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TYPES OF BONDS
1. Ionic Bond
2. Covalent Bond
3. Co-ordinate Bond
4. Hydrogen Bond
Ionic Bond
An ionic bond is formed by complete transfer of one or more electrons from the valency shell of one atom to the
valency shell of another atom. In this way both the atoms acquire the stable electronic configurations of the noble
gases. The atom losing the electrons becomes a positive ion and the atom which gains electron becomes
negative ion.
FAJAN’S RULE
Covalent character in ionic bonds
When oppositely charged ions approach each other, there is not only the attraction between the positively
charged cation and the negatively charged anion but also simultaneous repulsion between their nuclei. Thus
there is distortion, or deformation or polarization of anions. The electronic charge of anion does not remain
spherical but gets distorted.
+
–
No polarization
                      
+ –
Polarization of anion
(1) Polarizing power of cation increases with
(i) High charge on cation
(ii) Small size of cation
(iii) Pseudo (18) electronic configuration in outermost shell of cation
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FAQs on Quick Revision: Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure - Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

1. What is chemical bonding?
Ans. Chemical bonding refers to the process by which atoms are held together to form molecules or compounds. It involves the sharing, transferring, or redistribution of electrons between atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration.
2. What are the types of chemical bonds?
Ans. There are three main types of chemical bonds: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. Ionic bonds occur when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions. Covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared between atoms, creating a strong bond. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where the valence electrons are shared among a lattice of metal atoms.
3. How does electronegativity influence chemical bonding?
Ans. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. It plays a crucial role in determining the type of chemical bond that forms between atoms. If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is large, an ionic bond is formed. If the electronegativity difference is small, a covalent bond is formed. The greater the electronegativity difference, the more polar the bond.
4. What is a Lewis structure and how is it used to determine molecular structure?
Ans. A Lewis structure is a simplified representation of the valence electrons in a molecule or ion. It uses dots to represent the valence electrons around each atom. By counting the total number of valence electrons and arranging them in the Lewis structure, we can determine the molecular structure. The Lewis structure helps in understanding the connectivity of atoms and the distribution of electrons, which in turn determines the shape and properties of the molecule.
5. How does molecular polarity affect chemical properties?
Ans. Molecular polarity refers to the uneven distribution of electron density in a molecule, resulting in a separation of charge. Polar molecules have a positive and negative end, while nonpolar molecules have an even distribution of charge. Molecular polarity affects various chemical properties, including solubility, boiling point, and intermolecular forces. For example, polar molecules tend to dissolve in polar solvents, while nonpolar molecules dissolve in nonpolar solvents. Additionally, polar molecules exhibit stronger intermolecular forces, leading to higher boiling points compared to nonpolar molecules.
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