Flashcards for JEE Chemistry - Chemistry in Everyday Life Class 12

 Page 1


Chemistry in everyday life
Flash cards
Page 2


Chemistry in everyday life
Flash cards
Chemicals in medicines
Chemical substances used for treatment of disease and for 
reducing the suffering from pain are called medicines or drugs. 
Chemotherapy is the science in which chemicals are used for 
the treatment of diseases.
Chemicals used in chemotherapy are frequently classified 
according to their action. Thus analgesics relieve pain, 
antipyretics reduce temperature, anti-inflammatories control 
inflammation and antibiotics kill bacteria and other micro-
organisms.
Page 3


Chemistry in everyday life
Flash cards
Chemicals in medicines
Chemical substances used for treatment of disease and for 
reducing the suffering from pain are called medicines or drugs. 
Chemotherapy is the science in which chemicals are used for 
the treatment of diseases.
Chemicals used in chemotherapy are frequently classified 
according to their action. Thus analgesics relieve pain, 
antipyretics reduce temperature, anti-inflammatories control 
inflammation and antibiotics kill bacteria and other micro-
organisms.
Antipyretics
Antipyretics are substances used to bring down body 
temperature in high fever. e.g. Aspirin, Phenacetin and 
Paracetamol.
Aspirin is a common antipyretic. It should not be taken 
empty-stomach as it generates salicylic acid which may 
ulcerate stomach wall and can cause bleeding. Calcium and 
sodium salts of aspirin are more soluble and less harmful.
Page 4


Chemistry in everyday life
Flash cards
Chemicals in medicines
Chemical substances used for treatment of disease and for 
reducing the suffering from pain are called medicines or drugs. 
Chemotherapy is the science in which chemicals are used for 
the treatment of diseases.
Chemicals used in chemotherapy are frequently classified 
according to their action. Thus analgesics relieve pain, 
antipyretics reduce temperature, anti-inflammatories control 
inflammation and antibiotics kill bacteria and other micro-
organisms.
Antipyretics
Antipyretics are substances used to bring down body 
temperature in high fever. e.g. Aspirin, Phenacetin and 
Paracetamol.
Aspirin is a common antipyretic. It should not be taken 
empty-stomach as it generates salicylic acid which may 
ulcerate stomach wall and can cause bleeding. Calcium and 
sodium salts of aspirin are more soluble and less harmful.
Analgesics
These are drugs used for relieving pain. Aspirin and some 
other antipyretics act as analgesics also. Certain narcotics 
(which produce sleep and unconsciousness) are also used as 
analgesics. Examples of narcotics are morphine, marijuana, 
codeine, pethidine and heroin. They are known to be habit-
forming.
Page 5


Chemistry in everyday life
Flash cards
Chemicals in medicines
Chemical substances used for treatment of disease and for 
reducing the suffering from pain are called medicines or drugs. 
Chemotherapy is the science in which chemicals are used for 
the treatment of diseases.
Chemicals used in chemotherapy are frequently classified 
according to their action. Thus analgesics relieve pain, 
antipyretics reduce temperature, anti-inflammatories control 
inflammation and antibiotics kill bacteria and other micro-
organisms.
Antipyretics
Antipyretics are substances used to bring down body 
temperature in high fever. e.g. Aspirin, Phenacetin and 
Paracetamol.
Aspirin is a common antipyretic. It should not be taken 
empty-stomach as it generates salicylic acid which may 
ulcerate stomach wall and can cause bleeding. Calcium and 
sodium salts of aspirin are more soluble and less harmful.
Analgesics
These are drugs used for relieving pain. Aspirin and some 
other antipyretics act as analgesics also. Certain narcotics 
(which produce sleep and unconsciousness) are also used as 
analgesics. Examples of narcotics are morphine, marijuana, 
codeine, pethidine and heroin. They are known to be habit-
forming.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by micro-organisms 
(bacteria, fungi and moulds) that can inhibit the growth or even destroy 
other micro-organisms. Penicillin is used against large number of 
infections caused by various bacteria. It is an effective drug for 
pneumonia, bronchitis, sore throat and abscesses. Other antibiotics like 
streptomycin and tetracycline are used against diseases caused by 
bacteria. Some antibiotics are specific for certain diseases, for example, 
streptomycin for tuberculosis and
chloramphenicol for typhoid. Broad spectrum antibiotics are medicines 
effective against several different types of harmful micro-organisms,e.g., 
tetracycline, chloramphenicol. Penicillin has a narrow spectrum. 
Ampicillin and amoxicillin are derivatives of penicillin.
Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic. It is rapidly absorbed 
from the gastro-intestinal tract and hence can be given orally in case of 
typhoid, dysentry, acute fever, certain form of urinary infections, 
meningitis and pneumonia.
Sulpha drugs like sulphanilamide, sulphadiazine and sulphaguanidine act 
against micro-organisms like antibiotics and have been used in place of 
them.