Hip Joint | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC PDF Download

Articular Surfaces

• Head of femur 
• Acetabulum 
• Ball and Socket type joint

Ligaments

(a) Frontal section through the right hip joint

(b) Anterior view of right hip joint, capsule in place

(c) Posterior view of right hip joint, capsule in place

Neurovascular Supply

Relations

Anterior

• Pectineus lateral fibers
• Iliopsoas tendon
• Rectus femoris, straight head
• Femoral vein
• Femoral artery
• Femoral nerve

Posterior

• Obturator externus tendon, concealed by Quadratus femoris
• Obturator internus and gemelli
• Piriformis
• Sciatic nerve
• Gluteus maximus

Superior

• Rectus femoris, reflected head, concealed by minimus, medius, and partially by maximus

Inferior

• Pectineus lateral fibers and obturator externus
• Gracilis
• Adductors longus, brevis, magnus, and hamstring muscles

Congenital Hip Dislocation:

• More prevalent in the hip than in any other joint
• Arises from a developmental deficiency in the upper margin of the acetabulum, causing the femur head to move upward onto the gluteal surface of the ilium

Traumatic Dislocations:

• Three types: posterior (more frequent), anterior, or central
• Posterior hip dislocation can lead to sciatic nerve injury

Fractures:

• Fractures of the femoral neck are common in older individuals due to minor injuries. Damage to retinacular arteries results in avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
• Trochanteric fractures commonly occur in robust, adult individuals and are typically the outcome of severe and violent injuries.

Hip diseases show an interesting age patter

Hip joint-Repeats

• Describe the hip joint under the following headings: ligaments, relations, movements, applied anatomy (1997) Describe the hip joint under the following headings: (2016)
  i. Classification
  ii. Movements
  iii. Blood supply
  iv. Ligaments
• Describe HIP joint under the following headings: (2018)
  i. Articular surface and Types
  ii. Ligaments
  iii. Relations
  iv. Blood supply and Nerve supply
  v. Movement