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NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion - Physics Class 11 - NEET

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 

Q.1. A ball is travelling with uniform translatory motion. This means that
(a) It is at rest.
(b) The path can be a straight line or circular and the ball travels with uniform speed.
(c) All parts of the ball have the same velocity (magnitude and direction) and the velocity is constant.
(d) The centre of the ball moves with constant velocity and the ball spins about its centre uniformly.
Ans. (c)
Solution.
When a body moves in such a way that the linear distance covered by each particle of the body is same during the motion, then the motion is said to be translatory or translation motion.
Translatory motion can be, again of two types viz., curvilinear (shown in fig. (a)) or rectilinear (shown in fig. (b)), accordingly as the paths of every constituent particles are similarly curved or straight line paths. Here it is important that the body does not change its orientation. Here we can also define it further in uniform and non-uniform translatory motion. Here figure
(b) is uniformly translatory motion.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET


Q.2. A metre scale is moving with uniform velocity. This implies
(a) The force acting on the scale is zero, but a torque about the centre of mass can act on the scale.
(b) The force acting on the scale is zero and the torque acting about centre of mass of the scale is also zero.
(c) The total force acting on it need not be zero but the torque on it is zero.
(d) Neither the force nor the torque need to be zero.

Ans. (b)
Solution.
As the meter, the scale is moving with uniform velocity.
∴ No change in its velocity i.e., acceleration of it zero by Newton’s second law NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
∴ Hence net or resultant force must act on body zero.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
So torque must be zero.
Hence, for uniform motion force and torque, both must be zero.So, It verifies the option (b).

Q.3. A cricket ball of mass 150 g has an initial velocity NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET and a final velocity NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET after being hit. The change in momentum (final momentum-initial momentum) is (in kg m s1)
(a) zero
(b)NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
(c)NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
(d)NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Ans. (c)
Solution.
m = 150g = 0.15kg
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Change in momentumNCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET momentum-Initial momentum NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Hence, this verifies the option(c).

Q.4. In the previous problem (5.3), the magnitude of the momentum transferred during the hit is
(a) Zero
(b) 0.75 kg m s–1 
(c) 1.5 kg m s–1 
(d) 14 kg m s–1
Ans. 
(c)
Solution.

By previous solution,
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
= 1.5 kg ms-1
So, this verifies the option (c).

Q.5. Conservation of momentum in a collision between particles can be understood from
(a) Conservation of energy.
(b) Newton’s first law only.
(c) Newton’s second law only.
(d) Both Newton’s second and third law.

Ans. (d)
Solution.
(i) By Newton’s second law 
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
As NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET in law of conservation of momentum is zero.
i.e., NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET = 0
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET = 0
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
(ii) By Newton’s third law action force is equal to reaction force in magnitude but in opposite direction.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET (NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET = 0)
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
So proves the law of conservation of momentum and verifies the option (d).

Q.6. A hockey player is moving northward and suddenly turns westward with the same speed to avoid an opponent. The force that acts on the player is
(a) Frictional force along westward.
(b) Muscle force along southward.
(c) Frictional force along south-west.
(d) Muscle force along south-west.

Ans. (c)
Solution.
As we know rate of change of momentum is forceNCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET So in this case direction of force acting on player will be the same as the direction of change in momentum. Now to understand this in better let’s look the image below
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETshows player’s northward and westward directions respectively. Now NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETshows south direction soNCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETis towards south-west which means force on player will act on this direction.
Therefore, option (c) is correct.

Q.7. A body of mass 2kg travels according to the law x(t) = pt + qt2 + rt3 where p = 3ms−1 , q = 4ms−2 = and r = 5ms−3.
The force acting on the body at t = 2 seconds is
(a) 136 N
(b) 134 N
(c) 158 N
(d) 68 N

Ans. (a)
Solution.
We have given in question x(t) = pt + qt2 + rt3 so to find the force we will differentiate above position equation two times i.e.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
We have x(t) = pt + qt2 + rt3 where p = 3ms-1, q = 4ms-2, r = 5ms-3
So x(t) = 3t + 4t2 + 5t3
Now first derivative of above equation
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Q.8. A body with mass 5 kg is acted upon by a force NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETIf its initial velocity at t = 0 is NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET the time at which it will just have a velocity along the y-axis is
(a) Never
(b) 10 s
(c) 2 s
(d) 15 s

Ans. (b)
Solution.
We have to find the time at which the final velocity along the y axis which means x-component will be zero. We have NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETnow X-component = vx + axt = 0
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Therefore, option (b) is correct.

Q.9. A car of mass m starts from rest and acquires a velocity along east NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET in two seconds. Assuming the car moves with uniform acceleration, the force exerted on the car is
(a) mv/2  eastward and is exerted by the car engine.
(b) mv/2 eastward and is due to the friction on the tyres exerted by the road.
(c) more than mv/2 eastward exerted due to the engine and overcomes the friction of the road.
(d) mv/2 exerted by the engine.

Ans.
Solution.
Car start from rest mean initial velocity u = 0, alsoNCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET and t = 2s mass is given as m.
As we know NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Now force exerted on the car i.e.NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET here this force is due to engine of car so whatever this force is actually internal force in another words due to friction force the car moves in eastward direction.

Q.10. The motion of a particle of mass m is given by x = 0 for t < 0 s, x(t) = A sin4p t for 0 < t <(1/4) s (A > o), and x = 0 for t >(1/4) s. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) The force at t = (1/8) s on the particle is –16π2 A m.
(b) The particle is acted upon by on impulse of magnitude 4π2 A m at t = 0 s and t = (1/4) s.
(c) The particle is not acted upon by any force.
(d) The particle is not acted upon by a constant force.
(e) There is no impulse acting on the particle.

Ans. (a, b, d)
Solution.
We have given mass = m, x(t) = 0 for t < 0
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Now let’s look for time interval NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
x(t) = A sin 4πt
Also we know,
1st derivative of x(t) w.r.t. time will give velocity
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
2nd derivative of x(t) w.r.t. time will give velocity
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Then,
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Here, this force is obviously time dependent so force is not constant hence option (d) is correct.
Now let’s look to option (a) i.e. At NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
So from this we can say option (a) also correct.
Now for option (b) i.e. between t = 0 s and t = (1/4) s, as we know impulse is change in momentum or NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET so at t = (1/4) s impulse will be
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET here we have to keep in mind that F(t) varies from t=0 to maximum 1/8 s, so F (1/4) will be replaced by F (1/8) also from above we have found
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
so option(b) is also correct.
Option (c) is absolutely wrong as we have above found that force is acting.
Option (e) is also wrong because we have already calculated the impulse.

Q.11. In Fig, the co-efficient of friction between the floor and the body B is 0.1. The co-efficient of friction between the bodies B and A is 0.2. A force F is applied as shown on B. The mass of A is m/2 and of B is m. Which of the following statements are true?
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET(a) The bodies will move together if F = 0.25 mg.
(b) The body A will slip with respect to B if F = 0.5 mg.
(c) The bodies will move together if F = 0.5 mg.
(d) The bodies will be at rest if F = 0.1 mg.
(e) The maximum value of F for which the two bodies will move together is 0.45 mg.

Ans. (a, b, d, e)
Solution.
We have given NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET Let acceleration in body A and B is ‘a’.
Body A will move along with body B by force F till the force of friction between surface of A and B is larger or equal to zero.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETNow taking system A+B then acceleration will be
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
So force on A
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
If FAB is equal or smaller than f2 then body A will move along with body B.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
N = Reaction force by B on A
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
[N2 = Normal reaction on B along with A by surface]
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
From (i)
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET so adding this with equation (ii) we can say F = 0.45mg ...(iii)
F = 0.45mg Newton is the maximum force on B. so that A and B can move together. So option (e) is correct.
Both bodies can move together if F is less than or equal to 0.45mg Newton.
So options (a) and (b) are also correct and rejects the option (c) as 0.5mg>0.45mg.
For option (d): Minimum force which can move A and B together
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Given force in option (d) 0.1mg Newton <0.25mg Newton. So body A and B will not move i.e.
Bodies A and B will remain in rest hence option (d) is also correct.

Q.12. Mass m1 moves on a slope making an angle θ with the horizontal and is attached to mass m2 by a string passing over a frictionless pulley as shown in Fig. The co-efficient of friction between m1 and the sloping surface is µ.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET(a) If m2 > m1 sin θ, the body will move up the plane.
(b) If m2 > m1 > + (sinθ + µ cos θ), the body will move up the plane.
(c) If m2 < m1 + (sinθ + µ cos θ), the body will move up the plane.
(d) If m2 < m1 (sinθ - µ cos θ), the body will move down the plane.

Ans. (b, d)
Solution.
Let’s consider a case in which normal reaction i.e.
N = m1g cosθ from figure also we know friction
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETNCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Now from figure taking whole as a system then
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
when m1 will up and m2 will down.
Putting f in this equation
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET from this option (a) is totally wrong while option (b) is correct.
Now if body m1 moves down and m2 moves up then, direction of friction force (f) becomes upward (opp. to motion).
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Hence option (d) is correct but option (c) is wrong.

Q.13. In Fig, a body A of mass m slides on plane inclined at angle θ1 to the horizontal and µ1 is the coefficent of friction between A and the plane. A is connected by a light string passing over a frictionless pulley to another body B, also of mass m, sliding on a frictionless plane inclined at angle θ2 to the horizontal. Which of the following statements are true?NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET(a) A will never move up the plane.
(b) A will just start moving up the plane when
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
(c) For A to move up the plane, θ2 must always be greater than θ1.
(d) B will always slide down with constant speed.

Ans. (b, c)
Solution.

 Condition Free body diagrams
 NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
 NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
 Equation Tension and acceleration
  T - m1g sin α = m1a NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
 m2a = m2g sin β - T NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

In this problem first we have to decide the direction of motion. Let block A moves up the plane friction force on A will be downward (along the plane) as shown.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETNCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Q.14. Two billiard balls A and B, each of mass 50g and moving in opposite directions with speed of 5m s–1 each, collide and rebound with the same speed. If the collision lasts for 10–3 s, which of the following statements are true?
(a) The impulse imparted to each ball is 0.25 kg m s–1 and the force on each ball is 250 N.
(b) The impulse imparted to each ball is 0.25 kg m s–1 and the force exerted on each ball is 25 × 10–5 N.
(c) The impulse imparted to each ball is 0.5 Ns.
(d) The impulse and the force on each ball are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

Ans. (c, d)
Solution.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

According to the problem, balls are identical.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Initial velocity (u) = u1 = u2 = 5 m/s
Final velocity (v) = v1 = v2 = -5 m/s
Time duration of collision = 10-3s
Change in linear momentum = m(v - u)
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Impulse and force are opposite in directions.

Q.15. A body of mass 10kg is acted upon by two perpendicular forces, 6N and 8N. The resultant acceleration of the body is
(a) 1 m s–2 at an angle of tan-1 (4/3) w.r.t. 6N force.
(b) 0.2 m s–2 at an angle of tan-1 (4/3) w.r.t. 6N force.
(c) 1 m s–2 at an angle of tan-1 (3/4) w.r.t. 8N force.
(d) 0.2 m s–2 at an angle of tan-1 (3/4) w.r.t. 8N force.

Ans. (a, c)
Solution.
Recall the concept of resultant of two vectors, when they are perpendicular
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
As they are perpendicular, cos 90° = 0
So resultant will be NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
As shown in the diagram
According to the problem, mass = m = 10 kg
F1 = 6 N, F2 = 8 N
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Let θ1 be the angle between F and F1.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Let θ2 be angle between F and F2.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.1. A girl riding a bicycle along a straight road with a speed of 5 m s–1 throws a stone of mass 0.5 kg which has a speed of 15 m s–1 with respect to the ground along her direction of motion. The mass of the girl and bicycle is 50 kg. Does the speed of the bicycle change after the stone is thrown? What is the change in speed, if so?
Ans. Let m1 and m2 be the mass of girl with bicycle and stone respectively i.e. m1 = 50kg & m2 = 0.5kg
Also we have given u1 = 5m/s, u2 = 5m/s and v2 = 15 m/s and we have to find v1
As we know by law of conservation of momentum initial momentum (girl, bicycle, stone) = final momentum (cycle and girl) + stone
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Therefore, the speed of cycle and girl decreased by
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Q.2. A person of mass 50 kg stands on a weighing scale on a lift. If the lift is descending with a downward acceleration of 9 m s–2, what would be the reading of the weighing scale? (g = 10 m s–2)
Ans. Let the acceleration be ‘a’ when the lift is descending, then the apparent weight decreases on weighing scale
So W' = R
= mg - ma
= m(g - a)
Apparent weight due to reaction force by the lift on weighing scale will be
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Reading of weighing scale = R/g = 50/10 = 5 kg

Q.3. The position time graph of a body of mass 2 kg is as given in Fig. What is the impulse on the body at t = 0 s and t = 4 s.NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETAns. As we know impulse is change in momentum which can be written in terms of force
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
We have given mass of body m=2 kg, initial velocity (v1) at t=0 is zero. Now in the interval t ≥ 0 to t ≤ 4 x-t graph is straight line that mean velocity of body will remain constant.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
And when t ≤ 4 the slope of graph is zero so velocity will also be zero i.e. v3 = 0
Now NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET or Impulse=change in momentum
Impulse at t = 0
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Impulse at t = 4
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
So from above observation impulse at t = 0 increased by  + 1.50 kg ms-1 and at t = 4 it is decreased by -150 kg ms-1.

Q.4. A person driving a car suddenly applies the brakes on seeing a child on the road ahead. If he is not wearing seat belt, he falls forward and hits his head against the steering wheel. Why?
Ans. When a person applies breaks suddenly, the lower part of person slows rapidly with the car, but the upper part of driver continue to move with same speed in the same direction due to the inertia of motion and his head car hit with steering.

Q.5. The velocity of a body of mass 2 kg as a function of t is given by NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETFind the momentum and the force acting on it, at time t = 2s.
Ans. we have mass m = 2kg and NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
So momentum at 2 sec p (2) = mv (2)
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Hence momentum and force at 2 sec will be NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET and NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET respectively.

Q.6. A block placed on a rough horizontal surface is pulled by a horizontal force F. Let f be the force applied by the rough surface on the block. Plot a graph of f versus F.
Ans. 
Let f (frictional force) at y-axis and F at x-axis
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETNow when a small force F1 is applied on a heavier box, this box does not move, at this state, force of friction f1 is equal to F1. Increasing force on box does not move till F = fs (the maximum static frictional or limiting force).
After force fs, the frictional force decrease i.e. less kinetic force F< fs is applied on body and it starts to move with less friction
In diagram A is equivalent to limiting frictional force and a B is equivalent to kinetic frictional force.

Q.7. Why are porcelain objects wrapped in paper or straw before packing for transportation?
Ans. Porcelain (or glass) objects are brittle in nature and can crack even small jerk on it. During transportation sudden jerks or even fall takes place.
When objects are packed in paper or straw etc. the objects takes more time to stop or change velocity during jerks (due to breaks, or uneven road) so acceleration (v - u)/t decreased. So the force on objects will be smaller and objects become safer.

Q.8. Why does a child feel more pain when she falls down on a hard cement floor, than when she falls on the soft muddy ground in the garden?
Ans. The effect of force F = ma. i.e., if the mass is constant for a system to decrease force, the ‘a’ should be decreased a = (v - u)/t initial and final velocity of falling body on a surface are u and zero. so it cannot be changed. If time during hitting is increased, the acceleration decreased and force will decrease.
On cemented hard floor the time to stop after fall on it is very-very small. But when she/he falls on soft ground of garden she/he sinks in ground and takes more time to stop hence smaller force or pain acts on her/him.

Q.9. A woman throws an object of mass 500 g with a speed of 25 m s1.
(a) What is the impulse imparted to the object?
(b) If the object hits a wall and rebounds with half the original speed, what is the change in momentum of the object?

Ans. (a) Mass of object m = 500 g = 0.5 kg
u = 0, v = 25 m/s
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Hence, the NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET or force is opposite to the initial velocity of ball.

Q.10. Why are mountain roads generally made winding upwards rather than going straight up?
Ans. On an inclined plane force of friction on a body going upward is fs = μN cos θ where θ is angle of inclination of a plane with horizontal if θ is small, the force of friction is high and there is a less chance of skidding. The road straight up would have a larger angle and smaller would be the value of friction, hence more are the chances of skidding. 



SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.11. A mass of 2kg is suspended with thread AB (Fig). Thread CD of the same type is attached to the other end of 2 kg mass. Lower thread is pulled gradually, harder and harder in the downward directon so as to apply force on AB. Which of the threads will break and why?
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Ans. Thread AB will break. Force on CD is equal to the force (f) applied at D downward, but the force on thread AB is equal to the force F along with force due to mass 2 kg downward. so the force on AB is 2kg more than applied force at D.Hence the thread AB will break up.

Q.12. In the above given problem if the lower thread is pulled with a jerk, what happens?
Ans. Thread CD will break up if CD is pulled with the jerk because pull on thread CD is not transmitted from CD to AB by mass 2 kg due to its inertia of rest.

Q.13. Two masses of 5 kg and 3 kg are suspended with help of massless inextensible strings as shown in Fig. Calculate T1 and T2 when whole system is going upwards with acceleration = 2 m s2 (use g = 9.8 m s–2).
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Ans. As the whole system is going up with acceleration = a= 2ms-2
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETTension in a string is equal and opposite in all parts of a string.
Forces on mass m1
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Forces on mass m2
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Q.14. Block A of weight 100 N rests on a frictionless inclined plane of slope angle 30° (Fig.). A flexible cord attached to A passes over a frictionless pulley and is connected to block B of weight W. Find the weight W for which the system is in equilibrium.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETAns. Main concept used: On balanced condition i.e., no motion then no frictional force or

f = 0
Solution.
During equilibrium of A or B
mg sin30° = F
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
For B is at rest W = F = 50N.

Q.15. A block of mass M is held against a rough vertical wall by pressing it with a finger. If the coefficient of friction between the block and the wall is µ and the acceleration due to gravity is g, calculate the minimum force required to be applied by the finger to hold the block against the wall ?
Ans. Let F force is applied by the finger on a body of mass M to hold rest against the wall. Under the balanced condition
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
F = N
And f = Mg
⇒ μF = Mg
or NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET is the minimum force to hold the block against the wall at rest.

Q.16. A 100 kg gun fires a ball of 1kg horizontally from a cliff of height 500m. It falls on the ground at a distance of 400m from the bottom of the cliff. Find the recoil velocity of the gun. (acceleration due to gravity = 10 m s–2)
Ans. Given, the height of the cliff is,
Height of the cliff, h=500 m
Mass of the ball, m= 1 kg
Mass of the gun, M=100 kg
Range of the ball, R= 400 m
Acceleration due to gravity, g= 10 m s-2
Let the final velocity of the ball be u and the of the gun be v.
Now we know, time of flight is
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
And range is given by:
R = ut
So, u=400/10 = 40 m s-2
Therefore, the velocity is:
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
The recoil velocity of the gun is 0.4 m s-1.

Q.17. Figure shows (x, t), (y, t) diagram of a particle moving in 2-dimensions
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
If the particle has a mass of 500 g, find the force (direction and magnitude) acting on the particle.
Ans. From graph (a)
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
From figure (b) y = t2
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
F = 1 N toward Y-axis.

Q.18. A person in an elevator accelerating upwards with an acceleration of 2 m s–2, tosses a coin vertically upwards with a speed of 20 m s1. After how much time will the coin fall back into his hand? (g = 10 m s–2)
Ans. Here, the initial velocity of the coin is, u = 20 m s1
And the acceleration of the elevator is, a = 2 m s-2
Here, let’s think this problem from the elevator reference frame. For the person inside the elevator going up with acceleration 2 m s-2 will experience a net acceleration of (g+a) which is 12 m s-2.
And as the coin return back to its original position (because we are in the elevator reference frame), the net displacement (s) is zero.
So we can use the laws of motion to solve the problem.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Here, a' = a + g = 12 m s-2
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
So the time of flight of the coin is 3.33 seconds.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.1. There are three forces F1, F2 and F3 acting on a body, all acting on a point P on the body. The body is found to move with uniform speed.
(a) Show that the forces are coplanar.
(b) Show that the torque acting on the body about any point due to these three forces is zero.

Ans. (a) We know force is a vector quantity. From the theory of planes, we know that two intersecting lines form a plane.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETLet these lines be F1 and F2. This means that the vector sum, F1 + F2 is also on this plane.
As the body is moving with uniform speed, the acceleration is zero. So the net of all forces is zero.
F1 + F2 + F3 = 0
So, F3 = - (F1 + F2)
This means even F3 lies on the same plane as F1 and F2.
Thus the forces are coplanar.
(b) As the sum of all forces are zero, the net torque in any direction is zero. For example, torque about “O” is
Τ = OP x (F1 + F2 + F3)
Τ = 0 as (F1 + F2 + F3) = 0
Hence, torque acting about any point is also zero.

Q.2. When a body slides down from rest along a smooth inclined plane making an angle of 45° with the horizontal, it takes time T. When the same body slides down from rest along a rough inclined plane making the same angle and through the same distance, it is seen to take time pT, where p is some number greater than 1. Calculate the co-efficient of friction between the body and the rough plane
Ans.
General case
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Smooth case
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Rough case
Acceleration a = g sinθ − µg cosθ
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Q.3. Figure shows (vx,t),and(vy,t) diagrams for a body of unit mass. Find the force as a function of time.NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETNCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETAns. Here, as the velocity shows different behavior at different times, we have to divide time into intervals to specify velocity.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Now, we can differentiate velocity to calculate Forces(F).
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Hence, the total force is
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Q.4. A racing car travels on a track (without banking) ABCDEFA (Fig.). ABC is a circular arc of radius 2 R. CD and FA are straight paths of length R and DEF is a circular arc of radius R = 100 m. The co-effecient of friction on the road is µ = 0.1. The maximum speed of the car is 50 m s–1. Find the minimum time for completing one round.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Ans. To find the total time, we find the time of each segments.
Segment: ABC
Here, the frictional force is
f = μmg
And the centripetal force is
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Therefore,
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Segment:DEF
Again, the centripetal force is equal to friction.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Now, the time taken is distance/speed.
For ABC, the distance is
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
And for DEF we have
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Therefore,
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET = 86.3
Hence the time taken is 86.3 seconds.

Q.5. The displacement vector of a particle of mass m is given by NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
(a) Show that the trajectory is an ellipse.
(b) Show that Fr = −mω2r.

Ans. (a) Here, the x and y coordinates are
x = A cos ωt
y = B sin ωt
The equation of an ellipse is:
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Substituting x and y, we find that LHS = RHS.
So the trajectory is an ellipse.
(b) To find force, we need to find acceleration.
This can be found by differentiating r two times with respect to t.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
And
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
We know,
F = ma
⇒ F = -mrω2

Q.6. A cricket bowler releases the ball in two different ways
(a) Giving it only horizontal velocity, and
(b) Giving it horizontal velocity and a small downward velocity.
The speed vs at the time of release is the same. Both are released at a height H from the ground. Which one will have greater speed when the ball hits the ground? Neglect air resistance.

Ans.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
For (b) also
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET is the total energy of the ball when it hits the ground
So the speed would be the same for both (a) and (b).

Q.7. There are four forces acting at a point P produced by strings as shown in Fig. which is at rest. Find the forces F1 and F2 
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEETAns. As the particle is rest or a = 0. So resultant force due to all forces will be zero.
∴ Net components along X and Y-axis will be zero.
Resolving all forces along X-axis
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
Resolving all forces along Y-axis
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Q.8. A rectangular box lies on a rough inclined surface. The co-efficient of friction between the surface and the box is µ. Let the mass of the box be m.
(a) At what angle of inclination θ of the plane to the horizontal will the box just start to slide down the plane?
(b) What is the force acting on the box down the plane, if the angle of inclination of the plane is increased to α > θ ?
(c) What is the force needed to be applied upwards along the plane to make the box either remain stationary or just move up with uniform speed?
(d) What is the force needed to be applied upwards along the plane to make the box move up the plane with acceleration a?

Ans. (a) As the box just start to slide down the plane then μ = tan θ (by angle of repose)
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
(b) If angle α > θ, the angle of inclination of the plane with horizontal it will slide down (f upward) as θ is the angle of repose. So net force downward
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
(c) To keep the box either stationary or just move it up with uniform velocity (1 =0) upward f downward)
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET(d) The force applied f.to move the box upward with acceleration a,
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Q.9. A helicopter of mass 2000kg rises with a vertical acceleration of 15 m s–2. The total mass of the crew and passengers is 500 kg.
Give the magnitude and direction of the (g = 10 m s–2)
(a) Force on the floor of the helicopter by the crew and passengers.
(b) Action of the rotor of the helicopter on the surrounding air.
(c) Force on the helicopter due to the surrounding air.

Ans. (a) From the diagram, the force on the floor(F) is given by:
F - mg = ma
Where m is the mass of the crew and a is the upwards acceleration.
(b) Here, we have to consider all the weight if the system. The force due to rotor Fr is:
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET
(c) This force is just the reaction force of Fr. So the force due to surrounding air is 6.25 x 104 N.
NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET

The document NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion | Physics Class 11 - NEET is a part of the NEET Course Physics Class 11.
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FAQs on NCERT Exemplar: Laws of Motion - Physics Class 11 - NEET

1. What are the three laws of motion described by Newton?
Ans. The three laws of motion described by Newton are: 1. Newton's first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force. 2. Newton's second law of motion states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. It can be mathematically expressed as F = ma. 3. Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.
2. What is the concept of inertia?
Ans. Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion. According to Newton's first law of motion, an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force. Inertia is directly related to the mass of an object. Objects with more mass have greater inertia and require more force to change their state of motion.
3. How is force related to acceleration?
Ans. According to Newton's second law of motion, force is directly proportional to acceleration. The mathematical relationship between force, mass, and acceleration is given by the equation F = ma, where F represents force, m represents mass, and a represents acceleration. This means that the greater the force applied to an object, the greater its acceleration will be, provided its mass remains constant.
4. Can an object be in motion without any external force acting on it?
Ans. According to Newton's first law of motion, an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force. Therefore, an object can continue to be in motion without any external force acting on it, as long as no other force is present to change its state of motion. This is known as the law of inertia.
5. What are some real-life examples of Newton's third law of motion?
Ans. Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Some real-life examples of this law include: - When a person jumps off a boat onto the dock, the boat moves backward due to the reaction force. - When a rocket is launched, the force exerted by the gases expelled from the rocket propels it forward. - When a ball is thrown against a wall, the ball rebounds in the opposite direction due to the equal and opposite reaction force from the wall.
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