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1. What is mineral nutrition?
Ans. Mineral nutrition refers to the process by which plants absorb essential minerals from the soil and utilize them for growth and development. These minerals include macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as micronutrients like iron, zinc, and manganese.
2. How do plants obtain minerals for their nutrition?
Ans. Plants obtain minerals for their nutrition through their root systems. The roots have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the surface area for absorption. The minerals are absorbed in the form of ions dissolved in water, which enter the root hairs through active transport or passive diffusion.
3. What are the functions of macronutrients in plant mineral nutrition?
Ans. Macronutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, play crucial roles in plant mineral nutrition. Nitrogen is essential for the synthesis of proteins, enzymes, and chlorophyll. Phosphorus is involved in energy transfer and the formation of DNA and cell membranes. Potassium helps in water regulation, enzyme activation, and overall plant growth.
4. Why are micronutrients important for plant mineral nutrition?
Ans. Micronutrients are important for plant mineral nutrition because they are required in smaller quantities but are still essential for various physiological processes. Iron, for example, is necessary for chlorophyll synthesis, while zinc is involved in enzyme activation and hormone regulation. Lack of micronutrients can lead to nutrient deficiencies and negatively impact plant growth.
5. What are the factors that can affect plant mineral nutrition?
Ans. Several factors can affect plant mineral nutrition. Soil pH can influence the availability of minerals, as some may become less soluble under acidic or alkaline conditions. Soil texture also plays a role, as clay soils tend to retain minerals more than sandy soils. Additionally, excessive levels of certain minerals or the presence of pollutants can hinder nutrient uptake by plants.
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