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Homologous & Heterologous Chromosomes, Allele Video Lecture - NEET

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1. What are homologous chromosomes?

Ans. Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes that have the same genes at the same loci but may have different alleles. They are similar in size, shape, and gene arrangement and are inherited from each parent. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and undergo genetic recombination, contributing to genetic diversity.

2. What are heterologous chromosomes?

Ans. Heterologous chromosomes, also known as non-homologous chromosomes, are chromosomes that do not have the same genes at the same loci. They may differ in size, shape, and gene arrangement. Unlike homologous chromosomes, heterologous chromosomes are not involved in genetic recombination during meiosis.

3. What is an allele?

Ans. An allele is one of the possible versions or forms of a particular gene. Genes exist in pairs on homologous chromosomes, and each member of the pair may have different alleles. For example, the gene for eye color may have alleles for blue, brown, or green eyes. Alleles determine the variations and traits observed in individuals.

4. How do homologous chromosomes contribute to genetic diversity?

Ans. Homologous chromosomes play a crucial role in genetic diversity through a process called genetic recombination or crossing over. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material, resulting in the mixing of alleles between the chromosomes. This process creates new combinations of genes, leading to genetic variation among offspring.

5. Can heterologous chromosomes undergo genetic recombination?

Ans. No, heterologous chromosomes do not undergo genetic recombination. Unlike homologous chromosomes that have similar gene sequences and can exchange genetic material, heterologous chromosomes have different genes at the same loci. Therefore, the process of genetic recombination does not occur between heterologous chromosomes.

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