Kurukshetra Magazine March 2024 - 1 | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


1 Kurukshetra       March  2024
Page 2


1 Kurukshetra       March  2024 3 Kurukshetra       March  2024
A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 72 | No. 5 | Pages 52 | March 2024
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of 
Rural Development to all people. It serves as 
a forum for free, frank and serious discussion 
on the problems of Rural Development with 
special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the 
articles are their own. They do not necessarily 
reflect the views of the Government or the 
organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims 
in the advertisements regarding career 
guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra 
does not own responsibility. Maps used are 
for illustration & study purpose and may not 
strictly conform to the official map. Images, 
graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are 
mostly sourced from government channels 
and are indicative in nature. Final Editing 
rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
(011-24365609); Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? ? Mumbai - 701, C-Wing, 7
th
 Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 (022-27570686)  
? Chennai - ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) ? Thiruvananthapuram - Press 
Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650) ? Hyderabad - Room No. 204, 2
nd
 Floor, C.G.O. 
Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383) ? Bengaluru - Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, 
Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244) ? Patna - Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 
(0612-2675823) ? Lucknow - Hall No. 1, 2
nd
 Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455) 
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4
th
 Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, 
Ashram Road, Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669) 
CHIEF EDITOR 
Kulshrestha Kamal
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Pavnesh Kumar Bind
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453, FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play  
or Amazon.
Subscription 
1 Year : ` 230
Contents
17
23
5
36
46
36
Organic Farming
Benefits, Present Status and Future 
Prospects
Dr. H.L. Sharma
Dr. Shyam Lal
Opportunities in Dairy and 
Fisheries Sector
Dr. Debabrata Samanta 
Nitish Nigam
41
12
Bamboo Farming
Growing Methods and Reaping Benefits
Bhuwan Bhaskar
5
Adoption of Digital and Innovative 
Farming Techniques
Souvik Ghosh  
Shreya Anand
23 Apiculture
Scope and Opportunities
Dr. Dheeraj Kumar Tiwari
Dr. Shailesh Kumar Mishra
17 Mushroom Cultivation
A Fruitful and Lucrative Industry
Dr. Harender Raj Gautam
Dr. Dharmesh Gupta
32 Floriculture and Commercial 
Potential of Orchids 
A Blossoming Business Opportunity
Ajay Kumar Singh
Pankaj Kumar Ojha 
46
Vertical Farming and Hydroponics
Future Urban Agriculture
Dr. Y S Shivay 
Kadapa Sreenivasa Reddy
Page 3


1 Kurukshetra       March  2024 3 Kurukshetra       March  2024
A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 72 | No. 5 | Pages 52 | March 2024
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of 
Rural Development to all people. It serves as 
a forum for free, frank and serious discussion 
on the problems of Rural Development with 
special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the 
articles are their own. They do not necessarily 
reflect the views of the Government or the 
organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims 
in the advertisements regarding career 
guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra 
does not own responsibility. Maps used are 
for illustration & study purpose and may not 
strictly conform to the official map. Images, 
graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are 
mostly sourced from government channels 
and are indicative in nature. Final Editing 
rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
(011-24365609); Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? ? Mumbai - 701, C-Wing, 7
th
 Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 (022-27570686)  
? Chennai - ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) ? Thiruvananthapuram - Press 
Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650) ? Hyderabad - Room No. 204, 2
nd
 Floor, C.G.O. 
Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383) ? Bengaluru - Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, 
Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244) ? Patna - Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 
(0612-2675823) ? Lucknow - Hall No. 1, 2
nd
 Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455) 
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4
th
 Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, 
Ashram Road, Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669) 
CHIEF EDITOR 
Kulshrestha Kamal
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Pavnesh Kumar Bind
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453, FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play  
or Amazon.
Subscription 
1 Year : ` 230
Contents
17
23
5
36
46
36
Organic Farming
Benefits, Present Status and Future 
Prospects
Dr. H.L. Sharma
Dr. Shyam Lal
Opportunities in Dairy and 
Fisheries Sector
Dr. Debabrata Samanta 
Nitish Nigam
41
12
Bamboo Farming
Growing Methods and Reaping Benefits
Bhuwan Bhaskar
5
Adoption of Digital and Innovative 
Farming Techniques
Souvik Ghosh  
Shreya Anand
23 Apiculture
Scope and Opportunities
Dr. Dheeraj Kumar Tiwari
Dr. Shailesh Kumar Mishra
17 Mushroom Cultivation
A Fruitful and Lucrative Industry
Dr. Harender Raj Gautam
Dr. Dharmesh Gupta
32 Floriculture and Commercial 
Potential of Orchids 
A Blossoming Business Opportunity
Ajay Kumar Singh
Pankaj Kumar Ojha 
46
Vertical Farming and Hydroponics
Future Urban Agriculture
Dr. Y S Shivay 
Kadapa Sreenivasa Reddy
4 Kurukshetra       March  2024
In a time when there is a growing need for both profitable agricultural operations and 
sustainable food production, the farming industry has changed dramatically. Successful agricultural 
businesses nowadays have to handle a complicated web of obstacles, such as shifting market dynamics, 
environmental issues, and technological breakthroughs. The pursuit of profitability, which is at the 
core of this evolution, calls for creativity , resiliency , and a sharp awareness of new trends.
As we embark on this journey of exploration and discovery within the realm of Profitable 
Farming, it is imperative to recognise the multifaceted nature of the agricultural sector. The 
article ‘ Adoption of Digital and Innovative Farming Techniques’ discusses how innovative farming 
practices are ushering in a new agricultural era, which bring a remarkable transformation through 
the combination of cutting-edge technologies and novel approaches. The article also attempts to 
explain how the FPOs facilitate the connection between farmers, their produce, and the market, 
transforming the entire agricultural value chain, from upstream activities like planting and 
inputs to downstream ones like post-harvest handling and value addition, presenting a significant 
opportunity for digital agriculture.
The incorporation of technology is one of the main factors influencing the profitability 
of contemporary farming endeavours. Technological breakthroughs offer unparalleled efficiency 
improvements and resource optimisation in a variety of fields, including robotic automation, data 
analytics, precision agriculture, and vertical farming systems. Farmers may optimise their bottom 
line by streamlining processes, minimising waste, and increasing productivity by utilising digital 
tools and state-of-the-art solutions.
Moreover, farming endeavours must combine a dedication to sustainability with a desire 
of profitability. Farmers are essential to the preservation of natural resources, the mitigation of 
climate change, and the advancement of biodiversity since they are stewards of the land. The 
authors in the article ‘Organic Farming: Benefits, Present Status, and Future Prospects’ comprehend 
on a multitude of benefits that organic farming contributes to the overall well-being of the 
environment, society, and economy. They further discuss that the atmosphere needed for the 
widespread adoption of organic methods will be created by bolstering current programmes, 
offering financial incentives, and addressing the difficulties farmers confront.
Apart from innovation in technology and sustainability, diversity is deemed essential for 
successful farming endeavours. Farmers can reduce their exposure to market volatility and external 
shocks by diversifying their product offerings, markets, and revenue streams. 
This issue of Kurukshetra also provides insight into the multifaceted world of ‘Bamboo 
Farming’, ‘Mushroom Cultivation’, ‘ Apiculture’, and ‘Floriculture and Commercial Potential of Orchids’, 
exploring their commercial potential, the variables influencing their development, and the 
particular opportunities and challenges that promise a vibrant future for growers, exporters, and 
enthusiasts alike. 
In order to achieve profitability in farming ventures, a comprehensive strategy that 
incorporates technical innovation, sustainability, and diversity is needed. Through the adoption of 
these concepts and the utilisation of teamwork, modern farmers may set themselves up for success 
in a world that is changing quickly.  
Page 4


1 Kurukshetra       March  2024 3 Kurukshetra       March  2024
A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 72 | No. 5 | Pages 52 | March 2024
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of 
Rural Development to all people. It serves as 
a forum for free, frank and serious discussion 
on the problems of Rural Development with 
special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the 
articles are their own. They do not necessarily 
reflect the views of the Government or the 
organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims 
in the advertisements regarding career 
guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra 
does not own responsibility. Maps used are 
for illustration & study purpose and may not 
strictly conform to the official map. Images, 
graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are 
mostly sourced from government channels 
and are indicative in nature. Final Editing 
rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
(011-24365609); Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? ? Mumbai - 701, C-Wing, 7
th
 Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 (022-27570686)  
? Chennai - ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) ? Thiruvananthapuram - Press 
Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650) ? Hyderabad - Room No. 204, 2
nd
 Floor, C.G.O. 
Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383) ? Bengaluru - Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, 
Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244) ? Patna - Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 
(0612-2675823) ? Lucknow - Hall No. 1, 2
nd
 Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455) 
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4
th
 Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, 
Ashram Road, Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669) 
CHIEF EDITOR 
Kulshrestha Kamal
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Pavnesh Kumar Bind
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453, FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play  
or Amazon.
Subscription 
1 Year : ` 230
Contents
17
23
5
36
46
36
Organic Farming
Benefits, Present Status and Future 
Prospects
Dr. H.L. Sharma
Dr. Shyam Lal
Opportunities in Dairy and 
Fisheries Sector
Dr. Debabrata Samanta 
Nitish Nigam
41
12
Bamboo Farming
Growing Methods and Reaping Benefits
Bhuwan Bhaskar
5
Adoption of Digital and Innovative 
Farming Techniques
Souvik Ghosh  
Shreya Anand
23 Apiculture
Scope and Opportunities
Dr. Dheeraj Kumar Tiwari
Dr. Shailesh Kumar Mishra
17 Mushroom Cultivation
A Fruitful and Lucrative Industry
Dr. Harender Raj Gautam
Dr. Dharmesh Gupta
32 Floriculture and Commercial 
Potential of Orchids 
A Blossoming Business Opportunity
Ajay Kumar Singh
Pankaj Kumar Ojha 
46
Vertical Farming and Hydroponics
Future Urban Agriculture
Dr. Y S Shivay 
Kadapa Sreenivasa Reddy
4 Kurukshetra       March  2024
In a time when there is a growing need for both profitable agricultural operations and 
sustainable food production, the farming industry has changed dramatically. Successful agricultural 
businesses nowadays have to handle a complicated web of obstacles, such as shifting market dynamics, 
environmental issues, and technological breakthroughs. The pursuit of profitability, which is at the 
core of this evolution, calls for creativity , resiliency , and a sharp awareness of new trends.
As we embark on this journey of exploration and discovery within the realm of Profitable 
Farming, it is imperative to recognise the multifaceted nature of the agricultural sector. The 
article ‘ Adoption of Digital and Innovative Farming Techniques’ discusses how innovative farming 
practices are ushering in a new agricultural era, which bring a remarkable transformation through 
the combination of cutting-edge technologies and novel approaches. The article also attempts to 
explain how the FPOs facilitate the connection between farmers, their produce, and the market, 
transforming the entire agricultural value chain, from upstream activities like planting and 
inputs to downstream ones like post-harvest handling and value addition, presenting a significant 
opportunity for digital agriculture.
The incorporation of technology is one of the main factors influencing the profitability 
of contemporary farming endeavours. Technological breakthroughs offer unparalleled efficiency 
improvements and resource optimisation in a variety of fields, including robotic automation, data 
analytics, precision agriculture, and vertical farming systems. Farmers may optimise their bottom 
line by streamlining processes, minimising waste, and increasing productivity by utilising digital 
tools and state-of-the-art solutions.
Moreover, farming endeavours must combine a dedication to sustainability with a desire 
of profitability. Farmers are essential to the preservation of natural resources, the mitigation of 
climate change, and the advancement of biodiversity since they are stewards of the land. The 
authors in the article ‘Organic Farming: Benefits, Present Status, and Future Prospects’ comprehend 
on a multitude of benefits that organic farming contributes to the overall well-being of the 
environment, society, and economy. They further discuss that the atmosphere needed for the 
widespread adoption of organic methods will be created by bolstering current programmes, 
offering financial incentives, and addressing the difficulties farmers confront.
Apart from innovation in technology and sustainability, diversity is deemed essential for 
successful farming endeavours. Farmers can reduce their exposure to market volatility and external 
shocks by diversifying their product offerings, markets, and revenue streams. 
This issue of Kurukshetra also provides insight into the multifaceted world of ‘Bamboo 
Farming’, ‘Mushroom Cultivation’, ‘ Apiculture’, and ‘Floriculture and Commercial Potential of Orchids’, 
exploring their commercial potential, the variables influencing their development, and the 
particular opportunities and challenges that promise a vibrant future for growers, exporters, and 
enthusiasts alike. 
In order to achieve profitability in farming ventures, a comprehensive strategy that 
incorporates technical innovation, sustainability, and diversity is needed. Through the adoption of 
these concepts and the utilisation of teamwork, modern farmers may set themselves up for success 
in a world that is changing quickly.  
5 Kurukshetra       March  2024
* Souvik Ghosh  
** Shreya Anand
* The author is Professor at the Department of Agricultural Extension, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), 
Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Sriniketan. Email: souvik.ghosh@visva-bharati.ac.in
** The author is Doctoral Scholar at the Department of Agricultural Extension, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of 
Agriculture), Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Sriniketan. Email: shreya6anand@gmail.com
Digitalisation is crucial for Indian agriculture to enhance competitiveness and achieve 
self-sustainability. With the advent of FPOs in India, there is a great opportunity for 
digital agriculture to cover the whole agricultural value chain, from upstream 
operations like cultivation and inputs to downstream activities like 
post-harvest handling and value addition like food processing. The 
FPOs facilitate the connection between farmers, their 
produce, and the market.
griculture has undergone a 
series of revolutions that have 
increased efficiency, production, 
and profitability to unprecedented 
levels. The present decade has been 
witnessing the emergence of a 'digital agricultural 
revolution' as the latest transformation, poised to 
address the numerous challenges of agriculture and the 
food sector caused by a growing population, resulting 
in increased demand for food and an increasingly 
limited availability of natural resources such as fertile 
land and fresh water. To achieve the UN Sustainable 
Development Goal of a 'world with zero hunger' by 
2030, the existing agrifood system must be transformed 
into one that is more productive, sustainable, efficient, 
and resilient. In this setting, digital agriculture has the 
potential to generate economic benefits by increasing 
agricultural output, improving cost efficiency, and 
expanding market prospects. It can also have a positive 
impact on society and culture by encouraging more 
communication and inclusion. Furthermore, digital 
agriculture benefits the environment by improving 
resource utilisation and promoting climate change 
adaptation (FAO, 2019).
A
Adoption of Digital and Innovative Farming Techniques
Adoption of Digital and Innovative Farming Techniques
Page 5


1 Kurukshetra       March  2024 3 Kurukshetra       March  2024
A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 72 | No. 5 | Pages 52 | March 2024
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of 
Rural Development to all people. It serves as 
a forum for free, frank and serious discussion 
on the problems of Rural Development with 
special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the 
articles are their own. They do not necessarily 
reflect the views of the Government or the 
organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims 
in the advertisements regarding career 
guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra 
does not own responsibility. Maps used are 
for illustration & study purpose and may not 
strictly conform to the official map. Images, 
graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are 
mostly sourced from government channels 
and are indicative in nature. Final Editing 
rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
(011-24365609); Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? ? Mumbai - 701, C-Wing, 7
th
 Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 (022-27570686)  
? Chennai - ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) ? Thiruvananthapuram - Press 
Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650) ? Hyderabad - Room No. 204, 2
nd
 Floor, C.G.O. 
Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383) ? Bengaluru - Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, 
Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244) ? Patna - Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 
(0612-2675823) ? Lucknow - Hall No. 1, 2
nd
 Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455) 
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4
th
 Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, 
Ashram Road, Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669) 
CHIEF EDITOR 
Kulshrestha Kamal
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Pavnesh Kumar Bind
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453, FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play  
or Amazon.
Subscription 
1 Year : ` 230
Contents
17
23
5
36
46
36
Organic Farming
Benefits, Present Status and Future 
Prospects
Dr. H.L. Sharma
Dr. Shyam Lal
Opportunities in Dairy and 
Fisheries Sector
Dr. Debabrata Samanta 
Nitish Nigam
41
12
Bamboo Farming
Growing Methods and Reaping Benefits
Bhuwan Bhaskar
5
Adoption of Digital and Innovative 
Farming Techniques
Souvik Ghosh  
Shreya Anand
23 Apiculture
Scope and Opportunities
Dr. Dheeraj Kumar Tiwari
Dr. Shailesh Kumar Mishra
17 Mushroom Cultivation
A Fruitful and Lucrative Industry
Dr. Harender Raj Gautam
Dr. Dharmesh Gupta
32 Floriculture and Commercial 
Potential of Orchids 
A Blossoming Business Opportunity
Ajay Kumar Singh
Pankaj Kumar Ojha 
46
Vertical Farming and Hydroponics
Future Urban Agriculture
Dr. Y S Shivay 
Kadapa Sreenivasa Reddy
4 Kurukshetra       March  2024
In a time when there is a growing need for both profitable agricultural operations and 
sustainable food production, the farming industry has changed dramatically. Successful agricultural 
businesses nowadays have to handle a complicated web of obstacles, such as shifting market dynamics, 
environmental issues, and technological breakthroughs. The pursuit of profitability, which is at the 
core of this evolution, calls for creativity , resiliency , and a sharp awareness of new trends.
As we embark on this journey of exploration and discovery within the realm of Profitable 
Farming, it is imperative to recognise the multifaceted nature of the agricultural sector. The 
article ‘ Adoption of Digital and Innovative Farming Techniques’ discusses how innovative farming 
practices are ushering in a new agricultural era, which bring a remarkable transformation through 
the combination of cutting-edge technologies and novel approaches. The article also attempts to 
explain how the FPOs facilitate the connection between farmers, their produce, and the market, 
transforming the entire agricultural value chain, from upstream activities like planting and 
inputs to downstream ones like post-harvest handling and value addition, presenting a significant 
opportunity for digital agriculture.
The incorporation of technology is one of the main factors influencing the profitability 
of contemporary farming endeavours. Technological breakthroughs offer unparalleled efficiency 
improvements and resource optimisation in a variety of fields, including robotic automation, data 
analytics, precision agriculture, and vertical farming systems. Farmers may optimise their bottom 
line by streamlining processes, minimising waste, and increasing productivity by utilising digital 
tools and state-of-the-art solutions.
Moreover, farming endeavours must combine a dedication to sustainability with a desire 
of profitability. Farmers are essential to the preservation of natural resources, the mitigation of 
climate change, and the advancement of biodiversity since they are stewards of the land. The 
authors in the article ‘Organic Farming: Benefits, Present Status, and Future Prospects’ comprehend 
on a multitude of benefits that organic farming contributes to the overall well-being of the 
environment, society, and economy. They further discuss that the atmosphere needed for the 
widespread adoption of organic methods will be created by bolstering current programmes, 
offering financial incentives, and addressing the difficulties farmers confront.
Apart from innovation in technology and sustainability, diversity is deemed essential for 
successful farming endeavours. Farmers can reduce their exposure to market volatility and external 
shocks by diversifying their product offerings, markets, and revenue streams. 
This issue of Kurukshetra also provides insight into the multifaceted world of ‘Bamboo 
Farming’, ‘Mushroom Cultivation’, ‘ Apiculture’, and ‘Floriculture and Commercial Potential of Orchids’, 
exploring their commercial potential, the variables influencing their development, and the 
particular opportunities and challenges that promise a vibrant future for growers, exporters, and 
enthusiasts alike. 
In order to achieve profitability in farming ventures, a comprehensive strategy that 
incorporates technical innovation, sustainability, and diversity is needed. Through the adoption of 
these concepts and the utilisation of teamwork, modern farmers may set themselves up for success 
in a world that is changing quickly.  
5 Kurukshetra       March  2024
* Souvik Ghosh  
** Shreya Anand
* The author is Professor at the Department of Agricultural Extension, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), 
Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Sriniketan. Email: souvik.ghosh@visva-bharati.ac.in
** The author is Doctoral Scholar at the Department of Agricultural Extension, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of 
Agriculture), Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Sriniketan. Email: shreya6anand@gmail.com
Digitalisation is crucial for Indian agriculture to enhance competitiveness and achieve 
self-sustainability. With the advent of FPOs in India, there is a great opportunity for 
digital agriculture to cover the whole agricultural value chain, from upstream 
operations like cultivation and inputs to downstream activities like 
post-harvest handling and value addition like food processing. The 
FPOs facilitate the connection between farmers, their 
produce, and the market.
griculture has undergone a 
series of revolutions that have 
increased efficiency, production, 
and profitability to unprecedented 
levels. The present decade has been 
witnessing the emergence of a 'digital agricultural 
revolution' as the latest transformation, poised to 
address the numerous challenges of agriculture and the 
food sector caused by a growing population, resulting 
in increased demand for food and an increasingly 
limited availability of natural resources such as fertile 
land and fresh water. To achieve the UN Sustainable 
Development Goal of a 'world with zero hunger' by 
2030, the existing agrifood system must be transformed 
into one that is more productive, sustainable, efficient, 
and resilient. In this setting, digital agriculture has the 
potential to generate economic benefits by increasing 
agricultural output, improving cost efficiency, and 
expanding market prospects. It can also have a positive 
impact on society and culture by encouraging more 
communication and inclusion. Furthermore, digital 
agriculture benefits the environment by improving 
resource utilisation and promoting climate change 
adaptation (FAO, 2019).
A
Adoption of Digital and Innovative Farming Techniques
Adoption of Digital and Innovative Farming Techniques
6 Kurukshetra       March  2024
India ranks first in the production of milk, jute, 
and pulses, and second in wheat, rice, groundnut, 
vegetables, fruits, cotton, and sugarcane production. 
It is also one of the largest producers of fish, livestock, 
poultry, spices, and plantation crops (http://www.fao.
org/india/fao-in-india/india-at-a-glance/en). Thus, while 
output is not the most serious issue in Indian agriculture, 
small holdings lead to insufficient revenue for farmers. 
One option for increasing farmer incomes is to use 
digital technology in agriculture to increase the overall 
efficiency of agricultural production operations and the 
entire value chain. In the ever-changing agricultural 
landscape, the use of digital and new farming practices 
is transforming the way crops and cattle are farmed. 
As the population continues to grow, farmers have the 
problem of producing more food in a sustainable and 
effective manner. Digital technologies and novel farming 
techniques provide options for increasing productivity, 
lowering environmental impact, and ensuring food 
security for the growing population.
Innovative Farming Practices 
Innovative farming practices are ushering in a new 
agricultural era, one that is more sustainable, efficient, 
and resilient. It brings a remarkable transformation 
through the combination of cutting-edge technologies 
and novel approaches. 
Some of the emerging farming practices that are 
reshaping the future of agriculture are briefly discussed 
here.
1.  Precision Agriculture 
The International Society for Precision Agriculture, 
asserting itself as the sole global scientific society 
entirely dedicated to Precision Agriculture, defines it 
as a management approach that involves collecting, 
processing, and analysing temporal, spatial, and 
individual data. This data is then integrated with other 
information to aid management decisions based on 
estimated variability, aiming to enhance resource 
utilisation efficiency, productivity, quality, profitability, 
and sustainability in agricultural production (https://
ispag.org/site/newsletter/?id=90).   Precision agriculture 
is at the forefront of the digital farming revolution, 
utilising Global Positioning System (GPS), sensors, 
drones, and data analytics to improve numerous areas 
of farming. Precision agriculture allows farmers to 
precisely regulate inputs such as water, fertiliser, and 
pesticides, leading to higher efficiency and less waste. 
2.  Smart Farming 
Smart farming combines Internet of Things (IoT) 
devices with connectivity to form a networked and 
automated agricultural ecosystem comprised of sensors, 
actuators, and intelligent equipment that collect and 
exchange data in real time. It is a new term that refers to 
managing farms with IoT, robotics, drones, and artificial 
intelligence (AI) to boost the number and quality of 
products while optimising the human labour required for 
production. It specifically mentions sensors, software, 
networking, location (GPS, satellites, etc.), robots, and