Inclusive Education NCERT Solutions | Communicative English for Class 10 PDF Download

C.1. Read the following story. 
Fox was very happy that there were more than 50 admissions in his new school. He was determined to make it, the best school in the jungle. He introduced everything in his curriculum: reading, writing, arithmetic, swimming, dancing, running, climbing trees etc. and insisted that teachers should take classes regularly and test the students regularly. The teachers however were very unsatisfied with the results. However much they tried, they couldn't teach the lion to swim, the tiger always failed in climbing trees and the crow refused to sing. The teachers tried all the methods and regularly conducted classes. The students had to attend special classes. The peacock would help the teacher conduct dancing classes but the pig could not get a single step correct. Likewise, the owl did not want to learn to read and the monkey could not swim. All the students failed in the exams and Fox was very worried. Then the wise bat told him to let the students 
Discuss in groups of four, the following questions :

• What was wrong with Fox’s school initially ?
• What were the reasons for improvement in the results ?
• Do you think the schools in the present day resemble Fox’s school ? If yes / no say how ?
• Can the Bat’s advice be extended to present day schools ? If yes, how ? If no, why ?

Ans: Students to discuss in groups as desired as directed by their class teacher. Some
information is given below on the above points to help them in their discussion :

• The wrong with Fox’s school initially was that he introduced many things in his curriculum. These were not liked at all by the students. Also they didn’t have an inherent interest for them.
• The reasons for improvement in the results were that despite teachers’ doing their best the students failed and failed. The teachers were very unhappy with the results. They tried all methods and conducted classes regularly. But no improvement was there.
• Yes, the schools in the present day resemble Fox’s school. The subjects taught to the students fail to excite them to learn. They are boring and not related to real-life situations. School education doesn’t make them competent to face the problems of life. There is no coordination between what one learns at school and what he has to learn to lead a happy life later.
• The wise Bat’s advice deserves to be extended to present day schools. It is so because students shall learn those things quickly for which they have a liking and an aptitude, or an inherent curiosity. When the students of Fox’s school were given the subjects of their liking and in relation to natural instincts they excelled in them. This should be the way to give education to all.

C.2. Discuss within your group in what way is the story of the Fox’s school applicable to your classroom. How can the issue of inclusion of students with different abilities be addressed in the best possible way ?
Ans: Group activity at classroom level. Some additional information is given below to enable the students to discuss the point in detail and with conviction :
The story of the Fox’s school is fully applicable to the classroom. If the students have a liking for a particular subject, they will learn it in the best manner. For instance, a student likes to study sports as he excels in it. He will do best in it if he is given sports as the main subject. But if he is forced to learn or study Sanskrit, he will miserably fail.
In such a backdrop, students must be identified as per their liking and inherent traits. Then they should be sent to those classes or subjects which cater to their talent and traits. Thus the issue of inclusion of students with different abilities can be addressed in this way.
Additionally, students identified with different abilities can be groomed by specialised courses. These should be relating to their inherent abilities and talents from the beginning. For instance, a student showing a potential for cricket can be sent to a cricket school to brighten in cricket. Going this way would bring in great results.

C.3. What does the term “inclusive education” mean to you ?
To me the term “inclusive education” means …………………………….
Ans: …. the education which is singly and totally devoted to one subject or one goal. Though ‘inclusive’ means including all things related to one particular aspect, it, here, means a different kind of education. It comprises the things which have an inherent connection with the students’ tastes, likings, talents and abilities.

C.4. Read the poem given below :
I am SPECIAL, and so are You
___________________________________
Ans: Students to read the poem on their own
SUMMARY
The poet says that he and all others are special. He asks the reader to think what could have happened if Mother Nature had been uniform and all living beings had been the same. If ants, apes, leopards, bears, birds, clouds, leaves fish etc, had been uniform, life could have been tragic.
God is to be thanked that we all have different shapes and sizes, looks, talent etc. Friends are fat, skinny, graceful, slow, funny, helpful, intelligent, dance-lovers etc. This gives uniqueness.
The poet says further that his friends are intelligent. They are winners in dancing, music, painting and sports. Then there are others who are full of other surprises. This is because each of us is one of a kind specially created and specially designed.
Each of us has a purpose, a role, a goal and a dream. Each of us is different, special and rare. Therefore, the poet advises that we should love one another as life has an aim. This is to be happy being special. We should do what we do as we all are special.

C.5. Based on your understanding of the poem, have a group discussion on the topic : ‘Inclusion means acceptance of diversity in a classroom. ’ After having the discussion, a member of each group will make a brief presentation to the class, giving the views and opinions of the group.
Ans: Classroom activity. Group discussion on the topic to proceed as desired. The following points will help in the discussion :

1. analysis of the comprehensive meaning of Inclusive Education vis-a-vis present-day situation. Meaning of diversity in a classroom like—a classroom has students having different tastes, talents, skills, backgrounds, inherent likes and dislikes.
2. Physical conditions suiting getting Inclusive Education in the face of non-availability of infrastructural support.
3. Curriculum and its viability suiting the provision of Inclusive Education.
4. Diversity can’t be overlooked or ignored as it is the spice of life.
5. Diversity—a force of character—to be recognised and ways and means to be explored to sharpen a student’s personal interests, likes and dislikes.
6. Drawbacks, if any, of the present-day system of education and suggestions for further diversification or improvements in consonance with the ground truths.

C.6. Working in groups, illustrate the poem. Put up your illustrations on the class notice board under catchy titles.
Ans: Students to draw their illustrations on their own as desired.

C.7. Now read the news story given below.
West Bengal Boy is World’s Youngest Headmaster
Ans: Students to read the news story on their own.
SUMMARY
At 16 years of age Babar Ali is, perhaps, the youngest headmaster in the world. He is incharge of teaching hundreds of students in his family’s backyard. These students are, indeed, poor and from his village. This young man is from Murshidabad in West Bengal.
Babar Ali’s day starts early. He jumps on an auto-rickshaw after doing household chores and reaches the Raj Govinda School. It is at a distance of ten kms. Babar Ali has to walk two kms to reach it. The school is neat and clean. It is fully equipped with furniture and dedicated teachers.
Babar Ali sits in the middle in the front row. He is a tall, slim, smart and studious teenager wearing a blue and white uniform. He is a model student and first member of his family to get a proper education.
Raj Govinda school is govt, run and so it is free. Babar Ali has to pay for his uniform, books and rickshaw. It costs around 1800 rupees a year to send him to school. Many poor families can’t afford to send their children to the school.
Chumki Hajra, 14-years old, has never been to school. She lives in a tiny shack. Every morning she scrubs the dishes instead of going to school. She has bee^ doing this work since she was five. Her father is handicapped and can’t work. But Chumki is getting education with hundreds of other poor children, thanks to Babar Ali. Babar Ali rushes back to his school from Raj Govinda school after it is over. He reaches it at 4 O’clock. A bell summons all children to his house. He now acts as head¬master of his own unofficial school.
Babar Ali gives the lessons the way he gets from his teachers. The children sit in the mud, some on rickety benches while family chickens scratch around here and there. His school has 800 students all from poor families, all taught free. He was just nine when he began teaching a few friends as a game. He says that in the beginning he play-acted. But later he realised that they won’t learn to read and write if they didn’t have proper lessons. He calls it his duty to educate them to help our country build a better future.
There are ten teachers at his school. They volunteer their services free. Ali doesn’t charge for anything. Books, food etc, are free and funded by donations. He admits that without his school they won’t be ever literate.
There are about twelve other girls besides Chumki Hajra. Her dedication is incredible as she works, in homes in the village from six in the morning till 2 pm. Then she heads for Ali’s school. She dreams to become a nurse one day. With that in her mind she is attending Ali’s school. The school has been recognized by the local authorities as it has helped increase literacy rates in the area. Babar Ali has won many awards for his work.
The youngest children are just four or five. There are a couple of electric bulbs to give light when it is dark. There are little problems when seasons change. The monsoon comes and children hurry for cover. They crowd under a piece of plastic sheeting. Babar Ali shouts an order. Lessons are cancelled as rain disrupts the working. The children hurry home through the downpour. Tomorrow they will be back though.

C.8. On the basis of your reading of the above text complete the following sentences:

1. What makes Babar Ali’s tale extraordinary is ___________
2. That Babar Ali values his education is evident ___________
3. In spite of the fact that he studies in a government school, receiving an education is not easy because : (a) ___________ (b) ___________
4. Chumki is likely to achieve her dream of becoming a nurse because she has the qualities of : (a) ___________ (b) ___________
5. The poor infrastructure that the students of Babar Ali’s school study in is obvious from ___________
6. It is ironical that though the poor children are hungry for knowledge ___________

Ans:

1. his being at the age of 16 the youngest headmaster in the world
2. in his giving out to the poor children what he has been learning from his school teachers. It is in his hardwork to teach the poor children and in running his school.
3. (a) it is far away and (b) it is very costly
4. (a) working very hard in scrubbing the dishes and cleaning the homes of her neighbours and,(b) her deep ambition to be a nurse
5. the absence of furniture. His ‘school’ has rickety benches. It is under a rough, is homemade shelter and with family chickens scratching around nearby.
6. no government or non-govt, organizations come to the real help of Babar Ali, the youngest headmaster in the world.

C.9. Find one word or phrase from the passage that means the same as the following :
(a) extremely serious, bad or terrible (para 1-3)
(b) to give enthusiastic support (para 4-5)
(c) lanky (para 6-8)
(d) to leave to go to another place (para 13-14)
(e) wobbly (para 16-17) .
(f) to write something hastily or untidily (para 22-23)
(g) very difficult to believe (para 23-25)
(h) scamper (para 27-28)
(i) heavy shower (para 28)
Ans:
(a) direst
(b) pitches in
(c) gangly
(d) heads off
(e) rickety
(f) scribbling
(g) incredible
(h) scurry
(i) downpour

C.10. Smt. Anju Kar, Minister (Mass Education), West Bengal comes across BBC’s story of Babar Ali’s remarkable achievements transforming the lives of hundreds of poor children.
She writes a letter to him lauding his extraordinary efforts and undeterred spirit of reform in the face of adversity. She also promises support, both financial and academic to him. As Anju Kar, write the letter to Babar Ali.
Ans:
Minister (Mass Education)
Govt, of West Bengal Kolkata
5 October, 20 – –
My dear Babar Ali
I have come across BBC’s story of you and your remarkable achievements in transforming the lives of hundreds of poor children through teaching them even in adverse conditions. My heart goes with you when I realize how wonderfully you have contributed to the cause of govt’s, mass education campaign. This makes it more creditable without any govt, assistance. The country feels proud of you and the people of West Bengal bow their heads in gratitude to your determined efforts in educating the poor population. Despite difficulties and other adverse circumstances you have riicely been discharging your social responsibilities towards the educationally deprived. in a way, you are helping the underprivileged to fulfil their dreams through literacy. You are a pathfinder tor the youth of the country irl doing something useful for it. In this way you are an inspirer for thousands of such children.
I, as Minister of Education, am exploring all possible avenues to provide you every possible financial and other assistance. It is to ensure that you do not face any problem in your great duties. I am also recommending your case for a special grant to the Hon’ble Chief Minister.
Wishing all success in your great efforts.
Yours sincerely
(Smt.) Anju Kar

C.11. Writing a Biosketch
BIOSKETCH
Biographical sketch means an account of the life and activities of an individual or family. It would include information about the person's name, place of residence, education, occupation, life and activities and other important details. A biographical sketch is always written by someone else except the person on whom it is written.
A bio-sketch presents the facts about the person's life including what the person did and how he/she influenced the world. It should describe the person's personality and provide an explanation for why he or she acted in certain ways.
Most bio-sketches not only present the facts but also tell what those facts mean.

SAMPLE BIO-SKETCH
With the help of the given clues, write a bio sketch of Subhash Chandra Bose in not more than 80-100 words :
Name : Subash Chandra Bose ; Netaji
Contribution : immense, Freedom Fighter
Born : January 23, 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa.
Career : Civil Services
Achievements : Joined struggle; established Indian National Army
Motto : Gain independence for India "Give me blood and I will give you freedom”
Setback : Retreat after the defeat of Japan and Germany
Death : Air crash over Taipei, Taiwan (Formosa) on August 18, 1945 Subhash Chandra Bose, affectionately called Netaji, was born on January 23, 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. He was one of the most prominent leaders of Indian freedom struggle. Deeply moved by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, he gave up a promising career in the Civil Service to join the Freedom Movement. He founded the Indian National Army to overthrow British Empire from India. His famous line was "Give me blood and will give you freedom". However, defeat of Japan and Germany in the Second World War forced INA to retreat and it could not achieve its objective. Subhash Chandra Bose was reportedly killed in an air crash over Taipei, Taiwan (Formosa) on August 18, 1945.

Read the biographical details of famous Tamil writer -Bama and write a biosketch on the basis of these details.

• Bama - Born 1958, creative Tamil, woman writer, committed teacher, social activist -popularly known as Karukku Bama.
• Penname -- Faustina Mary Fatima Rani.
• Novels --Karukku, Sangati and Vanman- translated into other Indian languages, English and French.
• Wrote twenty short stories --not published in book form.
• Honorary doctorate degree, Crossword Award for her semi-fictional autobiography Karukku.
• Invited by universities in India and abroad --lectures at various conferences..
• Multi-faceted personality-woman with extraordinary courage, conviction, resistance to any form of oppression
• Keen eye for beauty in nature, profound insight into issues pertaining to caste, religion, women.
• Clear thoughts and expression
• Dedicated to the upliftment of the downtrodden: passion-Teaching:
  Mission --Building a casteless society 

Ans: Bama, alias Karukku Bama
Bama, popularly known as Karukku Bama, was born in 1958. She is a creative Tamil woman writer, a committed teacher and a social activist. She has a penname in Faustina Mary Fatima Rani. She has written novels with the titles Karukku, Sangati and Vanman. She has translated them into other Indian languages, English and French. Bama has also written twenty short stories which have not yet been published in book form. She was awarded a Honorary doctorate degree. She was honoured with a Crossword Award for her semi-fictional autobiography Karukku. She was invited by universities in India and abroad. She also lectured at various conferences held in the country and abroad.
Bama is a multi-faceted personality. She is a woman with extraordinary courage and conviction. She resists any form of oppression. She has a keen eye for beauty in nature and profound insight into the issues pertaining to caste, religion and women. She is endowed with clear thoughts and expression. Bama is dedicated to the uplift of the downtrodden. Her passion is teaching and mission of life is building a casteless society.

C.12. Your teacher will read out from page 241 Steve Jobs' speech. Complete the following statements by ticking the correct options from those given. 

1.  Steve dropped out of college because 
a)  He did not want to waste his parents' money 
b)  He did not see any value in college education 
c)  Both a & b 
Ans: (c) Both a & b

2.  Steve's decision to drop out of college was the best decision because 
a) He could save his parents' money 
b) He could start earning 
c) He could attend classes he was interested in 
Ans: (c) He could attend classes he was interested in

3.  What was the significance of his calligraphy classes? 
a) Helped him  design different typefaces in his computer 
b) Assisted in helping him earn money during his college days
c) Presented hardly any practical value. 
Ans: (a) Helped him design different typefaces in his computer

4.  What does connecting the dots in our life, mean? 
a)  Looking backwards to see how the choices we made affect our lives 
b)  Looking forward and believing that every action has a purpose 
c)  Both a&b
Ans: (c) Both a & b

Q13: Steve Jobs believes that we cannot really predict as to how, what we learn now will become useful to us in future. Do you believe in this? In small groups discuss how some of the things you learn in school will be useful to you in future. Make a list and present it to the class in the form of a poster. 
Ans: Group Discussion Activity
How Some Things We Learn in School Will Be Useful in the Future:

• Mathematics – Helps in problem-solving, logical thinking, and financial literacy.
• Science – Develops curiosity, innovation, and understanding of the world around us.
• Language Skills – Improves communication, writing, and professional interactions.
• History – Teaches lessons from the past, cultural awareness, and critical thinking.
• Computer Skills – Essential for technology-based careers and digital literacy.
• Physical Education – Encourages fitness, teamwork, and discipline.
• Art & Creativity – Enhances imagination, design skills, and innovation in various fields. 

Presentation Idea: Create a poster with the title "Skills We Learn Today, Success Tomorrow" and illustrate each subject's future importance with drawings and keywords.

C.14. In life we face many choices and we are required to make decisions. For instance, you will soon be faced with the choices of different subjects and careers. Like what Steve Jobs has explained, the decisions we make in life, if based on conviction, interest and gut feeling, help us achieve our dreams. When we choose a path based on our instinct and interest, we will realize in future how important that decision was in shaping our life. This is what Jobs refers to as 'connecting the dots':
Ans: Connecting the Dots in Our Own Lives

• Like Steve Jobs, we may not realize the importance of some decisions now, but later in life, they will make sense.
• Choosing the right subjects and career paths based on our interest and passion will lead us to success.

Examples from our lives:

• Learning coding today → Helps in developing future apps and websites.
• Writing and speaking skills → Helps in public speaking and job interviews.
• Problem-solving in mathematics → Useful in business, technology, and decision-making.

Presentation Idea: Design a flowchart poster with examples of choices we make now and how they will help us in the future, titled "The Dots That Shape Our Future."

C.15. Based on your understanding of Inclusive Education from this section , write an article on the topic-- 'Inclusive Education is not an alternative but an inevitability' ,for publication in your school magazine. You may keep the following factors affecting Inclusive Education in mind: 

• Attitude of parents, teachers, classmates and the society 
• Physical support
• Curriculum support
• Teacher support
• Policy support
• Infrastructure

Ans: Inclusive education means students getting to study what they like to study. It means making a student aware of his/her unique talents and allowing them to express their individuality. Inclusive education means everyone getting an equal opportunity to study irrespective of their financial condition. Such education should help a student make his/her own unique career choice.
The attitude of parents, teachers, classmates and the society in general plays a major role in promoting inclusive education. The curriculum should be such that it inculcates inclusive education and the teachers should also teach in an interesting manner. There should be enough policy support and infrastructure support for a student to pursue the subjects that interest him.