Law of Equipartition of energy (Degrees of Freedom) Video Lecture - NEET

in the previous concept we have studied
about kinetic theory of gases
now we study about degrees of freedom
the number of directions in which a
particle can move freely is defined as
its degree of freedom or the number of
independent coordinates required to
specify completely the position and
orientation of a particle in space is
defined as its degree of freedom degrees
of freedom are of three types they are 1
degrees of freedom of translational
motion FD 2 degrees of freedom of
rotational motion fr 3 degrees of
freedom of vibration motion earthly
degrees of freedom of translational
motion FD these are due to translational
motion of molecules maximum number of
translational degrees of freedom is 3
irrespective of that the molecule may be
monatomic or pala Tomic linear or
non-linear
these are present at ordinary
temperature degrees of freedom of
rotational motion FR these are due to
rotational motion of a molecule about an
axis passing through the center of mass
of the molecule the number depends upon
the structure of molecule these are also
present at ordinary temperatures degrees
of freedom of vibrational motion F FLE
these are due to the vibrational motion
of molecule about its equilibrium
position the number depends upon the
structure of the molecules these are
produced only at high temperatures
degrees of freedom for non atomic gas a
monatomic gas molecule can move linearly
in any direction along three coordinate
axes hence its degrees of freedom is FD
is equal to three examples
molecules of noble gases like helium
neon argon etc diatomic gas the center
of mass of two atoms is free to move
along three coordinate axis hence its
translational degrees of freedom is FD
is equal to three the molecules if these
gases can rotate about a perpendicular
axis passing through the center of mass
in two directions hence it's degree of
freedom of rotating motion is fr is
equal to two
therefore total degree of freedom F is
equal to F T plus fr is equal to three
plus two is equal to five a tri atomic
or polyatomic gas nonlinear degrees of
freedom of translational motion FD is
equal to three and degrees of freedom of
rotational motion fr is equal to three
therefore total degree of freedom F is
equal to FD plus fr is equal to three
plus three is equal to six note in
general degrees of freedom can be
determined as F is equal to 3 n minus B
and number of coordinates required to
specify a thermodynamic system and B
number of constraints