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NCERT Textbook: Cell Cycle & Cell Division | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE PDF Download

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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Cell Cycle & Cell Division - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

1. What is the cell cycle, and what are its stages?
Ans. The cell cycle is the process by which a cell grows, replicates its DNA, and divides into two daughter cells. It consists of two main stages: interphase and the mitotic phase. Interphase is further divided into three stages: G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), and G2 (Gap 2). The mitotic phase consists of five stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
2. What is mitosis, and what is its importance?
Ans. Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It is important for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. Mitosis allows for the distribution of identical genetic material to each daughter cell, ensuring that they are genetically identical to the parent cell.
3. What is meiosis, and how is it different from mitosis?
Ans. Meiosis is the process of cell division that occurs in sexually-reproducing organisms to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells). Meiosis produces four genetically diverse daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is different from mitosis, which produces two genetically identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
4. What is cancer, and how does it relate to the cell cycle?
Ans. Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells in the body. It is caused by mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle, leading to the loss of control over cell division. Cancer cells can divide and grow uncontrollably, forming tumors that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Understanding the cell cycle and the mechanisms that control it is important for developing treatments for cancer.
5. How do cells know when to enter each stage of the cell cycle?
Ans. The cell cycle is regulated by a complex network of proteins and signaling pathways that ensure that each stage is completed correctly before the next stage begins. These signals are generated by both internal and external cues, such as the availability of nutrients, DNA damage, and growth factors. The regulation of the cell cycle is a highly coordinated process that is essential for the proper functioning of cells and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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