates are mainly compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
2. General molecular formula initially considered was C
x
(H
2
O)
y
e.g., glucose – C
6
H
12
O
6
, sucrose C
12
H
22
O
11
etc.
But many of the compounds which behave as carbohydrates, do not follow the 
general molecular formula C
x
(H
2
O)
y
formula.
3. Thus carbohydrates are the class of compounds that include polyhydroxy 
aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones.
4. Carbohydrates are also known as saccharides.
Classification
The carbohydrates are classified into three major classes
(i) Monosaccharides
(ii) Oligosaccharides
(iii) Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
(i) Monosaccharides are simple sugars with single unit of polyhydroxy aldehyde or
polyhydroxy ketones.
(ii) General molecular formula C
n
H
2n
O
n
(with some exceptions).
Oligosaccharides
(i) Oligosaccharides are made up of 2-9 units of monosaccharides or simple sugars.
(ii) Oligosaccharides with two, three and four monosaccharides respectively known 
as disaccharides, and trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides.
(iii) Sucrose is the example of this class.