Shankar IAS MCQs: India and Climate Change | Environment for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Q1: Statement 1: India's historical emissions contribute only 3.37% to the global total.
Statement 2: In 2021, India's greenhouse gas emissions were 3.9 billion metric tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.
(a) Only Statement 1 is true
(b) Only Statement 2 is true
(c) Both Statement 1 and 2 are true
(d) Neither Statement 1 nor 2 is true
Ans: (c)
Statement 1 highlights India's relatively small contribution to historical global emissions. Statement 2 gives the current level of India's greenhouse gas emissions, which is accurate.

Q2: Assertion (A): India's per capita CO₂ emissions in 2010 were significantly lower than the global average.
Reason (R): India has historically contributed only 3.37% to the global total emissions.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) Both A and R are false.
Ans: (b)
India's per capita emissions were indeed lower than the global average in 2010, but the historical contribution to global emissions is not directly the reason for the low per capita emissions; it's more related to the country's energy consumption patterns, population, and economic development level.

Q3: Statement 1: The Climate Equity Monitor is an online dashboard that monitors global climate equity.
Statement 2: The main objective of the Climate Equity Monitor is to check the total emissions over time and carbon budgets.
(a) Only Statement 1 is true
(b) Only Statement 2 is true
(c) Both Statement 1 and 2 are true
(d) Neither Statement 1 nor 2 is true
Ans: (c)
The Climate Equity Monitor is indeed an online tool for tracking global climate equity, and its main focus includes assessing total emissions and carbon budgets.

Q4: Statement 1: India's INDC was prepared for the 19th COP of the UNFCCC in 2013.
Statement 2: INDC stands for Intended Nationally Determined Contributions.
(a) Only Statement 1 is true
(b) Only Statement 2 is true
(c) Both Statement 1 and 2 are true
(d) Neither Statement 1 nor 2 is true
Ans: (b)
INDC indeed stands for Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, but India's INDC was prepared for the 21st COP session, not the 19th.

Q5: Assertion (A): The National Water Policy suggests methods like rainwater harvesting and desalination.
Reasoning (R): India's National Mission on Sustainable Habitat includes managing water resources efficiently.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)
The National Water Policy's suggestions are indeed part of the broader objectives of the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat, which focuses on efficient water management.

Q6: Statement 1: The National Water Policy in India suggests new ways to use water, including desalination.
Statement 2: India's National Action Plan on Climate Change does not include a mission focused on sustainable agriculture.
(a) Both statements are true.
(b) Both statements are false.
(c) Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.
(d) Statement 1 is false, and Statement 2 is true.
Ans: (c)
Statement 1 is true as the National Water Policy does include new methods like desalination. Statement 2 is false as the National Action Plan on Climate Change includes the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture.

Q7: India's goal is to reduce emission intensity of GDP by 33-35% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels.
(a) True
(b) False
(c) True only for certain sectors
(d) No specific target has been set
Ans: (a)
India has indeed set this target as part of its climate change strategy, focusing on reducing emission intensity relative to GDP.

Q8: Sequence the Following:
1. National Bio-Energy Mission start
2. Establishment of Integrated Energy Policy
3. Implementation of GRIHA
4. India's INDC preparation for UNFCCC
(a) 2, 1, 3, 4
(b) 1, 2, 3, 4
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1
(d) 2, 3, 1, 4
Ans: (d)
The sequence is arranged based on the chronological order of each event or initiative's inception or key development.

Q9: Statement 1: The Indian Network on Climate Change Assessment (INCCA) started in 2009.
Statement 2: INCCA's first assessment was 'India: Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2007'.
(a) Only Statement 1 is true
(b) Only Statement 2 is true
(c) Both Statement 1 and 2 are true
(d) Neither Statement 1 nor 2 is true
Ans: (c)
INCCA was indeed established in 2009, and its first assessment report was focused on India's greenhouse gas emissions for the year 2007.

Q10: Assertion (A): India's National Action Plan on Climate Change includes eight national missions.
Reasoning (R): These missions are focused solely on emission reduction.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (c)
While India's National Action Plan does include eight national missions, these missions encompass a broader scope than just emission reduction, including adaptation and sustainable development.

Q11: Statement 1: The National Solar Mission aims to make India a global leader in solar energy.
Statement 2: The cumulative target for the National Solar Mission is 100,000 MW by 2021-22.
(a) Only Statement 1 is true
(b) Only Statement 2 is true
(c) Both Statement 1 and 2 are true
(d) Neither Statement 1 nor 2 is true
Ans: (c)
The National Solar Mission indeed aims to position India as a global leader in solar energy, and the stated target for solar energy capacity is accurate.

Q12: Which of the following is NOT a focus area of the National Mission For A Green India?
(a) Enhancing forest cover and biodiversity
(b) Promoting urban water management
(c) Increasing income for families living near forests
(d) Capturing carbon emissions
Ans: (b)
Urban water management is not a direct focus of the National Mission For A Green India, which primarily concentrates on forest and biodiversity enhancement, community support, and carbon capture.

Q13: Sequence the Following National Missions under India's National Action Plan on Climate Change according to their order of introduction:
1. National Solar Mission
2. National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
3. National Mission For Sustaining The Himalayan Ecosystem
4. National Water Mission
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 4, 3, 2, 1
(c) 2, 1, 4, 3
(d) 3, 1, 2, 4
Ans: (a)
The sequence represents the order in which these national missions were introduced under India's National Action Plan on Climate Change.

Q14: Arrange the following events in chronological order:
1. Establishment of the Indian Network on Climate Change Assessment (INCCA)
2. Introduction of the Integrated Energy Policy in India
3. Launch of the National Solar Mission
4. Implementation of the National Bio-Energy Mission
(a) 2, 1, 3, 4
(b) 1, 2, 3, 4
(c) 3, 2, 1, 4
(d) 4, 3, 2, 1
Ans: (a)
The Integrated Energy Policy was established in 2006, INCCA started in 2009, the National Solar Mission was launched as part of the National Action Plan on Climate Change, and the National Bio-Energy Mission was later implemented.

Q15: Statement 1: The Climate Equity Monitor was developed by the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation.
Statement 2: Its main purpose is to monitor the progress of developed countries in meeting their UNFCCC commitments.
(a) Only Statement 1 is true
(b) Only Statement 2 is true
(c) Both Statement 1 and 2 are true
(d) Neither Statement 1 nor 2 is true
Ans: (c)
The Climate Equity Monitor was indeed developed by the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation and it primarily focuses on monitoring the progress of developed countries in fulfilling their UNFCCC commitments.

Q16: Which of the following is a target of India's INDC?
(a) Achieve 25% forest and tree cover by 2030
(b) Reduce emissions intensity by 20-25% by 2020
(c) Achieve 40% electric power capacity from non-fossil sources by 2030
(d) Capture 100 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent through afforestation by 2025
Ans: (c)
One of the key targets of India's INDC is to increase the capacity of electric power from non-fossil fuel sources to 40% by 2030.

Q17: Which of the following is NOT part of the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat?
(a) Efficient irrigation systems
(b) Water-neutral technologies
(c) Urban water needs
(d) Increasing the use of solar panels in urban areas
Ans: (d)
The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat does not specifically focus on the use of solar panels in urban areas; its main objectives are related to water management and urban planning.

Q18: Assertion (A): The National Disaster Management program is a part of India's strategy for climate change adaptation.
Reasoning (R): It focuses on providing immediate medical assistance during natural disasters.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (b)
While the National Disaster Management program is indeed part of India's climate adaptation strategy, its focus extends beyond just providing medical assistance, encompassing a broader range of disaster management activities.

Q19: Statement 1: India's National Disaster Management program focuses solely on providing relief after natural disasters.
Statement 2: The National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change aims to strengthen research infrastructure and human resources in climate science.
(a) Both statements are true.
(b) Both statements are false.
(c) Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.
(d) Statement 1 is false, and Statement 2 is true.
Ans: (d)
Statement 1 is false because India's National Disaster Management program not only provides relief but also involves efforts in disaster prevention, information dissemination, and training. Statement 2 is true as the National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change focuses on building India’s research capabilities in climate science.

Q20: Which of the following is a key feature of a green building as per GRIHA standards?
(a) Minimum 50% of energy from fossil fuels
(b) Use of non-renewable resources wherever possible
(c) Emphasis on indoor environmental quality
(d) Focus on increasing the building's carbon footprint
Ans: (c)
A key feature of a green building, as per GRIHA standards, is the emphasis on indoor environmental quality, along with efficient resource use and minimizing environmental impact.