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Forest and Wildlife Resources
What is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity refers to the incredible 
variety of flora, fauna, and micro-
organisms, plus all cultivated species 
that are interconnected through complex 
ecological networks. Think of it as 
nature's web of life!
Why Conservation Matters?
Conservation prevents ecological 
imbalance and preserves our essential 
life-support systems. Without proper 
conservation, we risk losing the natural 
resources we depend on daily.
Wildlife Protection Act of 1972
Protected Endangered Species:
Big Cats: Tiger, Asiatic lion, snow leopard
Herbivores: One-horned rhino, elephant, black 
buck, hangul
Birds: Great Indian bustard
Reptiles: Various crocodile species
Famous Tiger Reserves Across India
Corbett (Uttarakhand)
India's first national park 
and tiger reserve, 
established in the foothills 
of the Himalayas.
Sundarbans (West 
Bengal)
Unique mangrove 
ecosystem home to the 
famous swimming tigers.
Bandhavgarh (Madhya 
Pradesh)
Known for having one of 
the highest densities of 
tigers in India.
Sariska (Rajasthan)
Successfully reintroduced 
tigers after local extinction, 
showing conservation can 
work.
Manas (Assam)
UNESCO World Heritage 
Site protecting tigers and 
many other endangered 
species.
Periyar (Kerala)
Unique reserve around a 
artificial lake, showcasing 
different conservation 
approaches.
Types of Forests in India
1
Reserved Forests (Over 
50%)
2
Protected Forests 
(About 1/3rd)
3
Unclassed Forests
State-wise Forest Distribution:
High Reserved Forest States Jammu & Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, 
Uttarakhand, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West 
Bengal, Maharashtra
Mostly Protected Forests Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, 
Odisha, Rajasthan
Large Unclassed Forests Northeastern states, Gujarat (community-
managed traditions)
Largest Forest Estate Madhya Pradesh leads in permanent 
forest coverage
Community Conservation Movements
Sariska Tiger Reserve (Rajasthan)
Local villagers successfully opposed mining activities using the Wildlife Protection 
Act, showing how communities can use legal frameworks to protect habitats.
Alwar District Initiative (Rajasthan)
Five villages created "Bhairodev Dakav Sonchuri" covering 1,200 hectares with 
self-imposed rules prohibiting hunting and promoting conservation.
Chipko Movement (Himalayas)
Villagers literally hugged trees to prevent deforestation, leading to afforestation 
programs and inspiring environmental movements worldwide.
Beej Bachao Andolan (Tehri)
Movement focused on conserving indigenous seeds and traditional agricultural 
varieties, preserving genetic diversity in crops.
Navdanya (Vandana Shiva)
Promoted ecological and organic farming practices, connecting biodiversity 
conservation with sustainable agriculture.
Joint Forest Management (1988, Odisha)
Partnership between local institutions and forest departments where villagers 
protect degraded forests in exchange for timber and non-timber benefits.
Sacred Groves and Traditional Conservation
Religious Forest Conservation
India's diverse religious and tribal traditions 
have created unique conservation practices 
through sacred groves - forest patches 
preserved for spiritual and cultural reasons.
Tribal Worship Traditions:
Mundas and Santhals: Worship mahua 
and kadamba trees
Odisha and Bihar tribes: Use tamarind 
and mango trees in wedding ceremonies
Sacred trees: Peepal and banyan trees 
considered holy
Temple Animal Protection
Monkeys and peacocks around temples 
receive protection due to religious 
beliefs, creating safe havens for wildlife 
in human-dominated landscapes.
Bishnoi Community (Rajasthan)
This community has protected 
blackbuck, chinkara, and nilgai for over 
500 years, demonstrating how religious 
beliefs can support conservation.
Timeline of Key Conservation Acts and Dates
1972 - Wildlife Protection Act
Landmark legislation banning hunting 
and protecting habitats across India.
1973 - Project Tiger Launch
Comprehensive tiger conservation 
program addressing population decline 
crisis.
1980 & 1986 - Extended Protection
Butterflies, moths, beetles, and 
dragonflies added to protected species 
list. 1988 - First JFM Program
Odisha launched India's first Joint 
Forest Management initiative.
1991 - Plant Protection
Six plant species officially added to the 
protection list.
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FAQs on Infographics: Forest and Wildlife Resources - Class 10

1. What are the main types of forests found in the world?
Ans. The main types of forests include tropical rainforests, temperate forests, boreal forests, and dry forests. Tropical rainforests are known for their high biodiversity and dense vegetation, while temperate forests experience four distinct seasons. Boreal forests, also called taiga, are found in cold regions and are primarily composed of coniferous trees. Dry forests, which can be found in regions with low rainfall, often exhibit drought-resistant vegetation.
2. Why are forests important for wildlife conservation?
Ans. Forests play a crucial role in wildlife conservation as they provide habitat, food, and shelter for various species. They support a diverse range of flora and fauna, contributing to biodiversity. Healthy forests also help maintain ecological balance, offer breeding grounds, and protect endangered species. Additionally, forests serve as corridors that allow wildlife to move between different habitats, promoting genetic diversity.
3. How do deforestation and habitat loss impact wildlife?
Ans. Deforestation and habitat loss lead to the destruction of wildlife habitats, resulting in declining populations and increased extinction rates. Animals lose their natural homes and food sources, which can lead to competition for resources and increased human-wildlife conflict. The fragmentation of habitats isolates animal populations, making it difficult for them to reproduce and thrive, ultimately threatening biodiversity.
4. What are some conservation strategies to protect forest and wildlife resources?
Ans. Conservation strategies include establishing protected areas such as national parks and wildlife reserves, promoting sustainable forestry practices, and implementing reforestation projects. Community involvement and education are also vital to fostering a culture of conservation. Legislation to protect endangered species and habitats, along with international cooperation, can enhance conservation efforts on a global scale.
5. How do forests contribute to combating climate change?
Ans. Forests contribute to combating climate change by acting as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere and storing it in biomass and soil. They help regulate the global climate by influencing weather patterns and maintaining hydrological cycles. Protecting and restoring forests can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance resilience to climate change impacts.
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