Mindmap: Control & Coordination | Science Class 10 PDF Download

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Introduction
De?nition: Control and coordination 
regulate and integrate activities in 
organisms.
Importance: Ensures appropriate 
responses to environmental changes and 
internal regulation.
Animal
Systems
Nervous System
Function: Detects stimuli, 
coordinates responses.
Components: Neurons 
transmit impulses, synapse is 
the junction between neurons.
Re?ex Actions: Automatic
 responses via re?ex arc; re?exes
 are quick and involuntary.
Human Brain: 
a.Fore-brain handles 
thinking, memory, 
and sensory processing; 
b. mid-brain controls 
 involuntary actions; 
c. hind-brain maintains 
balance, posture, and
 muscle coordination.
Protection: Brain is protected
 by the skull and cerebrospinal ?uid,
 spinal cord by the vertebral column.
Muscular System: Muscles execute 
actions; includes voluntary and 
involuntary muscles.
Hormonal System
Endocrine Glands: Secrete hormones to 
regulate body functions.
Examples: 
a.Adrenaline (?ght or ?ight), Insulin 
(blood sugar), 
Thyroxine (metabolism), 
Growth Hormone (body growth), 
Testosterone 
 Estrogen (secondary sexual 
characteristics).
Feedback Mechanism: Regulates 
hormone levels to maintain homeostasis.
Plant Systems
Response to Stimuli: Includes quick 
movements like those
 in Mimosa plants and growth-related
 movements such as tropisms
 (Phototropism, Geotropism, 
Hydrotropism, Chemotropism).
Plant Hormones:
 a.Auxins promote growth by elongating 
cells
b. Gibberellins stimulate stem growth
c. Cytokinins promote cell division
d.Abscisic Acid inhibits growth
 and promotes dormancy.
Control and 
Coordination