Kurukshetra Magazine January 2024 - 3 | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


Kurukshetra         January  2024 34 The author is a columnist and senior technology professional. Email: balendu@gmail.com
Balendu Sharma Dadhich
decade ago, the idea that drones 
would usher in a transformative 
revolution in the agriculture industry 
within the next ten years seemed 
unimaginable. However, this is now 
a reality. What's even more surprising is the growing  
interest in drones in countries like India, which 
traditionally held onto conventional agricultural 
practices. Drones are making headlines for various 
reasons, including their potential to revolutionise Indian 
agriculture and rural economies. They have the potential 
to play a pivotal role in modernising farming practices and 
creating unprecedented job opportunities, especially 
for youth and women—something considered nearly 
impossible just a few years ago. The Indian government 
is actively promoting a drone culture nationwide, and 
the field is witnessing remarkable innovations, ranging 
from cost-effectiveness to enhanced manageability 
and multipurpose functionality. India is on the brink of 
A
Drone Revolution Drone Revolution 
Changing the Face of Changing the Face of 
Rural India Rural India
a drone revolution that not only stands to reshape the 
rural economy but also has the potential to profoundly 
impact and improve countless lives. 
There are interesting examples of many countries 
utilising drone technology to revolutionise agricultural 
practices and boost rural economies. In Africa, drones 
are being used to support small-scale farmers in 
Mozambique and agribusiness in Morocco. Japan is one 
of the most notable countries that has incorporated 
agricultural drones to help rice farmers maximise their 
yield. Its scientists have even developed insect-sized 
drones capable of pollinating flowers, mimicking the 
role of bees. In Europe, Spain is at the forefront of using 
drones in agriculture, where drones are being used in 
activities ranging from crop monitoring to precision 
farming. Similarly, China and Indonesia are taking 
steps to boost the demand for drones in agriculture. 
Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia have implemented 
laws regarding the use of drones. India, too, is being 
Given the global enthusiasm for 
employing drones in agricultural 
activities, India is actively exploring 
and promoting drone technology. 
This is because these cost-effective, 
unmanned aerial vehicles hold 
promise to address various challenges 
and issues prevalent in Indian 
agriculture. The Indian Government 
has initiated several schemes to 
promote the drone industry within 
the country, and many of these are 
especially relevant to agriculture, 
rural society, and rural economy.
Page 2


Kurukshetra         January  2024 34 The author is a columnist and senior technology professional. Email: balendu@gmail.com
Balendu Sharma Dadhich
decade ago, the idea that drones 
would usher in a transformative 
revolution in the agriculture industry 
within the next ten years seemed 
unimaginable. However, this is now 
a reality. What's even more surprising is the growing  
interest in drones in countries like India, which 
traditionally held onto conventional agricultural 
practices. Drones are making headlines for various 
reasons, including their potential to revolutionise Indian 
agriculture and rural economies. They have the potential 
to play a pivotal role in modernising farming practices and 
creating unprecedented job opportunities, especially 
for youth and women—something considered nearly 
impossible just a few years ago. The Indian government 
is actively promoting a drone culture nationwide, and 
the field is witnessing remarkable innovations, ranging 
from cost-effectiveness to enhanced manageability 
and multipurpose functionality. India is on the brink of 
A
Drone Revolution Drone Revolution 
Changing the Face of Changing the Face of 
Rural India Rural India
a drone revolution that not only stands to reshape the 
rural economy but also has the potential to profoundly 
impact and improve countless lives. 
There are interesting examples of many countries 
utilising drone technology to revolutionise agricultural 
practices and boost rural economies. In Africa, drones 
are being used to support small-scale farmers in 
Mozambique and agribusiness in Morocco. Japan is one 
of the most notable countries that has incorporated 
agricultural drones to help rice farmers maximise their 
yield. Its scientists have even developed insect-sized 
drones capable of pollinating flowers, mimicking the 
role of bees. In Europe, Spain is at the forefront of using 
drones in agriculture, where drones are being used in 
activities ranging from crop monitoring to precision 
farming. Similarly, China and Indonesia are taking 
steps to boost the demand for drones in agriculture. 
Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia have implemented 
laws regarding the use of drones. India, too, is being 
Given the global enthusiasm for 
employing drones in agricultural 
activities, India is actively exploring 
and promoting drone technology. 
This is because these cost-effective, 
unmanned aerial vehicles hold 
promise to address various challenges 
and issues prevalent in Indian 
agriculture. The Indian Government 
has initiated several schemes to 
promote the drone industry within 
the country, and many of these are 
especially relevant to agriculture, 
rural society, and rural economy.
35 Kurukshetra         January  2024
increasingly referred to as a land with huge potential 
to leverage the power of drones in agriculture and non-
agriculture sectors. 
A Bright Outlook
Within the realm of agriculture, drones are 
projected to contribute approximately 7 billion USD to the 
global economy. This optimistic outlook holds significant 
promise for the worldwide agricultural sector. The rate 
of adoption, however, exhibits notable variations across 
countries. In the United States, a staggering 84 per cent 
of farmers utilise drones on a daily or weekly basis, with 
approximately 73 per cent employing them for crop 
monitoring and 43 per cent for soil and field analysis. In 
contrast, the adoption rate in developing nations such as 
India remains considerably lower . 
Things are changing fast, however. Given the 
global enthusiasm for employing drones in agricultural 
activities, India is actively exploring and promoting 
drone technology. This is because these cost-effective, 
unmanned aerial vehicles hold promise to address various 
challenges and issues prevalent in Indian agriculture. 
The realisation of their importance is evident from what 
Prime Minister Narendra Modi said while inaugurating 
India's biggest drone expo in May 2022. He said, "I want 
to see a drone in every farm and a phone in every hand." 
While the technology is in its early stages in India, 
numerous companies are making efforts to ensure 
its accessibility to Indian farmers. They aim to make it 
readily available for use, with the intention of enhancing 
efficiency in agricultural production. As per projections 
from the Ministry of Civil Aviation, the drone industry 
in India is expected to experience significant growth, 
reaching a turnover of Rs. 12,000-15,000 crore by 2026.
As of June 2023, there are 333 drone startups in 
India. This number represents a significant increase from 
the previous year , as India witnessed a 34.4% surge in the 
number of drone or UAV startups between August 2021 
and February 2022. This growth is a testament to the 
burgeoning drone industry in the country, with startups 
exploring various applications of drone technology in 
sectors, such as agriculture, defense, and more.
Initiatives to Promote the Drone Culture
The bright prospects are not without a reason. 
The Indian Government has initiated several schemes 
to promote the drone industry within the country, and 
many of these are especially relevant to agriculture, rural 
society, and rural economy. These schemes encompass 
various aspects of the sector. Here are some of the 
schemes, initiatives, and incentives that the Government 
has introduced: 
Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme: The PLI 
scheme for drones and drone components offers 
incentives to manufacturers in this domain. Its objective 
is to stimulate significant growth in the emerging 
drone sector, potentially generating over 10,000 direct 
jobs within the next three years. Projections indicate 
substantial growth in the annual sales turnover of the 
drone manufacturing industry, from Rs. 60 crore in 
2020-21 to over Rs. 900 crore in FY 2023-24. The drone 
services industry, encompassing operations, logistics, 
data processing, and traffic management, is anticipated 
to scale even higher, reaching over Rs. 30,000 crore in 
the next three years.
Scheme for Women Self-Help Groups (SHGs): With 
an allocated outlay of Rs. 1,261 crore for the period 
from 2024-25 to 2025-26, this scheme focuses on 
providing drones to women self-help groups (SHGs) 
engaged in agriculture. The drones are intended to 
assist with crop monitoring, yield estimation, and 
various other agricultural activities. By empowering 
women in agriculture, this scheme aims to enhance 
the drone industry's growth and create employment 
opportunities.
Ban on Drone Imports: In a move to bolster the domestic 
drone industry, the Indian Government has imposed a 
ban on the import of drones and drone components. This 
strategic measure is anticipated to fuel the growth of the 
local drone manufacturing industry and subsequently 
lead to the creation of job opportunities.
Drone Shakti Scheme for Startups: This scheme 
targets startups within the drone industry, offering 
financial assistance for research and development, 
product development, and marketing. By providing 
crucial support to startups, the scheme aims to foster 
innovation, growth, and employment opportunities 
within the drone sector .
The Drone Rules, 2021: T o regulate the drone industry in 
India, the Government has introduced ‘The Drone Rules, 
2021’. These rules establish a comprehensive regulatory 
framework for drone operations within the country. 
Additionally, the Digital Sky Platform serves as an online 
Page 3


Kurukshetra         January  2024 34 The author is a columnist and senior technology professional. Email: balendu@gmail.com
Balendu Sharma Dadhich
decade ago, the idea that drones 
would usher in a transformative 
revolution in the agriculture industry 
within the next ten years seemed 
unimaginable. However, this is now 
a reality. What's even more surprising is the growing  
interest in drones in countries like India, which 
traditionally held onto conventional agricultural 
practices. Drones are making headlines for various 
reasons, including their potential to revolutionise Indian 
agriculture and rural economies. They have the potential 
to play a pivotal role in modernising farming practices and 
creating unprecedented job opportunities, especially 
for youth and women—something considered nearly 
impossible just a few years ago. The Indian government 
is actively promoting a drone culture nationwide, and 
the field is witnessing remarkable innovations, ranging 
from cost-effectiveness to enhanced manageability 
and multipurpose functionality. India is on the brink of 
A
Drone Revolution Drone Revolution 
Changing the Face of Changing the Face of 
Rural India Rural India
a drone revolution that not only stands to reshape the 
rural economy but also has the potential to profoundly 
impact and improve countless lives. 
There are interesting examples of many countries 
utilising drone technology to revolutionise agricultural 
practices and boost rural economies. In Africa, drones 
are being used to support small-scale farmers in 
Mozambique and agribusiness in Morocco. Japan is one 
of the most notable countries that has incorporated 
agricultural drones to help rice farmers maximise their 
yield. Its scientists have even developed insect-sized 
drones capable of pollinating flowers, mimicking the 
role of bees. In Europe, Spain is at the forefront of using 
drones in agriculture, where drones are being used in 
activities ranging from crop monitoring to precision 
farming. Similarly, China and Indonesia are taking 
steps to boost the demand for drones in agriculture. 
Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia have implemented 
laws regarding the use of drones. India, too, is being 
Given the global enthusiasm for 
employing drones in agricultural 
activities, India is actively exploring 
and promoting drone technology. 
This is because these cost-effective, 
unmanned aerial vehicles hold 
promise to address various challenges 
and issues prevalent in Indian 
agriculture. The Indian Government 
has initiated several schemes to 
promote the drone industry within 
the country, and many of these are 
especially relevant to agriculture, 
rural society, and rural economy.
35 Kurukshetra         January  2024
increasingly referred to as a land with huge potential 
to leverage the power of drones in agriculture and non-
agriculture sectors. 
A Bright Outlook
Within the realm of agriculture, drones are 
projected to contribute approximately 7 billion USD to the 
global economy. This optimistic outlook holds significant 
promise for the worldwide agricultural sector. The rate 
of adoption, however, exhibits notable variations across 
countries. In the United States, a staggering 84 per cent 
of farmers utilise drones on a daily or weekly basis, with 
approximately 73 per cent employing them for crop 
monitoring and 43 per cent for soil and field analysis. In 
contrast, the adoption rate in developing nations such as 
India remains considerably lower . 
Things are changing fast, however. Given the 
global enthusiasm for employing drones in agricultural 
activities, India is actively exploring and promoting 
drone technology. This is because these cost-effective, 
unmanned aerial vehicles hold promise to address various 
challenges and issues prevalent in Indian agriculture. 
The realisation of their importance is evident from what 
Prime Minister Narendra Modi said while inaugurating 
India's biggest drone expo in May 2022. He said, "I want 
to see a drone in every farm and a phone in every hand." 
While the technology is in its early stages in India, 
numerous companies are making efforts to ensure 
its accessibility to Indian farmers. They aim to make it 
readily available for use, with the intention of enhancing 
efficiency in agricultural production. As per projections 
from the Ministry of Civil Aviation, the drone industry 
in India is expected to experience significant growth, 
reaching a turnover of Rs. 12,000-15,000 crore by 2026.
As of June 2023, there are 333 drone startups in 
India. This number represents a significant increase from 
the previous year , as India witnessed a 34.4% surge in the 
number of drone or UAV startups between August 2021 
and February 2022. This growth is a testament to the 
burgeoning drone industry in the country, with startups 
exploring various applications of drone technology in 
sectors, such as agriculture, defense, and more.
Initiatives to Promote the Drone Culture
The bright prospects are not without a reason. 
The Indian Government has initiated several schemes 
to promote the drone industry within the country, and 
many of these are especially relevant to agriculture, rural 
society, and rural economy. These schemes encompass 
various aspects of the sector. Here are some of the 
schemes, initiatives, and incentives that the Government 
has introduced: 
Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme: The PLI 
scheme for drones and drone components offers 
incentives to manufacturers in this domain. Its objective 
is to stimulate significant growth in the emerging 
drone sector, potentially generating over 10,000 direct 
jobs within the next three years. Projections indicate 
substantial growth in the annual sales turnover of the 
drone manufacturing industry, from Rs. 60 crore in 
2020-21 to over Rs. 900 crore in FY 2023-24. The drone 
services industry, encompassing operations, logistics, 
data processing, and traffic management, is anticipated 
to scale even higher, reaching over Rs. 30,000 crore in 
the next three years.
Scheme for Women Self-Help Groups (SHGs): With 
an allocated outlay of Rs. 1,261 crore for the period 
from 2024-25 to 2025-26, this scheme focuses on 
providing drones to women self-help groups (SHGs) 
engaged in agriculture. The drones are intended to 
assist with crop monitoring, yield estimation, and 
various other agricultural activities. By empowering 
women in agriculture, this scheme aims to enhance 
the drone industry's growth and create employment 
opportunities.
Ban on Drone Imports: In a move to bolster the domestic 
drone industry, the Indian Government has imposed a 
ban on the import of drones and drone components. This 
strategic measure is anticipated to fuel the growth of the 
local drone manufacturing industry and subsequently 
lead to the creation of job opportunities.
Drone Shakti Scheme for Startups: This scheme 
targets startups within the drone industry, offering 
financial assistance for research and development, 
product development, and marketing. By providing 
crucial support to startups, the scheme aims to foster 
innovation, growth, and employment opportunities 
within the drone sector .
The Drone Rules, 2021: T o regulate the drone industry in 
India, the Government has introduced ‘The Drone Rules, 
2021’. These rules establish a comprehensive regulatory 
framework for drone operations within the country. 
Additionally, the Digital Sky Platform serves as an online 
Kurukshetra         January  2024 36
registration platform for drones and drone operators, 
streamlining the regulatory process.
Certification scheme: In tandem with its comprehensive 
initiatives to boost the drone industry, the Government 
of India has introduced a certification scheme for 
agricultural drones. Effective from 26 January 2022, this 
scheme allows agricultural drones to carry payloads 
excluding chemicals or other liquids utilised in spraying 
activities. The application of such liquids is permissible 
when adhering to relevant rules and regulations.
Drones in Agricultural Research: In a noteworthy 
development on 16 November 2020, the Indian 
Government granted the International Crops Research 
Institute (ICRISAT) permission to utilise drones for 
agricultural research activities. This strategic move seeks 
to inspire emerging researchers and entrepreneurs to 
explore cost-effective drone solutions for more than 
6.6 lakh Indian villages, aligning with the broader vision 
of fostering innovation and technology adoption in 
agriculture.
SMAM: The Indian Government is also providing 
financial assistance for the purchase of drones under 
the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) 
for its demonstration on the farmer’s field. Under the 
scheme, farmers are provided with the benefit of 
subsidies ranging from 50 to 80 per cent for buying 
agricultural machinery. Under the scheme, priority is 
given to women farmers.
These initiatives collectively reflect the Indian 
Government's commitment to nurturing a robust and 
sustainable ecosystem for the drone industry, ensuring 
both regulatory compliance and economic advancement. 
The Advent of Kisan Drones
Kisan Drones, as part of the Indian Government's 
initiative to spark a rural drone revolution, are set to 
revolutionise the agricultural sector in India. These 
drones are aimed at helping farmers in various aspects of 
farming, from crop health analysis to pesticide spraying. 
The advent of Kisan Drones has indeed ushered in a new 
era in the field of agriculture, transforming traditional 
practices, and paving the way for a more efficient and 
safer approach to farming. The conventional method of 
spraying pesticides and liquid fertilisers, which involves 
the use of hand-held back-strapped pumps, is not only 
laborious and time-consuming but also poses significant 
risks due to the presence of poisonous reptiles and 
potential threats from wild animals in the fields.
The use of Kisan Drones is being promoted for crop 
assessment, digitisation of land records, and spraying of 
insecticides and nutrients. This technology allows farmers 
to monitor their crops more efficiently, identify issues 
early, and take necessary actions promptly. Moreover, 
Kisan Drones can help in enhancing crop yields by 
providing detailed data on crop health. This data can help 
farmers in identifying areas that require attention, thereby 
improving their crop yields and increasing their profits. 
In addition to this, Kisan Drones can also help 
in reducing costs by identifying areas of the farm that 
require attention, thereby reducing the need for manual 
labour and the use of pesticides and other chemicals. 
Boost for Rural Economy
Drones prove valuable across various industries, 
yet their influence on agriculture, and consequently, the 
rural economy, is a subject of significant interest and 
harbors considerable promise. Thanks to their versatile 
capabilities, they have the potential to transcend 
and address challenges associated with the lack of 
infrastructure and continuous power supply in India's 
rural heartland. 
Enhanced Operational Efficiency: By swiftly covering 
expansive agricultural landscapes, drones empower 
Page 4


Kurukshetra         January  2024 34 The author is a columnist and senior technology professional. Email: balendu@gmail.com
Balendu Sharma Dadhich
decade ago, the idea that drones 
would usher in a transformative 
revolution in the agriculture industry 
within the next ten years seemed 
unimaginable. However, this is now 
a reality. What's even more surprising is the growing  
interest in drones in countries like India, which 
traditionally held onto conventional agricultural 
practices. Drones are making headlines for various 
reasons, including their potential to revolutionise Indian 
agriculture and rural economies. They have the potential 
to play a pivotal role in modernising farming practices and 
creating unprecedented job opportunities, especially 
for youth and women—something considered nearly 
impossible just a few years ago. The Indian government 
is actively promoting a drone culture nationwide, and 
the field is witnessing remarkable innovations, ranging 
from cost-effectiveness to enhanced manageability 
and multipurpose functionality. India is on the brink of 
A
Drone Revolution Drone Revolution 
Changing the Face of Changing the Face of 
Rural India Rural India
a drone revolution that not only stands to reshape the 
rural economy but also has the potential to profoundly 
impact and improve countless lives. 
There are interesting examples of many countries 
utilising drone technology to revolutionise agricultural 
practices and boost rural economies. In Africa, drones 
are being used to support small-scale farmers in 
Mozambique and agribusiness in Morocco. Japan is one 
of the most notable countries that has incorporated 
agricultural drones to help rice farmers maximise their 
yield. Its scientists have even developed insect-sized 
drones capable of pollinating flowers, mimicking the 
role of bees. In Europe, Spain is at the forefront of using 
drones in agriculture, where drones are being used in 
activities ranging from crop monitoring to precision 
farming. Similarly, China and Indonesia are taking 
steps to boost the demand for drones in agriculture. 
Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia have implemented 
laws regarding the use of drones. India, too, is being 
Given the global enthusiasm for 
employing drones in agricultural 
activities, India is actively exploring 
and promoting drone technology. 
This is because these cost-effective, 
unmanned aerial vehicles hold 
promise to address various challenges 
and issues prevalent in Indian 
agriculture. The Indian Government 
has initiated several schemes to 
promote the drone industry within 
the country, and many of these are 
especially relevant to agriculture, 
rural society, and rural economy.
35 Kurukshetra         January  2024
increasingly referred to as a land with huge potential 
to leverage the power of drones in agriculture and non-
agriculture sectors. 
A Bright Outlook
Within the realm of agriculture, drones are 
projected to contribute approximately 7 billion USD to the 
global economy. This optimistic outlook holds significant 
promise for the worldwide agricultural sector. The rate 
of adoption, however, exhibits notable variations across 
countries. In the United States, a staggering 84 per cent 
of farmers utilise drones on a daily or weekly basis, with 
approximately 73 per cent employing them for crop 
monitoring and 43 per cent for soil and field analysis. In 
contrast, the adoption rate in developing nations such as 
India remains considerably lower . 
Things are changing fast, however. Given the 
global enthusiasm for employing drones in agricultural 
activities, India is actively exploring and promoting 
drone technology. This is because these cost-effective, 
unmanned aerial vehicles hold promise to address various 
challenges and issues prevalent in Indian agriculture. 
The realisation of their importance is evident from what 
Prime Minister Narendra Modi said while inaugurating 
India's biggest drone expo in May 2022. He said, "I want 
to see a drone in every farm and a phone in every hand." 
While the technology is in its early stages in India, 
numerous companies are making efforts to ensure 
its accessibility to Indian farmers. They aim to make it 
readily available for use, with the intention of enhancing 
efficiency in agricultural production. As per projections 
from the Ministry of Civil Aviation, the drone industry 
in India is expected to experience significant growth, 
reaching a turnover of Rs. 12,000-15,000 crore by 2026.
As of June 2023, there are 333 drone startups in 
India. This number represents a significant increase from 
the previous year , as India witnessed a 34.4% surge in the 
number of drone or UAV startups between August 2021 
and February 2022. This growth is a testament to the 
burgeoning drone industry in the country, with startups 
exploring various applications of drone technology in 
sectors, such as agriculture, defense, and more.
Initiatives to Promote the Drone Culture
The bright prospects are not without a reason. 
The Indian Government has initiated several schemes 
to promote the drone industry within the country, and 
many of these are especially relevant to agriculture, rural 
society, and rural economy. These schemes encompass 
various aspects of the sector. Here are some of the 
schemes, initiatives, and incentives that the Government 
has introduced: 
Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme: The PLI 
scheme for drones and drone components offers 
incentives to manufacturers in this domain. Its objective 
is to stimulate significant growth in the emerging 
drone sector, potentially generating over 10,000 direct 
jobs within the next three years. Projections indicate 
substantial growth in the annual sales turnover of the 
drone manufacturing industry, from Rs. 60 crore in 
2020-21 to over Rs. 900 crore in FY 2023-24. The drone 
services industry, encompassing operations, logistics, 
data processing, and traffic management, is anticipated 
to scale even higher, reaching over Rs. 30,000 crore in 
the next three years.
Scheme for Women Self-Help Groups (SHGs): With 
an allocated outlay of Rs. 1,261 crore for the period 
from 2024-25 to 2025-26, this scheme focuses on 
providing drones to women self-help groups (SHGs) 
engaged in agriculture. The drones are intended to 
assist with crop monitoring, yield estimation, and 
various other agricultural activities. By empowering 
women in agriculture, this scheme aims to enhance 
the drone industry's growth and create employment 
opportunities.
Ban on Drone Imports: In a move to bolster the domestic 
drone industry, the Indian Government has imposed a 
ban on the import of drones and drone components. This 
strategic measure is anticipated to fuel the growth of the 
local drone manufacturing industry and subsequently 
lead to the creation of job opportunities.
Drone Shakti Scheme for Startups: This scheme 
targets startups within the drone industry, offering 
financial assistance for research and development, 
product development, and marketing. By providing 
crucial support to startups, the scheme aims to foster 
innovation, growth, and employment opportunities 
within the drone sector .
The Drone Rules, 2021: T o regulate the drone industry in 
India, the Government has introduced ‘The Drone Rules, 
2021’. These rules establish a comprehensive regulatory 
framework for drone operations within the country. 
Additionally, the Digital Sky Platform serves as an online 
Kurukshetra         January  2024 36
registration platform for drones and drone operators, 
streamlining the regulatory process.
Certification scheme: In tandem with its comprehensive 
initiatives to boost the drone industry, the Government 
of India has introduced a certification scheme for 
agricultural drones. Effective from 26 January 2022, this 
scheme allows agricultural drones to carry payloads 
excluding chemicals or other liquids utilised in spraying 
activities. The application of such liquids is permissible 
when adhering to relevant rules and regulations.
Drones in Agricultural Research: In a noteworthy 
development on 16 November 2020, the Indian 
Government granted the International Crops Research 
Institute (ICRISAT) permission to utilise drones for 
agricultural research activities. This strategic move seeks 
to inspire emerging researchers and entrepreneurs to 
explore cost-effective drone solutions for more than 
6.6 lakh Indian villages, aligning with the broader vision 
of fostering innovation and technology adoption in 
agriculture.
SMAM: The Indian Government is also providing 
financial assistance for the purchase of drones under 
the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) 
for its demonstration on the farmer’s field. Under the 
scheme, farmers are provided with the benefit of 
subsidies ranging from 50 to 80 per cent for buying 
agricultural machinery. Under the scheme, priority is 
given to women farmers.
These initiatives collectively reflect the Indian 
Government's commitment to nurturing a robust and 
sustainable ecosystem for the drone industry, ensuring 
both regulatory compliance and economic advancement. 
The Advent of Kisan Drones
Kisan Drones, as part of the Indian Government's 
initiative to spark a rural drone revolution, are set to 
revolutionise the agricultural sector in India. These 
drones are aimed at helping farmers in various aspects of 
farming, from crop health analysis to pesticide spraying. 
The advent of Kisan Drones has indeed ushered in a new 
era in the field of agriculture, transforming traditional 
practices, and paving the way for a more efficient and 
safer approach to farming. The conventional method of 
spraying pesticides and liquid fertilisers, which involves 
the use of hand-held back-strapped pumps, is not only 
laborious and time-consuming but also poses significant 
risks due to the presence of poisonous reptiles and 
potential threats from wild animals in the fields.
The use of Kisan Drones is being promoted for crop 
assessment, digitisation of land records, and spraying of 
insecticides and nutrients. This technology allows farmers 
to monitor their crops more efficiently, identify issues 
early, and take necessary actions promptly. Moreover, 
Kisan Drones can help in enhancing crop yields by 
providing detailed data on crop health. This data can help 
farmers in identifying areas that require attention, thereby 
improving their crop yields and increasing their profits. 
In addition to this, Kisan Drones can also help 
in reducing costs by identifying areas of the farm that 
require attention, thereby reducing the need for manual 
labour and the use of pesticides and other chemicals. 
Boost for Rural Economy
Drones prove valuable across various industries, 
yet their influence on agriculture, and consequently, the 
rural economy, is a subject of significant interest and 
harbors considerable promise. Thanks to their versatile 
capabilities, they have the potential to transcend 
and address challenges associated with the lack of 
infrastructure and continuous power supply in India's 
rural heartland. 
Enhanced Operational Efficiency: By swiftly covering 
expansive agricultural landscapes, drones empower 
37 Kurukshetra         January  2024
farmers to efficiently gather data and monitor 
crops, enabling early issue detection, and prompt 
interventions.
Increased Crop Yields: Utilising drones to collect data 
on crop health facilitates farmers in identifying areas 
requiring attention. Addressing these concerns can 
lead to improved crop yields, ultimately augmenting 
profits.
Cost Reduction: Drones contribute to cost savings 
by pinpointing areas needing intervention, reducing 
reliance on manual labor, and minimising the usage of 
pesticides and other chemicals.
Job Creation: Initiatives like the NAMO Drone Didi 
scheme aim to train women in rural areas to become 
drone pilots, positioning them at the core of economic 
activity and contributing to rural prosperity.
Use Cases
Drones are multipurpose machines that can be 
used in various agricultural scenarios, ranging from crop 
sowing to crop monitoring. Here are some ways farmers 
can benefit from them: 
Precision Agriculture: This has been significantly 
reshaped by the integration of drones into field and soil 
assessment practices. These unmanned aerial vehicles, 
armed with advanced sensors, meticulously collect 
essential data for soil analysis. Whether it's before the 
planting season or after crop establishment, the insights 
gained serve as a foundation for informed decision-
making. From selecting the right crop species to planning 
planting patterns, drones contribute to what is known as 
precision farming. 
Planting and Crop Sowing: These practices have 
undergone a transformative shift with the introduction 
of drone technology. Addressing challenges associated 
with labor scarcity and the labor-intensive nature 
of these tasks, drones execute precise and efficient 
sowing across vast agricultural expanses. This modern 
approach not only significantly reduces planting 
costs—often up to 85 per cent compared to traditional 
methods—but also minimises the physical strain linked 
to on-the-ground planting. Through automated and 
programmed flight paths, drones distribute seeds 
with optimal spacing, depths, and patterns, ensuring a 
uniform crop establishment. Beyond economic benefits, 
this transformative technology accelerates planting 
operations, contributing to the overall efficiency and 
sustainability of large-scale agriculture.
Precision Spraying: In the realm of precision crop 
spraying, drones have emerged as technological catalysts, 
revolutionising the targeted and efficient application of 
agricultural inputs. Equipped with advanced sensors and 
imaging technologies, drones conduct real-time scans of 
crop fields, allowing for site-specific spraying of liquids 
like pesticides and nutrients. This method ensures 
precise application to specific target areas, optimising 
resource utilisation and minimising waste. Drones' agility 
enables swift coverage of expansive fields, completing 
aerial spraying up to five times faster than conventional 
methods. 
Crop Monitoring: This critical aspect of modern 
agriculture has found a reliable ally in drone technology. 
Drones provide a versatile and efficient means of 
assessing agricultural fields, addressing challenges 
associated with unpredictable weather and extremes in 
crop production. They offer real-time, high-resolution 
data for precise monitoring of crop development. By 
empowering farmers with comprehensive and timely 
information, drones enhance the precision and efficiency 
of crop monitoring, contributing to the overall resilience 
and productivity of modern farming systems.
Irrigation Management: The role of drones in irrigation 
management stands out as a valuable contribution to 
efficient water distribution in agriculture. Equipped with 
thermal sensing cameras, agricultural drones provide 
insights into soil moisture conditions, guiding precise 
water application. Identifying specific areas of the 
farm facing moisture-related challenges, drones enable 
farmers to make informed decisions about irrigation, 
ensuring water is applied precisely where and when 
needed. By avoiding over-irrigation or under-irrigation, 
farmers optimise water usage, conserve resources, and 
improve crop health.
Crop Health Assessment: Drones' impact extends to 
crop health assessment, offering a sophisticated and 
efficient method for monitoring crop well-being. The 
ability to detect potential health issues at an early 
stage allows for prompt and targeted interventions, 
safeguarding the crop and minimising the impact of 
diseases. Drones provide a comprehensive and real-
time view of the entire field, enabling farmers to 
implement preventive measures and optimise crop 
management strategies. This proactive approach to 
Page 5


Kurukshetra         January  2024 34 The author is a columnist and senior technology professional. Email: balendu@gmail.com
Balendu Sharma Dadhich
decade ago, the idea that drones 
would usher in a transformative 
revolution in the agriculture industry 
within the next ten years seemed 
unimaginable. However, this is now 
a reality. What's even more surprising is the growing  
interest in drones in countries like India, which 
traditionally held onto conventional agricultural 
practices. Drones are making headlines for various 
reasons, including their potential to revolutionise Indian 
agriculture and rural economies. They have the potential 
to play a pivotal role in modernising farming practices and 
creating unprecedented job opportunities, especially 
for youth and women—something considered nearly 
impossible just a few years ago. The Indian government 
is actively promoting a drone culture nationwide, and 
the field is witnessing remarkable innovations, ranging 
from cost-effectiveness to enhanced manageability 
and multipurpose functionality. India is on the brink of 
A
Drone Revolution Drone Revolution 
Changing the Face of Changing the Face of 
Rural India Rural India
a drone revolution that not only stands to reshape the 
rural economy but also has the potential to profoundly 
impact and improve countless lives. 
There are interesting examples of many countries 
utilising drone technology to revolutionise agricultural 
practices and boost rural economies. In Africa, drones 
are being used to support small-scale farmers in 
Mozambique and agribusiness in Morocco. Japan is one 
of the most notable countries that has incorporated 
agricultural drones to help rice farmers maximise their 
yield. Its scientists have even developed insect-sized 
drones capable of pollinating flowers, mimicking the 
role of bees. In Europe, Spain is at the forefront of using 
drones in agriculture, where drones are being used in 
activities ranging from crop monitoring to precision 
farming. Similarly, China and Indonesia are taking 
steps to boost the demand for drones in agriculture. 
Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia have implemented 
laws regarding the use of drones. India, too, is being 
Given the global enthusiasm for 
employing drones in agricultural 
activities, India is actively exploring 
and promoting drone technology. 
This is because these cost-effective, 
unmanned aerial vehicles hold 
promise to address various challenges 
and issues prevalent in Indian 
agriculture. The Indian Government 
has initiated several schemes to 
promote the drone industry within 
the country, and many of these are 
especially relevant to agriculture, 
rural society, and rural economy.
35 Kurukshetra         January  2024
increasingly referred to as a land with huge potential 
to leverage the power of drones in agriculture and non-
agriculture sectors. 
A Bright Outlook
Within the realm of agriculture, drones are 
projected to contribute approximately 7 billion USD to the 
global economy. This optimistic outlook holds significant 
promise for the worldwide agricultural sector. The rate 
of adoption, however, exhibits notable variations across 
countries. In the United States, a staggering 84 per cent 
of farmers utilise drones on a daily or weekly basis, with 
approximately 73 per cent employing them for crop 
monitoring and 43 per cent for soil and field analysis. In 
contrast, the adoption rate in developing nations such as 
India remains considerably lower . 
Things are changing fast, however. Given the 
global enthusiasm for employing drones in agricultural 
activities, India is actively exploring and promoting 
drone technology. This is because these cost-effective, 
unmanned aerial vehicles hold promise to address various 
challenges and issues prevalent in Indian agriculture. 
The realisation of their importance is evident from what 
Prime Minister Narendra Modi said while inaugurating 
India's biggest drone expo in May 2022. He said, "I want 
to see a drone in every farm and a phone in every hand." 
While the technology is in its early stages in India, 
numerous companies are making efforts to ensure 
its accessibility to Indian farmers. They aim to make it 
readily available for use, with the intention of enhancing 
efficiency in agricultural production. As per projections 
from the Ministry of Civil Aviation, the drone industry 
in India is expected to experience significant growth, 
reaching a turnover of Rs. 12,000-15,000 crore by 2026.
As of June 2023, there are 333 drone startups in 
India. This number represents a significant increase from 
the previous year , as India witnessed a 34.4% surge in the 
number of drone or UAV startups between August 2021 
and February 2022. This growth is a testament to the 
burgeoning drone industry in the country, with startups 
exploring various applications of drone technology in 
sectors, such as agriculture, defense, and more.
Initiatives to Promote the Drone Culture
The bright prospects are not without a reason. 
The Indian Government has initiated several schemes 
to promote the drone industry within the country, and 
many of these are especially relevant to agriculture, rural 
society, and rural economy. These schemes encompass 
various aspects of the sector. Here are some of the 
schemes, initiatives, and incentives that the Government 
has introduced: 
Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme: The PLI 
scheme for drones and drone components offers 
incentives to manufacturers in this domain. Its objective 
is to stimulate significant growth in the emerging 
drone sector, potentially generating over 10,000 direct 
jobs within the next three years. Projections indicate 
substantial growth in the annual sales turnover of the 
drone manufacturing industry, from Rs. 60 crore in 
2020-21 to over Rs. 900 crore in FY 2023-24. The drone 
services industry, encompassing operations, logistics, 
data processing, and traffic management, is anticipated 
to scale even higher, reaching over Rs. 30,000 crore in 
the next three years.
Scheme for Women Self-Help Groups (SHGs): With 
an allocated outlay of Rs. 1,261 crore for the period 
from 2024-25 to 2025-26, this scheme focuses on 
providing drones to women self-help groups (SHGs) 
engaged in agriculture. The drones are intended to 
assist with crop monitoring, yield estimation, and 
various other agricultural activities. By empowering 
women in agriculture, this scheme aims to enhance 
the drone industry's growth and create employment 
opportunities.
Ban on Drone Imports: In a move to bolster the domestic 
drone industry, the Indian Government has imposed a 
ban on the import of drones and drone components. This 
strategic measure is anticipated to fuel the growth of the 
local drone manufacturing industry and subsequently 
lead to the creation of job opportunities.
Drone Shakti Scheme for Startups: This scheme 
targets startups within the drone industry, offering 
financial assistance for research and development, 
product development, and marketing. By providing 
crucial support to startups, the scheme aims to foster 
innovation, growth, and employment opportunities 
within the drone sector .
The Drone Rules, 2021: T o regulate the drone industry in 
India, the Government has introduced ‘The Drone Rules, 
2021’. These rules establish a comprehensive regulatory 
framework for drone operations within the country. 
Additionally, the Digital Sky Platform serves as an online 
Kurukshetra         January  2024 36
registration platform for drones and drone operators, 
streamlining the regulatory process.
Certification scheme: In tandem with its comprehensive 
initiatives to boost the drone industry, the Government 
of India has introduced a certification scheme for 
agricultural drones. Effective from 26 January 2022, this 
scheme allows agricultural drones to carry payloads 
excluding chemicals or other liquids utilised in spraying 
activities. The application of such liquids is permissible 
when adhering to relevant rules and regulations.
Drones in Agricultural Research: In a noteworthy 
development on 16 November 2020, the Indian 
Government granted the International Crops Research 
Institute (ICRISAT) permission to utilise drones for 
agricultural research activities. This strategic move seeks 
to inspire emerging researchers and entrepreneurs to 
explore cost-effective drone solutions for more than 
6.6 lakh Indian villages, aligning with the broader vision 
of fostering innovation and technology adoption in 
agriculture.
SMAM: The Indian Government is also providing 
financial assistance for the purchase of drones under 
the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) 
for its demonstration on the farmer’s field. Under the 
scheme, farmers are provided with the benefit of 
subsidies ranging from 50 to 80 per cent for buying 
agricultural machinery. Under the scheme, priority is 
given to women farmers.
These initiatives collectively reflect the Indian 
Government's commitment to nurturing a robust and 
sustainable ecosystem for the drone industry, ensuring 
both regulatory compliance and economic advancement. 
The Advent of Kisan Drones
Kisan Drones, as part of the Indian Government's 
initiative to spark a rural drone revolution, are set to 
revolutionise the agricultural sector in India. These 
drones are aimed at helping farmers in various aspects of 
farming, from crop health analysis to pesticide spraying. 
The advent of Kisan Drones has indeed ushered in a new 
era in the field of agriculture, transforming traditional 
practices, and paving the way for a more efficient and 
safer approach to farming. The conventional method of 
spraying pesticides and liquid fertilisers, which involves 
the use of hand-held back-strapped pumps, is not only 
laborious and time-consuming but also poses significant 
risks due to the presence of poisonous reptiles and 
potential threats from wild animals in the fields.
The use of Kisan Drones is being promoted for crop 
assessment, digitisation of land records, and spraying of 
insecticides and nutrients. This technology allows farmers 
to monitor their crops more efficiently, identify issues 
early, and take necessary actions promptly. Moreover, 
Kisan Drones can help in enhancing crop yields by 
providing detailed data on crop health. This data can help 
farmers in identifying areas that require attention, thereby 
improving their crop yields and increasing their profits. 
In addition to this, Kisan Drones can also help 
in reducing costs by identifying areas of the farm that 
require attention, thereby reducing the need for manual 
labour and the use of pesticides and other chemicals. 
Boost for Rural Economy
Drones prove valuable across various industries, 
yet their influence on agriculture, and consequently, the 
rural economy, is a subject of significant interest and 
harbors considerable promise. Thanks to their versatile 
capabilities, they have the potential to transcend 
and address challenges associated with the lack of 
infrastructure and continuous power supply in India's 
rural heartland. 
Enhanced Operational Efficiency: By swiftly covering 
expansive agricultural landscapes, drones empower 
37 Kurukshetra         January  2024
farmers to efficiently gather data and monitor 
crops, enabling early issue detection, and prompt 
interventions.
Increased Crop Yields: Utilising drones to collect data 
on crop health facilitates farmers in identifying areas 
requiring attention. Addressing these concerns can 
lead to improved crop yields, ultimately augmenting 
profits.
Cost Reduction: Drones contribute to cost savings 
by pinpointing areas needing intervention, reducing 
reliance on manual labor, and minimising the usage of 
pesticides and other chemicals.
Job Creation: Initiatives like the NAMO Drone Didi 
scheme aim to train women in rural areas to become 
drone pilots, positioning them at the core of economic 
activity and contributing to rural prosperity.
Use Cases
Drones are multipurpose machines that can be 
used in various agricultural scenarios, ranging from crop 
sowing to crop monitoring. Here are some ways farmers 
can benefit from them: 
Precision Agriculture: This has been significantly 
reshaped by the integration of drones into field and soil 
assessment practices. These unmanned aerial vehicles, 
armed with advanced sensors, meticulously collect 
essential data for soil analysis. Whether it's before the 
planting season or after crop establishment, the insights 
gained serve as a foundation for informed decision-
making. From selecting the right crop species to planning 
planting patterns, drones contribute to what is known as 
precision farming. 
Planting and Crop Sowing: These practices have 
undergone a transformative shift with the introduction 
of drone technology. Addressing challenges associated 
with labor scarcity and the labor-intensive nature 
of these tasks, drones execute precise and efficient 
sowing across vast agricultural expanses. This modern 
approach not only significantly reduces planting 
costs—often up to 85 per cent compared to traditional 
methods—but also minimises the physical strain linked 
to on-the-ground planting. Through automated and 
programmed flight paths, drones distribute seeds 
with optimal spacing, depths, and patterns, ensuring a 
uniform crop establishment. Beyond economic benefits, 
this transformative technology accelerates planting 
operations, contributing to the overall efficiency and 
sustainability of large-scale agriculture.
Precision Spraying: In the realm of precision crop 
spraying, drones have emerged as technological catalysts, 
revolutionising the targeted and efficient application of 
agricultural inputs. Equipped with advanced sensors and 
imaging technologies, drones conduct real-time scans of 
crop fields, allowing for site-specific spraying of liquids 
like pesticides and nutrients. This method ensures 
precise application to specific target areas, optimising 
resource utilisation and minimising waste. Drones' agility 
enables swift coverage of expansive fields, completing 
aerial spraying up to five times faster than conventional 
methods. 
Crop Monitoring: This critical aspect of modern 
agriculture has found a reliable ally in drone technology. 
Drones provide a versatile and efficient means of 
assessing agricultural fields, addressing challenges 
associated with unpredictable weather and extremes in 
crop production. They offer real-time, high-resolution 
data for precise monitoring of crop development. By 
empowering farmers with comprehensive and timely 
information, drones enhance the precision and efficiency 
of crop monitoring, contributing to the overall resilience 
and productivity of modern farming systems.
Irrigation Management: The role of drones in irrigation 
management stands out as a valuable contribution to 
efficient water distribution in agriculture. Equipped with 
thermal sensing cameras, agricultural drones provide 
insights into soil moisture conditions, guiding precise 
water application. Identifying specific areas of the 
farm facing moisture-related challenges, drones enable 
farmers to make informed decisions about irrigation, 
ensuring water is applied precisely where and when 
needed. By avoiding over-irrigation or under-irrigation, 
farmers optimise water usage, conserve resources, and 
improve crop health.
Crop Health Assessment: Drones' impact extends to 
crop health assessment, offering a sophisticated and 
efficient method for monitoring crop well-being. The 
ability to detect potential health issues at an early 
stage allows for prompt and targeted interventions, 
safeguarding the crop and minimising the impact of 
diseases. Drones provide a comprehensive and real-
time view of the entire field, enabling farmers to 
implement preventive measures and optimise crop 
management strategies. This proactive approach to 
Kurukshetra         January  2024 38
crop health assessment, facilitated by drone technology , 
contributes to improved yields and sustainable 
agricultural practices.
Pros and Cons
Agri-drones in Indian agriculture bring several 
advantages, enhancing security, efficiency, and cost-
effectiveness. Trained drone pilots operate these 
devices, minimising the risk of misuse. The high 
efficiency of drones, working at double the speed of 
human labor without operational delays, contributes 
to timely and effective agricultural practices. 
Furthermore, the use of ultra-low volume (ULV) 
spraying technology in agricultural drones leads to 
significant water savings compared to traditional 
spraying methods. The low cost and easy maintenance 
of agri-drones, featuring sturdy designs, detachable 
containers, low-cost frames, and precise pesticide 
spraying capabilities, make them accessible and 
practical for Indian farmers.
However, there are notable limitations to agri-
drones in Indian agricultural contexts. Connectivity 
issues in rural areas, where online coverage may be 
limited, pose a challenge. Farmers may need to invest in 
internet connectivity, introducing additional recurring 
expenses. Weather dependency is another critical 
factor, as drones are highly reliant on favorable weather 
conditions. Flying drones during rainy or windy weather 
is not advisable, affecting their operational efficiency. 
Moreover, the knowledge and skill required for 
using drone technology daily can be a hurdle for the 
average farmer. Acquiring the necessary expertise 
becomes essential, and farmers may find themselves 
dependent on individuals with experience in drone 
operations, highlighting the need for training and 
education in this emerging technology. Given the 
strong government focus, regulatory backing, liberal 
incentives, and appropriate training programmes, 
drones have the potential to revolutionise Indian 
agriculture, playing a pivotal role in uplifting the rural 
economy.                                                                             ?