Indian National Movement- Solved Questions - 1 | UPSC Topic Wise Previous Year Questions PDF Download

Question 1:
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following? [2020-I] 
1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference 
2. Withdrawal of Ordinances promulgated in connection with the Civil Disobedience Movement 
3. Acceptance of Gandhi’s suggestion for inquiry into police excesses 
4. Release of only those prisoners who were not charged with violence 
Select the correct answer using the code given below 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 1, 2, and 4 only 
(c) 3 only 
(d) 2, 3, and 4 only

Correct Answer is Option (b)

• Gandhi-Irwin Pact- 5th March 1931- Also known as Delhi Pact 
• The outcome of the Congress starting the Civil Disobedience Movement 
• Solution by Viceroy Irwin- proposed congress to suspend civil disobedience movement and participate in the second meeting of the round table conference 
• Gandhiji also demanded the release of political prisoners not convicted of violence from jails and other demands of withdrawal of ordinances 
• Inquiry into the police excess was not part of the Gandhi- Irwin Pact.

Question 2:
With reference to the book “Desher Katha” written by Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar during the freedom struggle, consider the following statements : [2020-I]
1. It warned against the Colonial State’s hypnotic conquest of the mind.
2. It inspired the performance of swadeshi street plays and folk songs.
3. The use of ‘desh’ by Deuskar was in the specific context of the region of Bengal.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer is Option (a)

• This is not available in routine preparation books. Upon searching the internet, “Desher Katha was a book largely based on the ideas of Naoroji and Digby. It presented the vices of the British rule, The mean of the peasants, the ruin of Indian industry, and the British empire’s hypnotic quest over mind. #1 is correct. 
• Deuskar in his book opposed the partition of Bengal. But, The overall theme of his book is not confined to So, Answer should be “(a)”.

Question 3:
With reference to the history of India, “Ulgulan” or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events? [2020-I] 
(a) The Revolt of 1857 
(b) The Mappila rebellion of 1921 
(c) The Indigo revolt of 1859 – 60 
(d) Birsa Munda’s revolt of 1899-1900

Correct Answer is Option (d)
The 1890s: under the leadership of Birsa Munda, the Mundass of the Chota Nagpur Plateau rebelled against the British. It was called Ulgulan.

Question 4:
With reference to Indian National Movement, consider the following pairs: [2019-I] Persons: Position head 
1. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru: President, All India Liberal Federation 
2. K.C. Neogy: Member, The Constituent Assembly 
3. P.C. Joshi: General Secretary, Communist Party of India 
Which of the pairs given above is/ are correctly matched? 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 1 and 2 only 
(c) 3 only 
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer is Option (d)
P.C. Joshi was C.P.I. General Secretary. And  K.C. Neogy was a member of the Constituent Assembly from W.Bengal. Only in Option '(d)' this combination is available.

Question 5:
With reference to the British colonial rule in India, consider the following statements : [2019-I] 
1. Mahatma Gandhi was instrumental in the abolition of the system of 'indentured labor'. 
2. In Lord Chelmsford's War Conference', Mahatma Gandhi did not support the resolution on recruiting Indians for World War. 
3. Consequent upon the breaking of the Salt Law by the Indian people, the Indian National Congress was declared illegal by the colonial rulers. 
Which of the statements given above are correct? 
(a) 1 and 2 only 
(b) 1 and 3 only 
(c) 2 and 3 only 
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Called by Viceroy Chelmsford to a War Conference in Delhi in April 1918, Gandhi said in a one-sentence speech that he supported recruitment for the war. So, #2 is wrong, by elimination, we get an answer (b).

Question 6:
With reference to Swadeshi Movement, consider the following statements : [2019-I] 
1. It contributed to the revival of indigenous artisan crafts and industries. 
2. The National Council of Education was established as a part of the Swadeshi Movement. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 only 
(c) Both 1 and 2 
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer is Option (c)
Program of Swadeshi: On August 15, 1906, the National Council of  Education was set up to organize a system of education-  literary, scientific and technical on national lines and under national control. The swadeshi spirit also found expression in the establishment of swadeshi textile mills, soap and match factories, tanneries, banks, insurance companies, shops, etc. So, both 1 and 2 are correct.

Question 7:
In 1920, which of the following changed its name to "Swarajya Sabha"? [2018-I] 
(a) All India Home Rule League 
(b) Hindu Mahasabha 
(c) South Indian Liberal Federation 
(d) The Servants of India Society

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Upon repeated instances from home rule leaguers, Gandhi did accept the presidentship of the Home Rule League only in 1920 and changed its name to "Swarajya Sabha". While we are at it, let's also gain knowledge about the wrong statements, lest it's asked in future exams! 

• South India Liberal Federation (SILF), aka Justice Party, was officially known at the time of its founding in 1916. EV Ramaswamy Naicker aka Periyar is a prominent personality associated with it. 
• The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra, on June 12, 1905, by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who left the Deccan Education Society to form this association. 
• Hindu Mahasabha was founded by Madan Mohan Malviya and some Punjabi leaders in 1915.

Question 8:
Which one of the following is a very significant aspect of the Champaran Satyagraha? [2018-I] 
(a) Active all-India participation of lawyers, students, and women in the National Movement 
(b) Active involvement of Dalit and Tribal communities of India in the National Movement 
(c) Joining of peasant unrest to India's National Movement 
(d) Drastic decrease in the cultivation of plantation crops and commercial crops

Correct Answer is Option (c)
Option (a), (b) and (d) are irrelevant to Champaran Satyagrah(a)

Question 9:
After the Santhal Uprising subsided, what was/were the measure/measures taken by the colonial government? [2018-I]
1. The territories called 'Santhal Paragan as' were created  
2. It became illegal for a Santhal to transfer land to a nonSanthal. 
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 only 
(c) Both 1 and 2 
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer is Option (c)

• NEW NCERT Class 12 Themes-III page 272: It was after the Santhal Revolt (1855-56) that the Santhal Pargana was created, carving out 5,500 square miles from the districts of Bhagalpur and Birbhum. The colonial state hoped that by creating a new territory for the Santhals and imposing some special laws within it, the Santhals could be conciliated So statement#1 is right. 
• After the revolt was suppressed the British government passed the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act (SPT), which prohibits the transfer of land So, statement#2 is also right.

Question 10:
He wrote biographies of Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji, and Shrikrishna; stayed in America for some time, and was also elected to the Central Assembly. He was           [2018-I] 
(a) Aurobindo Ghosh 
(b) Bipin Chandra Pal 
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai 
(d) Motilal Nehru

Correct Answer is Option (c)
Lala Lajpat Rai founded the Indian Home Rule League in the US in 1916 (TN History Class 12 book, page 150). So, he's the closest match. ICSE History textbook class 10 page 110 confirms that he indeed wrote those biographies Mazzini, Garibaldi, et al.

Question 11:
Consider the following statements: [2017-I] 
1. The Factories Act, 1881 was passed with a view to fix the wages of industrial workers and to allow the workers to form trade unions. 
2. N.M. Lokhande was a pioneer in organizing the labor movement in British India. 
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 only 
(c) Both 1 and 2 
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Lord Ripon introduced the Factory Act of 1881 to improve the service condition of the factory workers in India. The Act banned the appointment of children below the age of seven in factories. It reduced the working hours for children. It made it compulsory for all dangerous machines in the factories to be properly fenced to ensure security for the workers. So statement #1 is wrong. 

• In Bombay, middle-class philanthropic efforts to improve labor conditions began fairly early with N.M. Lockheed starting weekly Dinabandhu in 1880….and even starting a Bombay Mill-hands Association in 1890.  So, statement #2 is right. Hence "B" is the answer.

Question 12:
The Trade Disputes Act of 1929 provided for [2017-I] 
(a) the participation of workers in the management of industries. 
(b) arbitrary powers to the management to quell industrial disputes. 
(c) an intervention by the British Court in the event of a trade dispute. 
(d) a system of tribunals and a ban on strikes.

Correct Answer is Option (d)
The Trade disputes Act of April 1929 imposed a system of tribunals and tried to ban strikes 'undertaken for objects other than the furtherance of a trade dispute or if designed to coerce Government and/or inflict hardships on the community.' Hence "D" is the answer.

Question 13:
The object of the Butler Committee of 1927 was to? [2017-I] 
(a) Define the jurisdiction of the Central and Provincial Governments. 
(b) Define the powers of the Secretary of State for India. 
(c) Impose censorship on the national press. 
(d) Improve the relationship between the Government of India and the Indian States.

Correct Answer is Option (d)
The Butler Committee (1927) was set up to examine the nature of the relationship between the states and Government. Hence "D" is the fitting answer.

Question 14:
With reference to the Indian freedom struggle, consider the following events : [2017-I] 
1. Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy 
2. Quit India Movement launched 
3. Second Round Table Conference 
What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events? 
(a) 1-2-3 
(b) 2-1-3 
(c) 3-2-1 
(d) 3-1-2

Correct Answer is Option (c)
Correct chronology is 3-2-1. 

• 2nd RTC: 1931, September to December 
• Quit India movement: 1942, August. 
• RIN Mutiny: 1946, 18th February

Question 15:
In the context of Indian history, the principle of "Dyarchy (diarchy)" refers to [2017-I] 
(a) Division of the central legislature into two houses. 
(b) Introduction of double government i.e., Central and State governments. 
(c) Having two sets of rulers; one in London and another in Delhi. 
(d) Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories.

Correct Answer is Option (d)
Government of India act 1919 provided for dyarchy in provinces i.e. provincial subjects were classified into two parts 1) transferred and 2) reserved.

Question 16:
Consider the following pairs: [2017-I] 
1. Radhakanta Deb: First President of the British Indian Association 
2. GazuluLakshminarasuChetty: Founder of the Madras Mahajana Sabha 
3. Surendra Nath Banerjee: Founder of the Indian Association
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 1 and 3 only 
(c) 2 and 3 only 
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer is Option (b)

Tamilnadu board History Textbook Class12, page 142 

• Madras Mahajansabha (1884) was set up by M.Viraghavachari, B.SubramaniyaAiyer, and P. Ananda Charlu. So pair #2 is wrong, this eliminates "C" and "D". 
• India Association (1876): Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose. So, #3 is right. Only Option B fits this combination.

Question 17:
Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India during the British rule? [2017-I] 
1. Lord Cornwallis 
2. Alexander Reed 
3. Thomas Munro
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 1 and 3 only 
(c) 2 and 3 only 
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer is Option (c)
New NCERT Std. 8, Our Past-III, Chapter 3 Ruling the Country Side lists the following combinations: Lord Cornwallis: Permanent settlement system (1793). So, #1 is wrong and by elimination, we are left with the answer "C".

Question 18:
The ‘Swadeshi’ and ‘Boycott’ were adopted as methods of struggle for the first time during the [2016-I] 
(a) agitation against the Partition of Bengal 
(b) Home Rule Movement 
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement 
(d) visit of the Simon Commission to India

Correct Answer is Option (a)
(i) The British Government’s decision to partition Bengal had been made public in December 1903.
(ii) The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement was an effort by Indian people to oppose British rule. It began when British officials separated the Bengal province, dividing it by Bengali, Hindi, and Oriya languages and Muslim and Hindu religions. Indians responded by boycotting British products and using only Indian-made goods.
(iii) Swadeshi and Boycott started against the Partition of Bengal in 1905.

Question 19:
Consider the following statements [2015-I] 
1. The first woman President of the Indian National Congress was Sarojini Naidu. 
2. The first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress was Badruddin Tyabji. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 only 
(c) Both 1 and 2 
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Annie Besant was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress. She presided over the 1917 Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. Badruddin Tyabji was the "First Muslim" to become the "President of Indian National Congress".

Question 20:
Who of the following organized a march on the Tanjore coast to break the Salt Law in April 1930? [2015-I] 
(a) V. O. Chidambaram Pillai 
(b) C. Rajagopalachari 
(c) K. Kamaraj 
(d) Annie Besant

Correct Answer is Option (b)
C. Rajagopalachari organized a march from Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam on the Tanjore coast to break the salt law in April 1930.

Question 21:

With reference to Rowlatt Satyagraha, which of the following statements is/ are correct?  [2015-I]
1. The Rowlatt Act was based on the recommendations of the 'Sedition Committee.
2. In Rowlatt Satyagraha, Gandhiji tried to utilize the Home Rule League. 3. Demonstrations against the arrival of Simon Commission coincided with Rowlatt Satyagraha.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only    
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only    
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The Rowlatt committee was a Sedition Committee appointed in 1918 by the British Indian Government with Mr. Justice Rowlatt, an English judge, as its president. The purpose of the committee was to evaluate political terrorism in India, especially Bengal and Punjab. In organizing his satyagraha Gandhi tried to utilize three types of political networks - The Home Rule Leagues, Certain pan Islamist groups, and a satyagraha sabha which he himself started in Bombay on 24 February.

Question 22:
With reference to Congress Socialist Party, consider the following statements: [2015-I]
1. It advocated the boycott of British goods and the evasion of taxes.
2. It wanted to establish the dictatorship of the proletariat.
3. It advocated a separate electorate for minorities and oppressed classes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None

Correct Answer is Option (d)
All statements are wrong.

Question 23:
Which one of the following movements has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in the emergence of 'moderates' and 'extremists'? [2015-I] 
(a) Swadeshi Movement 
(b) Quit India Movement 
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement 
(d) Civil Disobedience Movement

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Surat split is an important event in the modern history of India. It took place in 1907 when the moderates parted company with the Extremists. The split in the congress was due to many reasons. The Moderates had controlled the congress from its very beginning and had their own ways of thinking and doing which were not acceptable to the younger generations who were impatient with the speed at which the moderates were moving and leading the nation. This was the time of the Swadeshi Movement.

Question 24:
The 1929 Session of the Indian National Congress is of significance in the history of the Freedom Movement because the [2014 - I] 
(a) attainment of Self-Government was declared as the objective of the Congress 
(b) attainment of Poorna Swaraj was adopted as the goal of the Congress 
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement was launched 
(d) the decision to participate in the Round Table Conference in London was taken

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The 1929 Session of the Indian, National Congress is of significance in the history of the Freedom Movement because the attainment of Poorna Swaraj was adopted as the goal of the Congress.

Question 25:
Quit India Movement was launched in response to [2013 - I] 
(a) Cabinet Mission Plan 
(b) Cripps Proposals 
(c) Simon Commission Report 
(d) Wavell Plan

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The British Govt. sent a delegation to India under Sir Stafford Cripps, to negotiate with the Indian National Congress a deal to obtain total cooperation during the war, in return of progressive devolution and distribution of power from the Crown and the Viceroy to an elected Indian legislature. The talks failed, as they did not address the key demand of a timetable of self-government and of the definition of the powers to be relinquished, essentially making an offer of limited dominion status that was wholly unacceptable to the Indian movement.

Question 26:
The people of India agitated against the arrival of the Simon Commission because [2013 - I] 
(a) Indians never wanted the review of the working of the Act of 1919 
(b) Simon Commission recommended the abolition of Dyarchy (Diarchy) in the Provinces 
(c) there was no Indian member in the Simon Commission 
(d) the Simon Commission suggested the partition of the country.

Correct Answer is Option (c)
In November 1927, the British govt. appointed the Indian statutory commission, known popularly after the name of its chairman as the Simon Commission. All the members of the commission were Englishmen. This announcement was greeted with a chorus of protest from all Indians. What angered them most was the exclusion of Indians from the commission and the basic notion behind this exclusion was that foreigners would discuss and decide upon India’s fitness for Self- government.

Question 27:
Annie Besant was [2013 - I] 
1. responsible for starting the Home Rule Movement 
2. the founder of the Theosophical Society 
3. once the President of the Indian National Congress 
Select the correct statement/statements using the codes given below. 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 and 3 only 
(c) 1 and 3 only 
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer is Option (c)
Annie Besant had formed and led the Home Rule Movement as she was influenced by the Irish Home Rule League. She also became the President of the Indian National Congress in 1917. But she was not the founder of the Theosophical Society; rather she was the second President of the society. The founder was Henry Steel Olcott.

Question 28:
The demand for the Tebhaga Peasant Movement in Bengal was for [2013 - I] 
(a) the reduction of the share of the landlords from one-half of the crop to one-third 
(b) the grant of ownership of land to peasants as they were the actual cultivators of the land 
(c) the uprooting of the Zamindari system and the end of serfdom 
(d) writing off all peasant debts

Correct Answer is Option (a)
The Tebhaga movement is a peasant movement in the history of Bengal and India. It was a movement of the peasants who demanded a two-thirds share of their produce for themselves and a one-third share to the landlord.

Question 29:
The Rowlatt Act aimed at [2012 - I] 
(a) compulsory economic support to war efforts 
(b) imprisonment without trial and summary procedures for trial 
(c) suppression of the Khilafat Movement 
(d) imposition of restrictions on freedom of the press

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The act had provisions of imprisonment without trial and summary procedures for trial.

Question 30:
Which of the following is/are the principal feature(s) of the Government of India Act, 1919? [2012 - I] 
1. Introduction of dyarchy in the executive government of the provinces 
2. Introduction of separate communal electorates for Muslims 
3. Devolution of legislative authority by the center to the provinces 
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 and 3 only 
(c) 1 and 3 only 
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer is Option (c)
1st and 3rd are correct.

Question 31:
The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress (1929) is very important in history, because [2012 - I] 
1. Congress passed a resolution demanding complete independence 
2. the rift between the extremists and moderates was resolved in that Session 
3. a resolution was passed rejecting the two-nation theory in that Session 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 and 3 
(c) 1 and 3 
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Only 1st statement is correct.

Question 32:
Consider the following statements: 
The most effective contribution made by Dadabhai Naoroji to the cause of the Indian National Movement was that he [2012 - I] 
1. exposed the economic exploitation of India by the British
2. interpreted the ancient Indian texts and restored the self-confidence of Indians 
3. stressed the need for eradication of all the social evils before anything else 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 and 3 only 
(c) 1 and 3 only 
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer is Option (a)
He exposed the economic exploitation of India by the British.

Question 33:
Mahatma  Gandhi undertook fast unto death in 1932, mainly because [2012 - I] 
(a) Round Table Conference failed to satisfy Indian political aspirations 
(b) Congress and Muslim League had differences of opinion 
(c) Ramsay Macdonald announced the Communal Award 
(d) None of the statements (a), (b), and (c) given above is correct in this context

Correct Answer is Option (c)
Mahatma Gandhi undertook fast unto death in 1932, against Ramsay Macdonald Announcement of the Communal Award.

Question 34:
Which of the following parties were established by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar? [2012 - I] 
1. The Peasants and Workers Party of India 
2. All India Scheduled Castes Federation 
3. The Independent Labour Party 
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 
(a) 1 and 2 only 
(b) 2 and 3 only 
(c) 1 and 3 only 
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The parties established by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar were -All India Scheduled Castes Federation and the Independent Labour Party.

Question 35:
During the Indian freedom struggle, the National Social Conference was formed. What was the reason for its formation? [2012 - I] 
(a) Different social reform groups or organizations of the Bengal region united to form a single body to discuss the issues of larger interest and to prepare appropriate petitions/representations to the government 
(b) Indian National Congress did not want to include social reforms in its deliberations and decided to form a separate body for such a purpose 
(c) Behramji Malabari and M. G. Ranade decided to bring together all the social reform groups of the country under one organization 
(d) None of the statements (a), (b), and (c) given above is correct in this context

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Because Indian National Congress did not want to include social reforms in its deliberations and decided to form a separate body for such a purpose.

Question 36:
The Congress ministries resigned in the seven provinces in 1939, because [2012 - I] 
(a) the Congress could not form ministries in the other four provinces 
(b) the emergence of a ‘left wing’ in the Congress made the working of the ministries impossible 
(c) there were widespread communal disturbances in their provinces 
(d) None of the statements (a), (b), and (c) given above is correct

Correct Answer is Option (d)
The Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939, in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people.

Question 37:
With reference to the period of the Indian freedom struggle, which of the following was/were recommended by the Nehru report?    [2011 - I]
1. Complete Independence for India. 
2. Joint electorates for reservation of seats for minorities. 
3. Provision of fundamental rights for the people of India in the Constitution.  
Select the correct answer using the codes given below 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 and 3 only 
(c) 1 and 3 only 
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Nehru Report did not provide for separate electorates for any community or weightage for minorities, but yes it talks of Joint electorates. It also talks about Bills of Rights.

Question 38:
With reference to the Indian freedom struggle, Usha Mehta is well-known for?  [2011 - I] 
(a) running the secret congress radio in the wake of the Quit India movement 
(b) participating in the second round table conference 
(c) leading a contingent of the Indian national army 
(d) assisting in the formation of Interim Government under Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Usha Mehta (March 25, 1920 – August 11, 2000) was a renowned Gandhian and freedom fighter of India. She is also remembered for operationalizing the Congress Radio, also called the Secret Congress Radio, an underground radio station, which functioned for few months during the Quit India Movement of 1942.

Question 39:
Mahatma Gandhi said that some of his deepest convictions were reflected in a book titled, “Unto this Last’’ and the book transformed his life. What was the message from the book that transformed Mahatma Gandhi?   [2011 - I] 
(a) Uplifting the oppressed and poor is the moral responsibility of an educated man 
(b) The good of the individual is contained in the good of all 
(c) The life of celibacy and spiritual pursuit is essential for a noble life 
(d) All the statements (a), (b) and (c) are correct in this context

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The statement a is incorrect because from Ruskin’s writing Gandhi derived the message that “the job of a lawyer is equal to a job of a barber, and both have right to earn their livelihood”. Statement b is correct because Gandhi clearly mentioned in one of his writing that The good of the individual is contained in the good of all, this is something which inspired him to translate the book into “Sarvodaya”. Statement c is incorrect, what Gandhi derived from this book was of a “life of labor” and not the life of celibacy. Celibacy or Brahamcharya was something which actually came out of his own guilt beginning as early as the days of the death of his father”.

Question 40:
What was the reason for Mahatma Gandhi to organize a satyagraha on behalf of the peasants of Kheda? 
1. The administration did not suspend the land revenue collection in spite of a drought 
2. The administration proposed to introduce a permanent settlement in Gujarat [2011 - I] 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 only 
(c) Both 1 and 2 
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer is Option (a)
However, famine had struck the district and a large part of Gujarat, and virtually destroyed the agrarian economy. The poor peasants had barely enough to feed themselves, but the British government of the Bombay Presidency insisted that the farmers not only pay full taxes but also pay the 23% increase stated to take effect that year.

Question 41:
Which one of the following observations is not true about the Quit India Movement of 1942? [2011 - I] 
(a) It was a non-violent movement 
(b) It was led by Mahatma Gandhi 
(c) It was a spontaneous movement 
(d) It did not attract the labor class in general

Correct Answer is Option (a)
On August 8, 1942, the Quit India Resolution was passed at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee and here Gandhi made a call to participate people in a non-violent way. It’s worth noting that the communists had opposed this movement and it virtually damaged the labor movement. Labour Unions under Communist influence had apparently decided against participation in the movement, there were large-scale strikes in mills at Kanpur, Jamshedpur, and Ahmedabad. There was the indifference of the Labour Class, so statement d is correct. The first statement in this question needs to be looked into. The Quit India Movement has basically promoted a nonviolent and noncooperative movement but it was not non-violent. There were various events in which Police stations, Railway Stations, Railway Lines, and PostOffices were burnt and destroyed.

Question 42:
Consider the following statements: [2010] 
1. The “Bombay Manifesto” signed in 1936 openly opposed the preaching of socialist ideals. 
2. It evoked support from a large section of the business community from all across India. 
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct? 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 only 
(c) Both 1 and 2 
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer is Option (a)
The "Bombay Manifesto" signed in 1936 by twenty-one Bombay businessmen, contained an open indictment of Nehru's preaching of socialist ideals, which were deemed prejudicial to private property and to the peace and prosperity of the country.

Question 43:
Who among the following were official Congress negotiators with Cripps Mission? [2010] 
(a) Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Patel 
(b) Acharya J.B. Kripalani and C. Rajagopalachari 
(c) Pandit Nehru and Maulana Azad 
(d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Rafi Ahmed Kidwai

Correct Answer is Option (c)
In March 1942, a mission headed by Stafford Cripps was sent to India with constitutional proposals to seek Indian support for the war by British PM, Winston Churchill.

Question 44:
For the Karachi session of Indian National Congress in 1931 presided over by Sardar Patel, who drafted the Resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme? [2010] 
(a) Mahatma Gandhi 
(b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru 
(c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad 
(d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The Karachi session was presided by Sardar Patel. Congress adopted a resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy which represented the Party's Social, Economic, and Political program. It was later known as Karachi Resolution. Nehru had originally drafted it, but some Congress leaders thought it was too radical and it was redrafted.

Question 45:
Consider the following statements : [2010] 
1. Dr. Rajendra Prasad persuaded Mahatma Gandhi to come to Champaran to investigate the problem of the peasants. 
2. Acharya J.B. Kriplani was one of Mahatma Gandhi's colleagues in his Champaran investigation. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 only 
(c) Both 1 and 2 
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Statement 1 is incorrect as it was Raj Kumar Shukla who requested Gandhi to come to Champaran to investigate the problems of peasants. Gandhi’s colleagues in this movement were JB Kriplani, Rajendra Prasad, Mazhar-ul Haq, Mahadeo Desai, and Narhari Parekh.

Question 46:
What was the immediate cause for the launch of the Swadeshi movement ? [2010]
(a) The partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon 
(b) A sentence of 18 months rigorous imprisonment imposed on Lokmanya Tilak 
(c) The arrest and deportation of Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh and passing of the Punjab Colonization Bill 
(d) Death sentence pronounced on the Chapekar brothers.

Correct Answer is Option (a)
The government’s decision to partition Bengal was made public in December 1903. The official reason given was that Bengal with a population of 78 million was too big to be administered. The government announced partition in July 1905. To boycott this, on Aug 7, 1905, a formal proclamation of the Swadeshi movement was made from the Calcutta townhall.

Question 47:
After Quit India Movement, C. Rajagopalachari issued a pamphlet entitled "The Way Out". Which one of the following was proposed in this pamphlet?    [2010]
(a) The establishment of a "War Advisory Council" composed of representatives of British India and the Indian States.
(b) Reconstitution of the Central Executive Council in such a way that all its members, except the Governor-General and the Commander-in-Chief, should be Indian leaders.
(c) Fresh elections to the Central and Provincial Legislatures to be held at the end of 1945 and a Constitution-making body to be convened as soon as possible.
(d) A solution for the constitutional deadlock.

Correct Answer is Option (d)
“In the last years of the war, Rajagopalachari was instrumental in negotiations between Gandhi and Jinnah. In 1944, he proposed a solution to the Indian Constitutional tangle. He prepared a formula for Congress-League cooperation. It was a tacit acceptance of the League’s demand for Pakistan. Gandhi supported the formula. But Jinnah was in favor of the two-nation theory only.

Question 48:
Four resolutions were passed at the famous Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress in 1906. The question of either retention OR of rejection of these four resolutions became the cause of a split in Congress at the next Congress session held in Surat in 1907. Which one of the following was not one of those resolutions? [2010] 
(a) Annulment of partition of Bengal 
(b) Boycott 
(c) National education 
(d) Swadeshi

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Dada Bhai Naoroji presided over the INC session at Calcutta in 1906 in which a resolution supporting the program of swadeshi, boycott, and national education was passed. Ras Behari Ghosh presided over the Surat session in 1907 in which congress was split into moderates and extremists.

Question 49:
With reference to Simon Commission's recommendations, which one of the following statements is correct? [2010] 
(a) It recommended the replacement of diarchy with responsible government in the provinces 
(b) It proposed the setting up of interprovincial council under the home department 
(c) It suggested the abolition of the bicameral legislature at the center 
(d) It recommended the creation of Indian Police Service with a provision for increased pay and allowances for British recruits as compared to Indian recruits

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Simon Commission came in 1927. Diarchy was proposed in the GOI Act, 1919. And it was replaced with the Provincial Autonomy in the GOI Act, 1935

Question 50:
The "Instrument of Instructions" contained in the Government of India Act, 1935 have been incorporated in the Constitution of India in the year 1950 as:  [2010
(a) Fundamental Rights    
(b) Directive Principles of State Policy
(c) Extent of executive power of State
(d) Conduct of business of the Government of India

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Instrument of instructions under the Government of India Act 1935 was instructions issued to Governors of the colonies or governors in general by the British government. Under the draft constitution, these instructions were proposed to issue directives to state and central governments and adopted under Directive Principles of State policies.