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NCERT Textbook: Thermodynamics | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE PDF Download
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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Thermodynamics - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE
| 1. What is thermodynamics? |  |
Ans. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with the relationship between heat, work, and energy. It studies how energy is transferred from one form to another and how it affects the properties of matter.
| 2. What are the laws of thermodynamics? | |
Ans. The laws of thermodynamics are fundamental principles that govern energy and its transformations. The four laws are:
1. The zeroth law: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
2. The first law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed. It is also known as the law of conservation of energy.
3. The second law: The entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant over time. It describes the direction of natural processes.
4. The third law: As a system approaches absolute zero, its entropy approaches a minimum value.
| 3. What is the difference between heat and work in thermodynamics? | |
Ans. Heat and work are two forms of energy transfer in thermodynamics:
- Heat is the transfer of energy due to a temperature difference between two systems. It is a spontaneous process that flows from a hotter object to a cooler object.
- Work is the transfer of energy due to a force acting through a distance. It can be done by or on a system and can change the system's internal energy.
| 4. What is the significance of the Carnot cycle in thermodynamics? | |
Ans. The Carnot cycle is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle that is used as a benchmark for the maximum efficiency of heat engines. It consists of four processes: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression. The Carnot cycle's significance lies in its ability to determine the maximum efficiency achievable by any heat engine operating between two temperature reservoirs.
| 5. How is thermodynamics applied in everyday life? | |
Ans. Thermodynamics has various practical applications in everyday life, including:
- Heating and cooling systems: Thermodynamics principles are used to design and optimize heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
- Engines and power plants: The efficiency and performance of engines and power plants are improved using thermodynamic principles.
- Refrigerators and heat pumps: Thermodynamics is the basis for the functioning of refrigerators and heat pumps, which are widely used in homes and industries.
- Cooking: Thermodynamics principles play a role in cooking processes such as boiling, baking, and frying, determining the temperature and time required for cooking food.
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