Table of contents |
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Heredity |
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Gregor Johann Mendel(1822 - 1884) |
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Rules for the Inheritance of Traits: Mendel's Contributions |
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Some Important Definitions |
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Laws of Mendel |
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Character: A recognizable feature of human beings or any other organisms are called characters.
Examples: Height, Complexion, Shape of hair, Colour of eyes, Shape of the nose.
Traits: Various forms of a character are called traits.
Dominant gene: The gene which decides the appearance of an organism even in the presence of an alternative gene.
Recessive Gene: The gene which can decide the appearance of an organism only in the presence of another identical gene.
Chromosomes: A thread-like structure in the nucleus of a cell formed of DNA that carries the genes.
Chromosome
Genotype: The genetic constitution of an organism i.e. description of genes present in an organism.
Example: TT, tt, Tt.
Phenotype: External and morphological appearance of an organism for a particular character.
Allele: Alternative forms of a gene that are located in the same position [loci] on the homologous chromosome.
F1 Generation: When two parents cross or breed to produce progeny [or offspring], then their progeny is called F1 generation or first filial generation.
The offspring produced by the parental generation.
F1 and F2 generationF2 generation: When the first generation progeny crossbreed among themselves to produce second progeny, then this progeny is called second filial generation or F2 generation.
The offspring produced by the F1 generation.
Homozygous and Heterozygous
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Mendel's Contributions
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On the basis of Mendel's work, 3 basic laws of inheritance were proposed:
(i) Law of Dominance
(ii) Law of Segregation
(iii) Law of Independent Assortment
Law of Dominance
Law of Independent Assortment
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1. What is heredity? | ![]() |
2. Who is Gregor Johann Mendel? | ![]() |
3. What were Mendel's contributions to the study of heredity? | ![]() |
4. What are some important definitions related to heredity? | ![]() |
5. What are the laws of Mendel? | ![]() |