Kurukshetra Magazine May 2024 - 1 | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 2


3 Kurukshetra       May  2024
A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 72 | No. 7 | Pages 52 | May 2024
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of 
Rural Development to all people. It serves as 
a forum for free, frank and serious discussion 
on the problems of Rural Development with 
special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the 
articles are their own. They do not necessarily 
reflect the views of the Government or the 
organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims 
in the advertisements regarding career 
guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra 
does not own responsibility. Maps used are 
for illustration & study purpose and may not 
strictly conform to the official map. Images, 
graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are 
mostly sourced from government channels 
and are indicative in nature. Final Editing 
rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
(011-24365609); Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ?? Mumbai - 701, C-Wing, 7
th
 Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 (022-27570686)  
? Chennai - ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) ? t hiruvananthapuram - Press 
Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650) ? Hyderabad - Room No. 204, 2
nd
 Floor, C.G.O. 
Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383) ? Bengaluru - Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, 
Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244) ? Patna - Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 
(0612-2675823) ? Lucknow - Hall No. 1, 2
nd
 Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455) 
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4
th
 Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, 
Ashram Road, Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669), ? Guwahati – Assam Khadi & Village Industries Board 
Complex, PO.-Silpukhuri, Chandmari, Guwahati-781003 (0361-4083136)
CHiEf EDitor  
Kulshrestha Kamal
SEnior EDitor  
Sukhchain Singh
SuB EDitor  
Akshit Malik
Joint DirEC tor (ProDuC tion)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
Co VEr DESiGn 
Pavanesh Kumar Bind
EDitoriAL offiCE 
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals unit  
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453, FAx: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play  
or Amazon.
Subscription 
1 Year : ` 230
Contents
28 Empowering Rural Communities
Embracing Green Waste Tech In India
Dr. Harveen Kaur
Sh. Yugal Joshi
20 Green Technologies for Clean
and Renewable Energy
Dr. Harender Raj Gautam
41
46
Usage of Green Technologies
in Sustainable Water Management
Green Technologies for
Sustainable Agriculture
Dr. Namrata Singh Panwar
Dr. Y .S. Shivay
Kadapa Sreenivasa Reddy
35 Biodiversity Conservation using
Remote Sensing and GIS Tools
Dr. Ritesh Joshi
Dr. Kanchan Puri
11 Understanding Green  
Technologies For Future
Subhash Chand
Sheikh Amjid
5 Green Technologies
Current Status, Challenges  
and Way Ahead
Manjula Wadhwa
Page 3


3 Kurukshetra       May  2024
A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 72 | No. 7 | Pages 52 | May 2024
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of 
Rural Development to all people. It serves as 
a forum for free, frank and serious discussion 
on the problems of Rural Development with 
special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the 
articles are their own. They do not necessarily 
reflect the views of the Government or the 
organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims 
in the advertisements regarding career 
guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra 
does not own responsibility. Maps used are 
for illustration & study purpose and may not 
strictly conform to the official map. Images, 
graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are 
mostly sourced from government channels 
and are indicative in nature. Final Editing 
rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
(011-24365609); Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ?? Mumbai - 701, C-Wing, 7
th
 Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 (022-27570686)  
? Chennai - ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) ? t hiruvananthapuram - Press 
Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650) ? Hyderabad - Room No. 204, 2
nd
 Floor, C.G.O. 
Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383) ? Bengaluru - Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, 
Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244) ? Patna - Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 
(0612-2675823) ? Lucknow - Hall No. 1, 2
nd
 Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455) 
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4
th
 Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, 
Ashram Road, Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669), ? Guwahati – Assam Khadi & Village Industries Board 
Complex, PO.-Silpukhuri, Chandmari, Guwahati-781003 (0361-4083136)
CHiEf EDitor  
Kulshrestha Kamal
SEnior EDitor  
Sukhchain Singh
SuB EDitor  
Akshit Malik
Joint DirEC tor (ProDuC tion)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
Co VEr DESiGn 
Pavanesh Kumar Bind
EDitoriAL offiCE 
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals unit  
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453, FAx: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play  
or Amazon.
Subscription 
1 Year : ` 230
Contents
28 Empowering Rural Communities
Embracing Green Waste Tech In India
Dr. Harveen Kaur
Sh. Yugal Joshi
20 Green Technologies for Clean
and Renewable Energy
Dr. Harender Raj Gautam
41
46
Usage of Green Technologies
in Sustainable Water Management
Green Technologies for
Sustainable Agriculture
Dr. Namrata Singh Panwar
Dr. Y .S. Shivay
Kadapa Sreenivasa Reddy
35 Biodiversity Conservation using
Remote Sensing and GIS Tools
Dr. Ritesh Joshi
Dr. Kanchan Puri
11 Understanding Green  
Technologies For Future
Subhash Chand
Sheikh Amjid
5 Green Technologies
Current Status, Challenges  
and Way Ahead
Manjula Wadhwa
4 Kurukshetra       May  2024
T
he term “Green technology” describes about the use of technology and science to reduce human 
impacts on the natural environment. Green technology encompasses a wide area of scientific research, 
including energy, atmospheric science, agriculture, material science, and hydrology. Green technology 
offers numerous environmental, economic and social advantages. Sustainable green technologies add 
much to a sustainable society while promoting environmental protection and economic development. The 
future of green technology holds immense potential for innovation and sustainability.
The Article “Green Technologies: Current Status, Challenges and Way Ahead” indicates that how 
the concept of future Green Technologies is changing from the mere new gadgets and solutions to more 
sustainable way of living.
Article “Understanding Green T echnologies for Future” emphasizes that embracing Green T echnologies 
is not an option but an imperative for protecting the well-being of present and future generations. It 
elaborately discusses about the environmental, economic, social, agricultural and global aspects of adopting 
these technologies.
The dependence on fossil fuels for energy production exacerbating climate change, making it imperative 
to shift to the maximum use of renewable and clean energy sources. The Article “Green technologies for 
Clean and Renewable energy” discusses about all the available renewable and clean energy sources and 
technologies. 
The Article “Empowering Rural Communities: Embracing Green Waste Tech In India” underlines the 
need for adoption and scaling up green waste technologies for paving the way to a greener and more 
inclusive future for rural India. It explores the potential of embracing green waste technologies to empower 
rural communities and mitigate environmental impacts.
The Article “Biodiversity Conservation using Remote Sensing and GIS Tools” focuses on the potential 
and utilization of geospatial tools in terms of forest cover maps, land use, land cover maps, vegetation 
maps to check the Biodiversity Conservation problems of habitat loss, over-exploitation, pollution, invasive 
species, and global warming, especially in places of inaccessible, rugged terrain.
Water being a scarce resource, the sustainable water management is the utmost necessity in rural 
as well as in urban areas. The article “Usage of Green Technologies in Sustainable Water Management” 
throws light on how the drinking water, wastewater, rainwater, stormwater and drainage water in a 
collective form can be managed together truly in efficient and sustainable manner with the use of modern 
green technologies.
The use of green technologies in enhancing the agriculture production sustainably while making 
ecological balance is very important. Article “Green Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture” discusses 
about the future agricultural technologies which must prioritise both profitability and environmental 
impact while acknowledging the importance of natural resources and ecosystem services.
By embracing Green technology, information, and transparency, we can effectively address long-
standing challenges, formalize the rural sector, and unlock the immense potential of rural communities. 
Through collaborative efforts among stakeholders, the technology can act as a powerful catalyst accelerating 
sustainable rural development. Let us harness the full potential of Green Technology and create sustainable 
and inclusive growth. ?
Page 4


3 Kurukshetra       May  2024
A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 72 | No. 7 | Pages 52 | May 2024
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of 
Rural Development to all people. It serves as 
a forum for free, frank and serious discussion 
on the problems of Rural Development with 
special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the 
articles are their own. They do not necessarily 
reflect the views of the Government or the 
organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims 
in the advertisements regarding career 
guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra 
does not own responsibility. Maps used are 
for illustration & study purpose and may not 
strictly conform to the official map. Images, 
graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are 
mostly sourced from government channels 
and are indicative in nature. Final Editing 
rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
(011-24365609); Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ?? Mumbai - 701, C-Wing, 7
th
 Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 (022-27570686)  
? Chennai - ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) ? t hiruvananthapuram - Press 
Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650) ? Hyderabad - Room No. 204, 2
nd
 Floor, C.G.O. 
Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383) ? Bengaluru - Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, 
Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244) ? Patna - Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 
(0612-2675823) ? Lucknow - Hall No. 1, 2
nd
 Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455) 
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4
th
 Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, 
Ashram Road, Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669), ? Guwahati – Assam Khadi & Village Industries Board 
Complex, PO.-Silpukhuri, Chandmari, Guwahati-781003 (0361-4083136)
CHiEf EDitor  
Kulshrestha Kamal
SEnior EDitor  
Sukhchain Singh
SuB EDitor  
Akshit Malik
Joint DirEC tor (ProDuC tion)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
Co VEr DESiGn 
Pavanesh Kumar Bind
EDitoriAL offiCE 
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals unit  
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453, FAx: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play  
or Amazon.
Subscription 
1 Year : ` 230
Contents
28 Empowering Rural Communities
Embracing Green Waste Tech In India
Dr. Harveen Kaur
Sh. Yugal Joshi
20 Green Technologies for Clean
and Renewable Energy
Dr. Harender Raj Gautam
41
46
Usage of Green Technologies
in Sustainable Water Management
Green Technologies for
Sustainable Agriculture
Dr. Namrata Singh Panwar
Dr. Y .S. Shivay
Kadapa Sreenivasa Reddy
35 Biodiversity Conservation using
Remote Sensing and GIS Tools
Dr. Ritesh Joshi
Dr. Kanchan Puri
11 Understanding Green  
Technologies For Future
Subhash Chand
Sheikh Amjid
5 Green Technologies
Current Status, Challenges  
and Way Ahead
Manjula Wadhwa
4 Kurukshetra       May  2024
T
he term “Green technology” describes about the use of technology and science to reduce human 
impacts on the natural environment. Green technology encompasses a wide area of scientific research, 
including energy, atmospheric science, agriculture, material science, and hydrology. Green technology 
offers numerous environmental, economic and social advantages. Sustainable green technologies add 
much to a sustainable society while promoting environmental protection and economic development. The 
future of green technology holds immense potential for innovation and sustainability.
The Article “Green Technologies: Current Status, Challenges and Way Ahead” indicates that how 
the concept of future Green Technologies is changing from the mere new gadgets and solutions to more 
sustainable way of living.
Article “Understanding Green T echnologies for Future” emphasizes that embracing Green T echnologies 
is not an option but an imperative for protecting the well-being of present and future generations. It 
elaborately discusses about the environmental, economic, social, agricultural and global aspects of adopting 
these technologies.
The dependence on fossil fuels for energy production exacerbating climate change, making it imperative 
to shift to the maximum use of renewable and clean energy sources. The Article “Green technologies for 
Clean and Renewable energy” discusses about all the available renewable and clean energy sources and 
technologies. 
The Article “Empowering Rural Communities: Embracing Green Waste Tech In India” underlines the 
need for adoption and scaling up green waste technologies for paving the way to a greener and more 
inclusive future for rural India. It explores the potential of embracing green waste technologies to empower 
rural communities and mitigate environmental impacts.
The Article “Biodiversity Conservation using Remote Sensing and GIS Tools” focuses on the potential 
and utilization of geospatial tools in terms of forest cover maps, land use, land cover maps, vegetation 
maps to check the Biodiversity Conservation problems of habitat loss, over-exploitation, pollution, invasive 
species, and global warming, especially in places of inaccessible, rugged terrain.
Water being a scarce resource, the sustainable water management is the utmost necessity in rural 
as well as in urban areas. The article “Usage of Green Technologies in Sustainable Water Management” 
throws light on how the drinking water, wastewater, rainwater, stormwater and drainage water in a 
collective form can be managed together truly in efficient and sustainable manner with the use of modern 
green technologies.
The use of green technologies in enhancing the agriculture production sustainably while making 
ecological balance is very important. Article “Green Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture” discusses 
about the future agricultural technologies which must prioritise both profitability and environmental 
impact while acknowledging the importance of natural resources and ecosystem services.
By embracing Green technology, information, and transparency, we can effectively address long-
standing challenges, formalize the rural sector, and unlock the immense potential of rural communities. 
Through collaborative efforts among stakeholders, the technology can act as a powerful catalyst accelerating 
sustainable rural development. Let us harness the full potential of Green Technology and create sustainable 
and inclusive growth. ?
Green
Technologies  
Current Status, 
Challenges and  
Way Ahead
* Manjula Wadhwa
n view of the huge impact of 
greenhouse gas emissions, 
depletion of natural resources, 
continuously increasing global 
warming, various stakeholders, 
for the past two decades have been pondering over 
United Nation’s sustainable development goals 
(SDGs) and their implementation using clean and 
green technologies. Clean technology refers to the 
use of conventional energy resources to address the 
energy demands, without causing environmental 
damage and green technology refers to the use of 
I
environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. 
Let us understand the concept of green 
technology. It is the creation and application of 
products, systems, and frameworks that aim to 
protect the natural environment and its properties by 
mitigating and reducing the negative consequences 
of human activities. To simplify, the term “green 
technology” refers to devices, services, or processes 
that follow certain criteria, i.e., it emits no or very 
few greenhouse gases (GHGs), is safe to use, and 
encourage a healthy and better climate for all 
forms of life. It reduces electricity and natural 
* The author is associated with NABARD and is currently DGM of NABARD. Email: manjula.jaipur@gmail.com
The future of green technology is not just about new gadgets and solutions; it is more 
about a shift in mindset towards a more sustainable way of living. India’s continually 
evolving policies and reforms focused on attaining nationally determined contributions 
are clearing a path for faster adoption of green technologies and for facilitating investors 
across the globe. Economically, Green technologies open new markets and create jobs. 
These technologies also foster business innovation, enabling companies to develop 
new products and services that meet growing consumer demand for sustainability. 
Environmentally, green technologies significantly reduce carbon emissions contributing 
to the fight against climate change and environmental degradation. Socially, they improve 
the quality of life by providing access to cleaner air and water. And they also offer a path 
to achieving global sustainability at the national level.
Page 5


3 Kurukshetra       May  2024
A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 72 | No. 7 | Pages 52 | May 2024
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of 
Rural Development to all people. It serves as 
a forum for free, frank and serious discussion 
on the problems of Rural Development with 
special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the 
articles are their own. They do not necessarily 
reflect the views of the Government or the 
organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims 
in the advertisements regarding career 
guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra 
does not own responsibility. Maps used are 
for illustration & study purpose and may not 
strictly conform to the official map. Images, 
graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are 
mostly sourced from government channels 
and are indicative in nature. Final Editing 
rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
(011-24365609); Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ?? Mumbai - 701, C-Wing, 7
th
 Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 (022-27570686)  
? Chennai - ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673) ? t hiruvananthapuram - Press 
Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650) ? Hyderabad - Room No. 204, 2
nd
 Floor, C.G.O. 
Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383) ? Bengaluru - Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, 
Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244) ? Patna - Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 
(0612-2675823) ? Lucknow - Hall No. 1, 2
nd
 Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455) 
? Ahmedabad - Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4
th
 Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, 
Ashram Road, Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669), ? Guwahati – Assam Khadi & Village Industries Board 
Complex, PO.-Silpukhuri, Chandmari, Guwahati-781003 (0361-4083136)
CHiEf EDitor  
Kulshrestha Kamal
SEnior EDitor  
Sukhchain Singh
SuB EDitor  
Akshit Malik
Joint DirEC tor (ProDuC tion)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
Co VEr DESiGn 
Pavanesh Kumar Bind
EDitoriAL offiCE 
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals unit  
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
Phone : 24367453, FAx: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play  
or Amazon.
Subscription 
1 Year : ` 230
Contents
28 Empowering Rural Communities
Embracing Green Waste Tech In India
Dr. Harveen Kaur
Sh. Yugal Joshi
20 Green Technologies for Clean
and Renewable Energy
Dr. Harender Raj Gautam
41
46
Usage of Green Technologies
in Sustainable Water Management
Green Technologies for
Sustainable Agriculture
Dr. Namrata Singh Panwar
Dr. Y .S. Shivay
Kadapa Sreenivasa Reddy
35 Biodiversity Conservation using
Remote Sensing and GIS Tools
Dr. Ritesh Joshi
Dr. Kanchan Puri
11 Understanding Green  
Technologies For Future
Subhash Chand
Sheikh Amjid
5 Green Technologies
Current Status, Challenges  
and Way Ahead
Manjula Wadhwa
4 Kurukshetra       May  2024
T
he term “Green technology” describes about the use of technology and science to reduce human 
impacts on the natural environment. Green technology encompasses a wide area of scientific research, 
including energy, atmospheric science, agriculture, material science, and hydrology. Green technology 
offers numerous environmental, economic and social advantages. Sustainable green technologies add 
much to a sustainable society while promoting environmental protection and economic development. The 
future of green technology holds immense potential for innovation and sustainability.
The Article “Green Technologies: Current Status, Challenges and Way Ahead” indicates that how 
the concept of future Green Technologies is changing from the mere new gadgets and solutions to more 
sustainable way of living.
Article “Understanding Green T echnologies for Future” emphasizes that embracing Green T echnologies 
is not an option but an imperative for protecting the well-being of present and future generations. It 
elaborately discusses about the environmental, economic, social, agricultural and global aspects of adopting 
these technologies.
The dependence on fossil fuels for energy production exacerbating climate change, making it imperative 
to shift to the maximum use of renewable and clean energy sources. The Article “Green technologies for 
Clean and Renewable energy” discusses about all the available renewable and clean energy sources and 
technologies. 
The Article “Empowering Rural Communities: Embracing Green Waste Tech In India” underlines the 
need for adoption and scaling up green waste technologies for paving the way to a greener and more 
inclusive future for rural India. It explores the potential of embracing green waste technologies to empower 
rural communities and mitigate environmental impacts.
The Article “Biodiversity Conservation using Remote Sensing and GIS Tools” focuses on the potential 
and utilization of geospatial tools in terms of forest cover maps, land use, land cover maps, vegetation 
maps to check the Biodiversity Conservation problems of habitat loss, over-exploitation, pollution, invasive 
species, and global warming, especially in places of inaccessible, rugged terrain.
Water being a scarce resource, the sustainable water management is the utmost necessity in rural 
as well as in urban areas. The article “Usage of Green Technologies in Sustainable Water Management” 
throws light on how the drinking water, wastewater, rainwater, stormwater and drainage water in a 
collective form can be managed together truly in efficient and sustainable manner with the use of modern 
green technologies.
The use of green technologies in enhancing the agriculture production sustainably while making 
ecological balance is very important. Article “Green Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture” discusses 
about the future agricultural technologies which must prioritise both profitability and environmental 
impact while acknowledging the importance of natural resources and ecosystem services.
By embracing Green technology, information, and transparency, we can effectively address long-
standing challenges, formalize the rural sector, and unlock the immense potential of rural communities. 
Through collaborative efforts among stakeholders, the technology can act as a powerful catalyst accelerating 
sustainable rural development. Let us harness the full potential of Green Technology and create sustainable 
and inclusive growth. ?
Green
Technologies  
Current Status, 
Challenges and  
Way Ahead
* Manjula Wadhwa
n view of the huge impact of 
greenhouse gas emissions, 
depletion of natural resources, 
continuously increasing global 
warming, various stakeholders, 
for the past two decades have been pondering over 
United Nation’s sustainable development goals 
(SDGs) and their implementation using clean and 
green technologies. Clean technology refers to the 
use of conventional energy resources to address the 
energy demands, without causing environmental 
damage and green technology refers to the use of 
I
environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. 
Let us understand the concept of green 
technology. It is the creation and application of 
products, systems, and frameworks that aim to 
protect the natural environment and its properties by 
mitigating and reducing the negative consequences 
of human activities. To simplify, the term “green 
technology” refers to devices, services, or processes 
that follow certain criteria, i.e., it emits no or very 
few greenhouse gases (GHGs), is safe to use, and 
encourage a healthy and better climate for all 
forms of life. It reduces electricity and natural 
* The author is associated with NABARD and is currently DGM of NABARD. Email: manjula.jaipur@gmail.com
The future of green technology is not just about new gadgets and solutions; it is more 
about a shift in mindset towards a more sustainable way of living. India’s continually 
evolving policies and reforms focused on attaining nationally determined contributions 
are clearing a path for faster adoption of green technologies and for facilitating investors 
across the globe. Economically, Green technologies open new markets and create jobs. 
These technologies also foster business innovation, enabling companies to develop 
new products and services that meet growing consumer demand for sustainability. 
Environmentally, green technologies significantly reduce carbon emissions contributing 
to the fight against climate change and environmental degradation. Socially, they improve 
the quality of life by providing access to cleaner air and water. And they also offer a path 
to achieving global sustainability at the national level.
6 Kurukshetra       May  2024
resource consumption and also encourages the 
use of natural energy. Green technologies broadly 
encompass innovations focused on environmental 
enhancement and resource efficiency. They range 
from renewable energy solutions like solar and wind 
power to advanced waste management solutions 
and eco-friendly materials. These technologies 
are crucial in addressing global environmental 
challenges such as climate change and resource 
scarcity, marking a significant shift from traditional 
practices to sustainable alternatives. They offer 
new opportunities for growth and development, 
challenging conventional business models and 
promoting sustainable business operations. This 
shift is evident in the rise of green startups and 
investments in sustainable innovations. Renewable 
energy technologies for energy production, such 
as solar and wind power, are at the forefront, 
offering alternatives to fossil fuels. Energy efficiency 
technologies, focusing on reducing energy 
consumption in buildings and industries, are also 
critical. Green transportation technologies, including 
electric vehicles and sustainable public transit 
systems, are gaining momentum. Furthermore, waste 
management technologies are revolutionising the 
way we handle waste, turning it into sustainable 
resources or energy. Lastly, sustainable materials 
are replacing traditional, non-renewable materials 
in the construction industry. These varied types 
of technologies underscore the comprehensive 
scope they can have in addressing environmental 
challenges. Thus, it is like giving Mother Nature a 
high-tech helping hand. 
Ever wondered, how we can make our planet 
greener while still enjoying the benefits of modern 
technology. Here are the unresistible goals of Green 
Technologies, summarised as under: -
  Reduce the rate of increase in energy demand 
thus promoting economic growth
  To promote the development of the green 
technology sector and its contribution to the 
national economy
  To increase the potential for competition in the 
production of green technology and to improve 
the sector’s performance in the field 
  To ensure long-term sustainability for posterity
  In addition, to raise public consciousness about 
green technologies as well as to promote their 
wider use
  While discussing the current promotion and 
coverage of green technologies, we find their 
footprints in various sectors such as 
Energy Sector: Green Technology in electricity 
generation and energy resource management, 
including cogeneration in the manufacturing and 
commercial sectors. 
Building Sector: Green technology is being used 
in the design, administration, repair, and demolition of 
houses. 
Water and Waste Management Sector: Green 
technology usage in water supply control and usage, 
wastewater disposal, and solid waste landfills. 
transport Sector: Green technology integration 
into transportation infrastructure and automobiles, 
including bio-fuels and public transportation. 
Now that we have dipped our toes into the world 
of green technology, let us dive deeper into the heart 
of the matter. The opportunities presented by green 
technologies are vast. Economically, they open new 
markets and create jobs. These technologies also 
foster business innovation, enabling companies to 
develop new products and services that meet growing 
consumer demand for sustainability. Environmentally, 
green technologies significantly reduce carbon 
emissions contributing to the fight against climate