Kurukshetra Magazine December 2022 - 1 | Monthly Yojana & Kurukshetra Magazine (English) - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 2


A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 71  No. 2  Pages 52
December 2022
Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of Rural Development to all people. It serves as a forum for free, frank and serious discussion on the problems of Rural 
Development with special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the articles are their own. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government or the organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims in the advertisements regarding career guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra does not own responsibility. Maps 
used are for illustration & study purpose and may not strictly conform to the official map. Images, graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are mostly sourced from 
government channels and are indicative in nature. Final Editing rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 (011-24365609); 
Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? Mumbai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 701, C-Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 
(022-27570686) ? Chennai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) 
? Thiruvananthapuram - BM, Publications Division, Press Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650)  
? Hyderabad - BM, Publications Division, Room No. 204, 2nd Floor, C.G.O. Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383)  
? Bengaluru - BM (I/c), Sales Unit, Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244)  
? Patna - BM, Publications Division, Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (0612-2675823)  
? Lucknow - BM, Publications Division, Hall No. 1, 2nd Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455)  
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4th Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, Ashram Road, 
Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669) ? Guwahati - Publications Division, Assam Khadi and Village Industries Board, Ground 
Floor, MRD Road, Chandmari, Guwahati - 781003 (0361- 2668237/2664613)
CONTENTS
CHIEF EDITOR 
Rakeshrenu
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary 
Pankhuri Awasthi
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Rajender Kumar
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453 FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play,  
Kobo or Amazon.
Subscription* :
Inland
1 Year : ` 230
2 Years : ` 430
3 Years : ` 610
Abroad (Air Mail)
One Year
` 530 (SAARC Countries)
` 730 (Other Countries)
* Revised from April 2016  
   Issue Onwards
? Bridging the Digital Divide 
Avinash Mishra 
Madhubanti Dutta 5
? e-Governance in Health Services 
Delivery
Urvashi Prasad  29
? Post Office Services at the Doorsteps
Aman Sharma  12
? Technology Integration for Quality 
Education   
Rashi Sharma 
Purabi Pattanayak 18
? Citizen Participation and Rural Well-
being
Dr. Amiya Kumar Mohapatra 
Dr. Deepankar Chakrabarti  35
? New Age Technology
Harshit Mishra 
Piyush Prakash  40
? E-Governance in Tourism   
Dr. Suyash Yadav 45
? Mobile Governance  
Balendu Sharma Dadhich 24
Page 3


A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 71  No. 2  Pages 52
December 2022
Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of Rural Development to all people. It serves as a forum for free, frank and serious discussion on the problems of Rural 
Development with special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the articles are their own. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government or the organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims in the advertisements regarding career guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra does not own responsibility. Maps 
used are for illustration & study purpose and may not strictly conform to the official map. Images, graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are mostly sourced from 
government channels and are indicative in nature. Final Editing rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 (011-24365609); 
Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? Mumbai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 701, C-Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 
(022-27570686) ? Chennai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) 
? Thiruvananthapuram - BM, Publications Division, Press Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650)  
? Hyderabad - BM, Publications Division, Room No. 204, 2nd Floor, C.G.O. Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383)  
? Bengaluru - BM (I/c), Sales Unit, Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244)  
? Patna - BM, Publications Division, Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (0612-2675823)  
? Lucknow - BM, Publications Division, Hall No. 1, 2nd Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455)  
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4th Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, Ashram Road, 
Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669) ? Guwahati - Publications Division, Assam Khadi and Village Industries Board, Ground 
Floor, MRD Road, Chandmari, Guwahati - 781003 (0361- 2668237/2664613)
CONTENTS
CHIEF EDITOR 
Rakeshrenu
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary 
Pankhuri Awasthi
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Rajender Kumar
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453 FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play,  
Kobo or Amazon.
Subscription* :
Inland
1 Year : ` 230
2 Years : ` 430
3 Years : ` 610
Abroad (Air Mail)
One Year
` 530 (SAARC Countries)
` 730 (Other Countries)
* Revised from April 2016  
   Issue Onwards
? Bridging the Digital Divide 
Avinash Mishra 
Madhubanti Dutta 5
? e-Governance in Health Services 
Delivery
Urvashi Prasad  29
? Post Office Services at the Doorsteps
Aman Sharma  12
? Technology Integration for Quality 
Education   
Rashi Sharma 
Purabi Pattanayak 18
? Citizen Participation and Rural Well-
being
Dr. Amiya Kumar Mohapatra 
Dr. Deepankar Chakrabarti  35
? New Age Technology
Harshit Mishra 
Piyush Prakash  40
? E-Governance in Tourism   
Dr. Suyash Yadav 45
? Mobile Governance  
Balendu Sharma Dadhich 24
Kurukshetra       December  2022 Kurukshetra       December  2022 5 4
To usher in a new era of e-Governance, the government has taken a large 
number of initiatives. e-Governance is a mechanism through which public services 
are made available and accessible to the common man at their doorstep at ease, 
through common services delivery outlets. It further ensures services’ efficiency, 
transparency, and reliability at affordable prices. e-Governance is ICT-friendly 
which establishes connections between providers and users of government 
services.
e-Governance in the country has evolved steadily from computerisation 
of Government Departments to initiatives that encapsulate the finer points of 
Governance, such as citizen centricity, service orientation and transparency. 
Lessons from previous e-Governance initiatives have played an important role in 
shaping the progressive e-Governance strategy of the country.
According to the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the 
National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), takes a holistic view of e-Governance 
initiatives across the country, integrating them into a collective vision, a shared 
cause. 
Launch of the innovative platform, ‘MyGov’ is an important milestone towards 
e-governance as it is ensuring citizens’ engagement in the decision-making process 
as they can share their views/opinions on this platform. Seeing the growth and 
development and promotion of e-Governance for several activities, this month 
theme of our journal is e-Governance. The issue is carrying a total of eight articles 
covering different aspects of e-Governance. 
The lead article- Bridging Digital Divide talks about the all levels of government 
need to be transformed by e-governance, but local governments should receive 
special attention because they are the ones closest to the public and serve as the 
primary point of contact for many. 
The author of the article-Post Office Services at the Doorsteps writes that 
rendering of postal services at the doorsteps of citizens has revolutionised 
delivery of financial and citizen centric services in the rural areas. The author also 
writes that India Post is aspiring to emerge as an important player in the rural 
e-Commerce sector, by not only acting as the deliverer of choice for e-Commerce 
items meant for delivery in villages, but also as the order fulfilment entity for 
merchandise emanating from villages.
Technology will be integral in developing lifelong learners who have a growth 
mind-set, innate curiosity, drive to explore and firm belief in ongoing, voluntary, 
and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge says the article Technology Integration 
for Quality Education.  
We hope that through different article, our valuable readers will get desired 
information regarding the happenings related to e-Governance and its important 
dimensions. 
Happy reading. 
Page 4


A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 71  No. 2  Pages 52
December 2022
Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of Rural Development to all people. It serves as a forum for free, frank and serious discussion on the problems of Rural 
Development with special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the articles are their own. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government or the organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims in the advertisements regarding career guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra does not own responsibility. Maps 
used are for illustration & study purpose and may not strictly conform to the official map. Images, graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are mostly sourced from 
government channels and are indicative in nature. Final Editing rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 (011-24365609); 
Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? Mumbai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 701, C-Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 
(022-27570686) ? Chennai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) 
? Thiruvananthapuram - BM, Publications Division, Press Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650)  
? Hyderabad - BM, Publications Division, Room No. 204, 2nd Floor, C.G.O. Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383)  
? Bengaluru - BM (I/c), Sales Unit, Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244)  
? Patna - BM, Publications Division, Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (0612-2675823)  
? Lucknow - BM, Publications Division, Hall No. 1, 2nd Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455)  
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4th Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, Ashram Road, 
Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669) ? Guwahati - Publications Division, Assam Khadi and Village Industries Board, Ground 
Floor, MRD Road, Chandmari, Guwahati - 781003 (0361- 2668237/2664613)
CONTENTS
CHIEF EDITOR 
Rakeshrenu
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary 
Pankhuri Awasthi
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Rajender Kumar
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453 FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play,  
Kobo or Amazon.
Subscription* :
Inland
1 Year : ` 230
2 Years : ` 430
3 Years : ` 610
Abroad (Air Mail)
One Year
` 530 (SAARC Countries)
` 730 (Other Countries)
* Revised from April 2016  
   Issue Onwards
? Bridging the Digital Divide 
Avinash Mishra 
Madhubanti Dutta 5
? e-Governance in Health Services 
Delivery
Urvashi Prasad  29
? Post Office Services at the Doorsteps
Aman Sharma  12
? Technology Integration for Quality 
Education   
Rashi Sharma 
Purabi Pattanayak 18
? Citizen Participation and Rural Well-
being
Dr. Amiya Kumar Mohapatra 
Dr. Deepankar Chakrabarti  35
? New Age Technology
Harshit Mishra 
Piyush Prakash  40
? E-Governance in Tourism   
Dr. Suyash Yadav 45
? Mobile Governance  
Balendu Sharma Dadhich 24
Kurukshetra       December  2022 Kurukshetra       December  2022 5 4
To usher in a new era of e-Governance, the government has taken a large 
number of initiatives. e-Governance is a mechanism through which public services 
are made available and accessible to the common man at their doorstep at ease, 
through common services delivery outlets. It further ensures services’ efficiency, 
transparency, and reliability at affordable prices. e-Governance is ICT-friendly 
which establishes connections between providers and users of government 
services.
e-Governance in the country has evolved steadily from computerisation 
of Government Departments to initiatives that encapsulate the finer points of 
Governance, such as citizen centricity, service orientation and transparency. 
Lessons from previous e-Governance initiatives have played an important role in 
shaping the progressive e-Governance strategy of the country.
According to the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the 
National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), takes a holistic view of e-Governance 
initiatives across the country, integrating them into a collective vision, a shared 
cause. 
Launch of the innovative platform, ‘MyGov’ is an important milestone towards 
e-governance as it is ensuring citizens’ engagement in the decision-making process 
as they can share their views/opinions on this platform. Seeing the growth and 
development and promotion of e-Governance for several activities, this month 
theme of our journal is e-Governance. The issue is carrying a total of eight articles 
covering different aspects of e-Governance. 
The lead article- Bridging Digital Divide talks about the all levels of government 
need to be transformed by e-governance, but local governments should receive 
special attention because they are the ones closest to the public and serve as the 
primary point of contact for many. 
The author of the article-Post Office Services at the Doorsteps writes that 
rendering of postal services at the doorsteps of citizens has revolutionised 
delivery of financial and citizen centric services in the rural areas. The author also 
writes that India Post is aspiring to emerge as an important player in the rural 
e-Commerce sector, by not only acting as the deliverer of choice for e-Commerce 
items meant for delivery in villages, but also as the order fulfilment entity for 
merchandise emanating from villages.
Technology will be integral in developing lifelong learners who have a growth 
mind-set, innate curiosity, drive to explore and firm belief in ongoing, voluntary, 
and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge says the article Technology Integration 
for Quality Education.  
We hope that through different article, our valuable readers will get desired 
information regarding the happenings related to e-Governance and its important 
dimensions. 
Happy reading. 
Kurukshetra       December  2022 Kurukshetra       December  2022 5 4
Avinash Mishra
Madhubanti Dutta
Technology is one of the principal factors and the most effective tool for social change and advancement in today's world. 
The term "digital gap" has received significant attention in the last ten years, and a wide range of public discussion over 
its potential economic, social, and political implications has been generated. The most effective forces that may propel 
any developing country towards development and prosperity are information and communication technologies. The young 
workforce can acquire the upgraded skills necessary to engage in more meaningful work. In so doing, we can bridge the digital 
divide, prepare the under-skilled for the workforce of the future, and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to prosper. India 
essentially requires a public institution structure that makes use of the advantages offered by digital technology. India needs 
a system of digital education that integrates the use of technology into all facets of daily life and is contextually appropriate. 
Last-mile connectivity is crucial for schooling in rural India, where 2G speed is still a problem. So a paradigm shift in strategic 
thinking, law , and regulation is necessary to bring in the digital revolution which will create a digitally integrated ecosystem in 
rural areas with a community wireless network, with facets for leapfrogging for economic development.
Bridging the Digital Divide 
ndia is one of the most populated, 
diversified, and large countries in terms of 
its landscape. Implementing e-governance 
to empower its population and promote 
general economic growth, especially in rural areas, 
provides a significant challenge. The integration 
of technology-enabled communication and data-
driven governance are two significant advantages 
of e-government in India. The internet and mobile 
technology have made it 
possible to rapidly transfer 
large volumes of data, which 
is the foundation of efficient 
governance. The use of 
e-governance increases the 
transparency of all operational 
processes. Digital inequality 
has been a significant concern 
in contemporary societies. 
These variances are a result 
of differential levels of access 
to, actual utilisation of, and 
efficiency in the application 
of digital resources. Digital 
resources, especially cutting-
edge technology like business 
analytics, big data, and artificial 
intelligence, are crucial for 
communities to make the 
transition to sustainability. 
Digital inequality needs to 
be decreased for digitalised 
societies to be long-lasting. All 
I
forms of digital inequity are collectively referred to 
as "digital disparities." Digital gaps are still a worrying 
trend. Globally, three billion people lack Internet 
connectivity, with those in developing and least-
developed countries more likely to be without it than 
those in industrialised countries. A nation must enable 
everyone to participate in the global digital economy 
and eliminate technological barriers in order to 
significantly benefit from it. The issue of bridging the 
Page 5


A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 71  No. 2  Pages 52
December 2022
Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of Rural Development to all people. It serves as a forum for free, frank and serious discussion on the problems of Rural 
Development with special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the articles are their own. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government or the organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims in the advertisements regarding career guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra does not own responsibility. Maps 
used are for illustration & study purpose and may not strictly conform to the official map. Images, graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are mostly sourced from 
government channels and are indicative in nature. Final Editing rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 (011-24365609); 
Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? Mumbai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 701, C-Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 
(022-27570686) ? Chennai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) 
? Thiruvananthapuram - BM, Publications Division, Press Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650)  
? Hyderabad - BM, Publications Division, Room No. 204, 2nd Floor, C.G.O. Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383)  
? Bengaluru - BM (I/c), Sales Unit, Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244)  
? Patna - BM, Publications Division, Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (0612-2675823)  
? Lucknow - BM, Publications Division, Hall No. 1, 2nd Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455)  
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4th Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, Ashram Road, 
Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669) ? Guwahati - Publications Division, Assam Khadi and Village Industries Board, Ground 
Floor, MRD Road, Chandmari, Guwahati - 781003 (0361- 2668237/2664613)
CONTENTS
CHIEF EDITOR 
Rakeshrenu
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary 
Pankhuri Awasthi
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Rajender Kumar
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453 FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play,  
Kobo or Amazon.
Subscription* :
Inland
1 Year : ` 230
2 Years : ` 430
3 Years : ` 610
Abroad (Air Mail)
One Year
` 530 (SAARC Countries)
` 730 (Other Countries)
* Revised from April 2016  
   Issue Onwards
? Bridging the Digital Divide 
Avinash Mishra 
Madhubanti Dutta 5
? e-Governance in Health Services 
Delivery
Urvashi Prasad  29
? Post Office Services at the Doorsteps
Aman Sharma  12
? Technology Integration for Quality 
Education   
Rashi Sharma 
Purabi Pattanayak 18
? Citizen Participation and Rural Well-
being
Dr. Amiya Kumar Mohapatra 
Dr. Deepankar Chakrabarti  35
? New Age Technology
Harshit Mishra 
Piyush Prakash  40
? E-Governance in Tourism   
Dr. Suyash Yadav 45
? Mobile Governance  
Balendu Sharma Dadhich 24
Kurukshetra       December  2022 Kurukshetra       December  2022 5 4
To usher in a new era of e-Governance, the government has taken a large 
number of initiatives. e-Governance is a mechanism through which public services 
are made available and accessible to the common man at their doorstep at ease, 
through common services delivery outlets. It further ensures services’ efficiency, 
transparency, and reliability at affordable prices. e-Governance is ICT-friendly 
which establishes connections between providers and users of government 
services.
e-Governance in the country has evolved steadily from computerisation 
of Government Departments to initiatives that encapsulate the finer points of 
Governance, such as citizen centricity, service orientation and transparency. 
Lessons from previous e-Governance initiatives have played an important role in 
shaping the progressive e-Governance strategy of the country.
According to the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the 
National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), takes a holistic view of e-Governance 
initiatives across the country, integrating them into a collective vision, a shared 
cause. 
Launch of the innovative platform, ‘MyGov’ is an important milestone towards 
e-governance as it is ensuring citizens’ engagement in the decision-making process 
as they can share their views/opinions on this platform. Seeing the growth and 
development and promotion of e-Governance for several activities, this month 
theme of our journal is e-Governance. The issue is carrying a total of eight articles 
covering different aspects of e-Governance. 
The lead article- Bridging Digital Divide talks about the all levels of government 
need to be transformed by e-governance, but local governments should receive 
special attention because they are the ones closest to the public and serve as the 
primary point of contact for many. 
The author of the article-Post Office Services at the Doorsteps writes that 
rendering of postal services at the doorsteps of citizens has revolutionised 
delivery of financial and citizen centric services in the rural areas. The author also 
writes that India Post is aspiring to emerge as an important player in the rural 
e-Commerce sector, by not only acting as the deliverer of choice for e-Commerce 
items meant for delivery in villages, but also as the order fulfilment entity for 
merchandise emanating from villages.
Technology will be integral in developing lifelong learners who have a growth 
mind-set, innate curiosity, drive to explore and firm belief in ongoing, voluntary, 
and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge says the article Technology Integration 
for Quality Education.  
We hope that through different article, our valuable readers will get desired 
information regarding the happenings related to e-Governance and its important 
dimensions. 
Happy reading. 
Kurukshetra       December  2022 Kurukshetra       December  2022 5 4
Avinash Mishra
Madhubanti Dutta
Technology is one of the principal factors and the most effective tool for social change and advancement in today's world. 
The term "digital gap" has received significant attention in the last ten years, and a wide range of public discussion over 
its potential economic, social, and political implications has been generated. The most effective forces that may propel 
any developing country towards development and prosperity are information and communication technologies. The young 
workforce can acquire the upgraded skills necessary to engage in more meaningful work. In so doing, we can bridge the digital 
divide, prepare the under-skilled for the workforce of the future, and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to prosper. India 
essentially requires a public institution structure that makes use of the advantages offered by digital technology. India needs 
a system of digital education that integrates the use of technology into all facets of daily life and is contextually appropriate. 
Last-mile connectivity is crucial for schooling in rural India, where 2G speed is still a problem. So a paradigm shift in strategic 
thinking, law , and regulation is necessary to bring in the digital revolution which will create a digitally integrated ecosystem in 
rural areas with a community wireless network, with facets for leapfrogging for economic development.
Bridging the Digital Divide 
ndia is one of the most populated, 
diversified, and large countries in terms of 
its landscape. Implementing e-governance 
to empower its population and promote 
general economic growth, especially in rural areas, 
provides a significant challenge. The integration 
of technology-enabled communication and data-
driven governance are two significant advantages 
of e-government in India. The internet and mobile 
technology have made it 
possible to rapidly transfer 
large volumes of data, which 
is the foundation of efficient 
governance. The use of 
e-governance increases the 
transparency of all operational 
processes. Digital inequality 
has been a significant concern 
in contemporary societies. 
These variances are a result 
of differential levels of access 
to, actual utilisation of, and 
efficiency in the application 
of digital resources. Digital 
resources, especially cutting-
edge technology like business 
analytics, big data, and artificial 
intelligence, are crucial for 
communities to make the 
transition to sustainability. 
Digital inequality needs to 
be decreased for digitalised 
societies to be long-lasting. All 
I
forms of digital inequity are collectively referred to 
as "digital disparities." Digital gaps are still a worrying 
trend. Globally, three billion people lack Internet 
connectivity, with those in developing and least-
developed countries more likely to be without it than 
those in industrialised countries. A nation must enable 
everyone to participate in the global digital economy 
and eliminate technological barriers in order to 
significantly benefit from it. The issue of bridging the 
Kurukshetra       December  2022 Kurukshetra       December  2022 7 6
digital gap calls for technological, infrastructure, and 
social-economic solutions that address accessibility, 
affordability, and digital literacy. Existing technology 
can be used to create solutions that offer high-quality, 
dependable, and secure internet connection, enabling 
unrestricted participation in the digital economy.
Along with financial, gender, and ethnic 
disparities, there are growing gaps between rural 
and urban areas, as well as gaps for those with 
impairments. Poor local infrastructure can make 
the Internet slow and expensive in locations with 
access, thus placing it out of many people's grasp. In 
contrast, Internet outages can leave whole nations in 
the dark. The digital world has grown and developed 
primarily as a result of technological change; pillars 
of the information society now include e-learning, 
e-libraries, e-health, and e-governance. The 
availability of information is not universal, and there 
has always been a gap between those individuals 
and groups who can effectively use IT and those who 
cannot, creating a digital divide that is of the utmost 
concern to governments in developing nations.
Building Infrastructure to Overcome the Digital 
Divide
The potential for internet technology to 
revolutionise civilisation calls for action. In order 
to bridge the digital gap and provide people with 
inexpensive, all-inclusive access to information, 
nations must prioritise the development of their 
communications and IT infrastructure. There remains 
a lot to be done, particularly in rural and distant 
places, even though the IT infrastructure and notably 
the usage of IT have improved. Technologies related 
to the internet have the potential to alter the social 
environment. Access to internet knowledge is 
essential for learning and human development. By 
lowering prices, boosting efficiency, and raising labour 
productivity, the internet may help the economy. The 
internet could be an important instrument in aiding 
India to reach its goals by preserving stability, boosting 
viability for the future, and taking accountability. 
However, the evidence suggests that the advantages 
of internet technologies are not equally distributed 
and that differences between and within nations are 
widening. Those who are brighter, more connected, 
and more skilled have disproportionately profited 
from the internet revolution. Internet connectivity 
at slower speeds costs more for subscribers in 
underdeveloped nations. Some countries' economic 
development has been hampered by sector-specific 
levies and tariffs. There is a demand suppression 
effect brought on by the inability to host or provide 
material locally due to slow rates and high content 
costs. To convince potential internet users of the 
value of the technology, local language materials, and 
culturally appropriate services are needed. A lot of 
people, particularly women, claim they don't use the 
internet because they lack the requisite skills.
Achieving an Affordable, Inclusive Internet for All
The crucial internet access infrastructure has 
been the focus of policies during the last ten years. 
While there is still much work to be done, there have 
been notable successes. Currently, a mobile internet 
signal may be found within range of 70 percent of the 
world's population (Internet Society 2016). To help 
establish an inclusive and inexpensive internet that 
increases prospects for innovation, empowerment, 
and development, policymakers urgently need to 
broaden their horizons. The following parameters 
are significant in the way of achieving an affordable, 
inclusive internet for all.
 ? Importance of Infrastructure- In developing 
nations, mobile access is crucial to inclusiveness 
and creativity. Governments and the business 
sector must collaborate to encourage network 
sharing and the installation of fiber optic cables 
to construct other types of infrastructure, such 
as roads and power lines. To facilitate access, 
promote innovation, and advance development, 
governments and regulators must create rules 
that stimulate competition and boost network 
investment. To develop and test a full-scale 
design, installation, and services package for 
a turnkey broadband network, infrastructure 
has to be highly developed. Access to public 
broadband is just the beginning of building a 
digitally developed country that closes technical 
divides between citizens and attracts new 
businesses and development prospects. 
 ? Pricing- The facilitation of inexpensive and 
widespread Internet access at a fair price is 
the responsibility of policymakers. Eventually, 
governments can encourage a commercial and 
regulatory environment that is friendly to digital 
technology for the private sector. This might 
enable finance and expedite infrastructure 
development. Economic development is