Fungi : Nutrition Video Lecture - NEET

hello friends this video on biological
classification part 15 is brought to you
by enzyme feel calm no more fear from
exam so let us now talk about the
nutrition as I said in one of the
previous slides that the nutrition of
fungi is heterotrophic that is they
always depend on other organisms for
them they do not prepare their own food
so now let us see how do how exactly do
they depend on others for their
nutrition they are heterotrophic some
are Sam prophytes
that has they feed on dead anti compost
matter as we all know Saruman's rotten
fish means plants so feeding on dead
plants or animals they are called
sacrifice so fungi are sacrifice that
you would have seen it for yourself in
whenever something rotten its you will
see these kind of structures of fungi
there because they love these kind of
nutrition examples of fungi which are
sacrifice would be east mushroom you
generally see such things on dead or
decaying objects however they can also
be parasitic so some fungi can also be
parasitic that is they can depend on
other living plants or animals and
obtain their nutrition from them but at
the same time they can also cause
disease because they are going to stay
inside the body of another plant or
animal in fact parasitic fungi are a
main cause of diseases in plants for
example here you can see in the picture
you see this fungus beach strawberry
which causes cancerous goals on beach
trees so on these trees you see these
cancerous goals these are caused by them
fungus called beach strawberry similarly
if you look at this sheep you see it has
got facial eczema you see some fungus
neck structure this is facial eczema and
it is caused by a fungus P Thomas
charter rum so different eye
there are fungi with different types of
nutrition so these fungi are parasitic
in nature they live inside the body of
another plant like the beech tree or
animal like the cattle or sheep here and
then they obtain their nutrition from
these organisms and in turn can also
cause diseases in them so that is
another mode of nutrition some fungi can
also exist in symbiotic relationship
with other organisms now what is this
symbiotic relationship so when I say
symbiotic relationship which means a
relationship in which both the organisms
are benefitted from each other so fungi
exists in a symbiotic relationship with
other organisms like algae and that
symbiotic relationship is known as
lichen so we will talk about that a
little later so we see that fungi can be
intro trophic in terms of feeding on
dead matter being sacrifice so the
examples are mushroom and East it can be
parasitic you can see the examples here
or it can exist in a symbiotic
relationship and the example would be
lichen okay so with this let us now talk
about symbiosis just now I told write it
can exist in symbiotic relationship
where both the organisms get benefits
from each other let us talk about
symbiosis in little more detail so what
kind of relationship am i talking about
an association between two or more
species where one or both are mutually
benefitted so let us look at this
example which is shown on the screen
where you see a honeybee is sitting on a
flower so who do you think in this
association who do you think gets
benefitted well in this case both of
them gets equally benefited that's
because the honey bee gets nectar from
the flowers and that is why it is here
at the same time
the honeybee helps in pollination for
the flowers so the flower is also
getting benefited so both of them are
dependent or they are not dependent but
they get benefit from each other and
this kind of Association we're not
necessarily both should get benefitted
maybe one of them get benefited or both
and get benefited this kind of
Association is known as symbiosis so let
us look at the various symbiotic
relationships so even under scim biases
there are many different types of
symbiotic relationships they are given
different names depending upon whether
one organism gets benefited or both gets
benefitted or how it is so let us look
at the different relationship the first
is obligate relationship what does
obligate the word obligation what does
it mean obligation means something
related to compulsion right we often use
this now in our day to day life that
term this job is an obligation - that
means it is a kind of constraint to me
so if this relationship means organisms
completely depend on each other for
their survival so they need that
organism without that organism they
cannot survive for example if you if you
take an example let us suppose I give
you an example if I say that let us
suppose if you love pizza but does that
mean that you cannot survive without
pizza no right if you get it you are
happy but even if you don't get it you
are ok with it you can survive with many
other food materials but if I say that
you can't survive without food then that
is true because you completely depend on
food for your survival so if you stop
eating it is difficult to survive right
so obligate relationship means organisms
completely depend on each other for
their survival they just can't do
without each other
there is another relationship called
facultative relationships so this is
exact
the opposite of obligate relationship
facultative means they are not dependent
on each other for survival however if
they are together they can get benefits
from each other but it is not that if
they are not together they will not be
able to survive then we have extra
symbiosis ecto the word h2 means outside
so ex to--some biases means one organism
lives on the other so one organism will
live on the other organism there is
another one called endo some biases the
term endo means inside so here one
organism lives inside the other organism
for example one best example for
endosymbiosis would be I was telling you
right that your organisms like bacteria
sometimes live inside our body so that
is an example of induce and biases
because one organism that is bacteria is
living inside the other organism that is
human beings clear so these are the four
types of symbiotic relationships so now
let us look at some examples to
understand these terms even better so
here we have some examples so the first
example is of the Buffalo and the crow
so what kind of relationship is this so
do you think that the Buffalo cannot
live without the first of all what does
the crow does when it sits on the back
of the Buffalo now on the body
Buffalo Buffalo's are generally known
for being dirty so on the body of
Buffalo there are small insects which
are present there insects and ants some
small creatures are always present there
now whenever the crew sets on the
Buffalo it starts eating up those
insects so it helps the Buffalo in
getting rid of those insects so the
Buffalo is benefited what happens to the
crow the crow gets benefited because it
is getting
something to eat so the crow is also
getting benefited so this is a symbiotic
relationship where both are getting
benefited from each other now if I ask
you what kind of symbiotic relationship
is this do you think that the Buffalo
cannot survive without the crow no right
the Buffalo can still survive without
the crow because even if this it is just
that it'll survive with all those and
sales and ads that's it but it is it is
not directly dependent on the crow for
its survival but if the crow is there it
gets some benefits so that means it is a
facultative relationship so this is a
facultative symbiotic relationship the
next example is of the flowering plants
and the honeybees here if you see the
honeybees get their nutrition from
flowers that is the nectar do you think
that but the honeybees have a second
source of obtaining its food No so the
honeybees are completely dependent on
flowers for nectar now what about the
flowers the flowers are also dependent
on the honeybees for the process of
pollination so we can say that this is
an obligate the relationship the
relationship between human beings and
their domesticated animals so what do
these domesticated animals do they do as
their master says so they help the
Masters and what happens to the human
beings so the human beings also get a
help when there is domesticated animals
are there but do you think that they
cannot survive without each other no it
is not like that right so it is not an
obligate relationship even if you take
the example of life's present on the
hair you do know right waters lice even
if it is present in your hair
it keeps sucking blood from the skin so
the lines get
benefited but what about the human
beings our blood is going out right so
what kind of symbiosis is this the one
organism lives on the other organism so
this is an example of Actos and biases
again the microorganisms like bacteria
being present inside the human body so
they get nutrients from the body they
can cause harm to the human they cannot
cause harm to the human that again
depends but this is an example of
endosymbiosis that is one organism
living inside and other organism then
you have the most popular example of
symbiosis that is like in which is a
symbiotic relationship between algae and
fun life so here you can see this green
colored structures are the algae and the
yellow colored structures represent the
fungi so they are again both dependent
on each other and they cannot live on
their own so this is an obligate
relationship so this is an example of
obligate relationship this is an example
of ektu symbiosis this is an example of
endo symbiosis so these are some of the
examples of different symbiotic
relationships so let us now talk about
lichen as I said it is a symbiotic
relationship between fungi and
blue-green algae so how is it a
symbiotic relationship I mean how are
each of them getting benefitted what is
the benefit of fungi and what is the
benefit of the blue-green algae so let
us have a look at that so here as we are
the blue-green algae so what a
blue-green algae they are the
cyanobacteria
so they have chlorophyll and they can
prepare their own food by photosynthesis
so these are you can perform
photosynthesis so it can prepare food so
the fungi can get their food from the
algae so the algae is like a cook so I
began prepare food and the fungi can get
its food from algae so that is how the
fungi gets benefited what about the
algae now the fungi gives protection and
shelter to the Aggies Randy gets a place
to live the fungi also protects the
algae from any other external issues so
the fungi also the algae also gets
benefitted so one prepares food for the
other and the other gives shelter and
protection to them Foreman so if you
omit how do the lichens actually look
like if you look at this big picture it
is seen as green or colored patches at
the back of trees so the algae provides
food and give it to the fungi and in
turn the fungi protects the algae during
the hot Sun so that it does not dry out
it shades them from sunlight by
enclosing it within their body now one
more thing to be noted here is that one
fungus can form lichen with a variety of
algal species I mean it is not necessary
that only one fungi can form and like
form the lichen with only one type of
algal species because even in an
blue-green algae there will be so many
types of species right so they can form
a like length with a variety of algal
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