UPSC Exam > UPSC Notes > NCERT Textbooks in Hindi (Class 6 to Class 12) > NCERT Solutions: जीवों में विविधता (Diversity In Living Organisms)
जीवों में विविधता (Diversity In Living Organisms) NCERT Solutions | NCERT Textbooks in Hindi (Class 6 to Class 12) - UPSC PDF Download
अभ्यास
प्रश्न.1. जीवों के वर्गीकरण से क्या लाभ है?
जीवों के वर्गीकरण के निम्नलिखित लाभ हैं:
- यह जीवों के विकास को समझने में हमारी मदद करता है।
- यह विभिन्न जीवों के बीच समानता और विभिन्नता के बारे में बताता है।
- यह विभिन्न प्रकार के जीवों के अध्ययन को हमारे लिए आसान बनाता है।
प्रश्न.2. वर्गीकरण में पदानुक्रम निर्धारण के लिए दो लक्षणों में से आप किस लक्षण का चयन करेंगे?
हम उस लक्षण का चयन करेंगे जो पहले पोषण के स्त्रोत तथा शारीरिक संगठन को निर्धारित करता हों।
प्रश्न.3. जीवों के पाँच जगत में वर्गीकरण के आधार की व्याख्या कीजिए।
- जीव एककोशिकीय है या बहुकोशिकीय।
- कोशिका यूकैरियोटिक है या प्रोकेरियोटिक।
- जीव स्वपोषी है या विषमपोषी।
- जीव का शारीरिक विकास कहां तक हुआ है।
प्रश्न.4. पादप जगत के प्रमुख वर्ग कौन हैं? इस वर्गीकरण का क्या आधार है?
पादप जगत के प्रमुख वर्ग निम्नलिखित हैं:
- थैलोफाइटा
- ब्रायोफाइटा
- टेरिडोफाइटा
- जिम्नोस्पर्म
- एंजियोस्पर्म
वर्गीकरण का आधार:
- पादप शरीर के प्रमुख घटक पूर्ण रूप से विकसित एवं विभेदित है या नहीं।
- पादप शरीर में बीज धारण की क्षमता है या नहीं।
- पादप शरीर में जल तथा अन्य पदार्थ को संवहन करने में विशिष्ट उत्तकों की उपस्थिति है अथवा नहीं।
प्रश्न.5. जंतुओं और पौधों के वर्गीकरण के आधारों में मूल अंतर क्या है?
शारीरिक संगठन मूल अंतर है। पौधे स्वपोषी हैं। ये प्रकाश संश्लेषण के लिए क्लोरोफिल का प्रयोग करते हैं। अपना खाना स्वयं बना सकते हैं लेकिन वही जंतुओं को खाने के तलाश में एक जगह से दूसरी जगह जाना पड़ता है। पौधें बीच उत्पन्न करते हैं वही जंतु बच्चे को जन्म देते हैं।
प्रश्न.6. वर्टीब्रेटा (कशेरुक प्राणी) को विभिन्न वर्गों में बाँटने के आधार की व्याख्या कीजिए।
इन जीवों में नोटोकॉर्ड, मेरुरज्जु, त्रिकोरिक शरीर, युग्मित क्लोम थैली तथा देहगुहा पाई जाती है।
कशेरुक जंतुओं में वास्तविक मेरुदंड एवं अंतःकंकाल भी पाया जाता है। इस कारण इन जंतुओं में पेशियों का वितरण अलग होता है। इनमें ऊतकों एवं अंगों का जटिल विभेदन पाया जाता है।
उपरोक्त लक्षणों के आधार पर वर्टीब्रेटा को पाँच वर्गों में विभाजित किया जाता है:
- मत्स्य वर्ग
- जल स्थलचर
- सरीसृप
- पक्षी
- और स्तनपाई
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