Morning Star Textbook Solutions: Manufacturing Industries in India-Mineral Based | Geography Class 10 ICSE PDF Download

Choose the correct option 

Q1: ________ industry forms the backbone of industrial development in any country.
(a) Chemical
(b) Iron and steel
(c) Coal
(d) Electronics
Ans: (b)

Q2: ________ is used for hardening of steel.
(a) Manganese
(b) Copper
(c) Nickel
(d) Chromium
Ans: (a)

Q3: Iron is galvanised by using chromium, ________ and tungsten.
(a) copper
(b) silica
(c) carbon
(d) nickel
Ans: (d) 

Q4: The molten iron that is obtained by the process of ore reduction is known as ________ .
(a) Cast iron
(b) Wrought iron
(c) Pig iron
(d) Steel
Ans: (c) 

Q5: ________ is the largest steel making company in India in the Public sector.
(a) Steel Production Unit of India
(b) Steel Manufacturing Unit of India
(c) Steel Company of India
(d) Steel Authority of India
Ans: (d) 

Q6: Which of the following are the integrated Iron and Steel plants where SAIL produces Iron?
(a) Bhilai and Durgapur
(b) Salem and Bhadravati
(c) Visakhapatnam and Vijayanagar
(d) None of the above
Ans: (a) 

Q7: ________ is the oldest steel plant in the country.
(a) TISCO
(b) CISCO
(c) DELCO
(d) TELCO
Ans: (a) 

Q8: Bhilai Steel plant was established in collaboration with ________ in ________ .
(a) Germany; West Bengal
(b) erstwhile USSR; Chhattisgarh
(c) France; Madhya Pradesh
(d) Japan; Odisha
Ans: (b) 

Q9: Bhilai Steel Plant is located in Durg district of ________ .
(a) West Bengal
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Chhattisgarh
(d) Odisha
Ans: (c) 

Q10: The main source of power for the Bhilai Steel Plant comes from the power station at ________ .
(a) Korba
(b) Balaghat
(c) Durg
(d) Bokaro
Ans: (a) 

Q11: The Rourkela Steel Plant was built with cooperation from ________ in ________ .
(a) Britain; Bhirmitrapur
(b) France; Baradwar
(c) Russia; Keonjhar
(d) Germany; Sundargarh
Ans: (d) 

Q12: Visakhapatnam is the first ________ based steel plant in India.
(a) nuclear power
(b) coal
(c) shore
(d) petroleum
Ans: (c) 

Q13: Visakhapatnam steel plant obtains iron ore from ________ in Chhattisgarh.
(a) Bailadila
(b) Talcher
Ans: (a)

Q14: ________ are organic chemicals derived from petroleum products; LPG and coal.
(a) Fossils fuels
(b) Pharmaceuticals
(c) Petrochemicals
(d) Petro derivatives
Ans: (c) 

Q15: Which of the following are mismatched?
(a) Electronics: Kanpur
(b) Petrochemicals: Chennai
(c) Software: Bengaluru
(d) Entertainment: Mumbai
Ans: (a) 

Answer the following questions 

Q1(a): Which is the largest mineral-based industry in India? Why is it called the backbone of all industries?
Ans:  

• The Iron and Steel industry is the biggest mineral-based sector in India.
• This industry is known as the backbone of all industries.
• It provides essential raw materials needed to make:
• Industrial machinery
• Electrical equipment
• Defense systems
• Railway infrastructure
• Automobiles
• Buildings
• Various other industrial and consumer products

Q1(b): What is an integrated steel plant? Give one example.
Ans: 

• An integrated steel plant is a facility where all steps, from getting raw materials to making and processing steel, happen in one place.
• An example of an integrated steel plant is the Bhilai Iron and Steel Plant, located in Bhilai.

Q1(c): State any three factors which affect the location of an integrated steel plant.
Ans: 

1.  Availability of raw material  — Integrated iron and steel plants are usually situated near their raw material sources.
2.  Power supply  — Sufficient power supply is crucial for operating various machinery.
3.  Labour force  — Access to affordable labor is also a significant factor.

Q1(d): (i) How is it advantageous for a mini steel plant to use electric furnaces?
(ii) How is it advantageous for a mini steel plant to be located far from the source of the raw material?
Ans: (i) Using electric furnaces in a mini steel plant is beneficial because:

1. It minimizes pollution since it relies on electric power.
2. It conserves coking coal.
3. It requires lower capital investment.

(ii) Being located far from raw material sources is advantageous for mini steel plants due to:

1. They can cater to local market demands across various regions.
2. They alleviate pressure on large integrated steel plants.
3. They primarily use scrap iron, which is readily available and cost-effective.

Q2(a): Name two major steel plants in the Public Sector. Name one steel plant that was set up with Russian collaboration.
Ans: Two major steel plants in the Public Sector are:

1. Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, Andhra Pradesh
2. Rourkela Steel Plant, Odisha

The Bhilai Iron and Steel Plant was established with Russian collaboration.

Q2(b): What are mini steel plants?
Ans: 

• Mini steel plants generally use ferrous scrap, pig iron, or sponge iron as their main materials.
• These plants operate using electric furnaces.
• The production capacity of mini steel plants can range from 10,000 tonnes to about 500,000 tonnes each year.
• Building and starting up these plants takes a relatively short amount of time.
• They are often situated in areas that are distant from larger, integrated steel plants.

Q2(c): Mention three factors which have helped Jamshedpur to develop into India's major centre of steel production.
Ans: Proximity to raw materials — Jamshedpur is close to various essential resources:

1. Iron ore from Gurumahisani mines in Odisha and Noamundi mines in Jharkhand
2. Manganese from Keonjhar district, Odisha
3. Limestone and dolomite from Sundargarh district, Odisha
4. Coal from Jharia and Bokaro coalfields

Cheap Labour  — The plant employs labor from the densely populated Ganga valley, mainly from Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Uttar Pradesh.

Transport Facilities  — Jamshedpur is well-connected with roads and railways, facilitating the movement of raw materials and finished products. It also has access to the Kolkata port for exports.

Q2(d): Name the steel plant located in Andhra Pradesh. What two advantages this steel plant have over the other steel plants in the public sector?
Ans: The Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is located in Andhra Pradesh.

Two advantages it has over other public sector steel plants are:

1. It is a modern integrated steel plant equipped with the latest technology and large units.
2. Visakhapatnam’s well-protected harbor and deep port facilitate the import of raw materials and export of finished products.

Q3(a): What are petrochemicals?
Ans: Petrochemicals are significant organic chemicals derived from petroleum products, LPG, and coal.

Q3(b): Why are traditional raw materials being replaced by petrochemical products?
Ans: 

• Petrochemicals are becoming more popular because they are affordable and provide economic stability.
• They can be made at lower prices due to their mass production.
• The raw materials for petrochemicals are easily available and do not rely on agricultural sources.
• In contrast to traditional materials like jute, which come from plants, petrochemicals are made from other sources.
• Because of their benefits, materials such as wood, glass, and metals are often being replaced by petrochemical products.

Q3(c): (i) Name any two products made from petrochemicals.
(ii) Why is a petrochemical industry usually located near an oil refinery?
Ans: (i) Two products made from petrochemicals are:

1. Plastic sheets
2. Resins and adhesives for industries

(ii) Petrochemical industries are typically situated near oil refineries to ensure a constant supply of essential materials like Naphtha, Ethylene, and Benzene.

Q3(d): The electronic industry has made an impact on both media and education. Give reasons to support your Answer.
Ans: 

• The electronics industry has created devices such as computers, servers, televisions, and cameras that help in gathering and sharing information through media and education.
• These technologies allow for the broadcasting of news, entertainment, and educational content to a wide audience.
• In the field of education, tools like smart boards, projectors, and interactive video clips make learning more engaging and effective.
• Moreover, during the pandemic, online classes enabled students to continue their studies from home, highlighting the importance of the electronics industry in modern education.

Q4(a): Name two industrial towns which are connected with the production of iron and steel.
Ans: Two industrial towns associated with iron and steel production are:

1. Visakhapatnam
2. Jamshedpur

Q4(b): Mini steel plants cause less pollution than integrated steel plants. Give reasons.
Ans: Mini steel plants generate less pollution compared to integrated steel plants because they primarily utilize electric furnaces, whereas integrated plants rely on coal for melting iron ore, leading to higher emissions.

Q4(c): State the difficulties experienced by the iron and steel industry in India.
Ans:  The iron and steel industry in India faces several challenges:

1.  Capital intensive  — The industry requires significant capital investment, and the plants often have a lengthy gestation period.
2.  Obsolete technology  — Many plants utilize outdated machinery.
3.  Limited availability of Coking coal  — India has limited coking coal reserves, resulting in many plants needing to import it.
4.  Sick industrial units  — Many plants are struggling or have shut down due to inadequate power supply and rising raw material costs.
5.  Control of Prices  — Government price controls limit profit margins for manufacturers.
6.  Inefficiently managed public sector  — Strikes, energy crises, and poor management contribute to underperformance in many public sector plants.
7.  Heavy demand  — To meet rising demand, substantial imports of iron and steel are necessary.

Q4(d): Give three reasons why the iron and steel industry is concentrated largely in the Chota Nagpur belt.
Ans:  The concentration of the iron and steel industry in the Chota Nagpur region is due to: 

•  The presence of important raw materials like iron ore, coal, limestone, and manganese nearby. 
•  Availability of a cheap labor force from nearby states such as West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh. 
•  A strong transportation network of roads and railways that helps in moving raw materials to factories. 

Thinking Skills 

Q1: Trace the historical events that led to the establishment of TISCO. List the factors that facilitated Sir Jamshedji Tata to set up the Steel Plant. Enumerate the benefits that India had due to this steel plant.
Ans: Sir Jamshedji Tata recognized the critical role of steel in India's development and aspired to establish a steel plant domestically. He acquired mining rights to valuable iron ore deposits in the Chota Nagpur region and secured land in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, which eventually became the site of the steel plant.

 Factors that facilitated the establishment of the steel plant include:

1.  Location — Jamshedpur's prime location concerning iron ore, fuel, and other resources.
2.  Availability of Raw Materials — The plant sources iron ore from Gurumahisani and Noamundi mines, manganese from Keonjhar, and limestone from Sundargarh, alongside coal from Jharia and Bokaro.
3.  Power Supply — Coal serves as the primary power source for the plant.
4.  Water Supply — Rivers Kharkai and Subarnarekha provide necessary water for cooling.
5.  Labour Force — Labor is sourced from the densely populated Ganga valley.
6.  Market — The plant's proximity to Kolkata enhances market access.
7.  Transport Facilities — Jamshedpur has excellent connectivity to roads and railways, facilitating material transport and access to the Kolkata port for exports.

 Benefits to India from TISCO's establishment include:

1. Promotion of industrialization and economic growth.
2. Development of infrastructure.
3. Advancement in technology.
4. Achieving self-reliance in steel production.
5. Diversification of industries.
6. Improvement in social conditions for local community

Q2: If you are given a choice to became an Electronics Engineer or a Software Engineer, which one you would choose and why?
Ans: 

• High Demand — There are many job openings in the field of software engineering.
• Lucrative Salaries — Software engineers usually earn good salaries and have appealing benefits.
• Flexibility and Work-Life Balance — Many software engineers can work from home and have flexible hours, which helps them balance their work and personal life better.
• Creativity and Problem-Solving — This field requires creative thinking and finding solutions to problems, allowing individuals to create new ideas and help advance technology.
• Continuous Learning — Because technology is always changing, software engineers need to keep learning and adapting to new programming languages, tools, and frameworks.
• Entrepreneurial Opportunities — A background in software engineering can lead to starting your own business.
• Collaboration and Teamwork — Software engineers often work in teams, which creates a friendly environment and allows them to collaborate with various professionals.
• Global Job Market — Skills in software engineering are needed all around the world.