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NCERT Textbook: Gravitation | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE PDF Download

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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Gravitation - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

1. What is the formula for gravitational force?
Ans. The formula for gravitational force is given by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Mathematically, it can be expressed as F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2, where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between their centers of mass.
2. Why do objects fall towards the Earth?
Ans. Objects fall towards the Earth due to the force of gravity. Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects with mass. Earth has a larger mass compared to most objects on its surface, so it exerts a gravitational force on them. This force pulls objects towards the center of the Earth, causing them to fall.
3. What is the difference between mass and weight?
Ans. Mass and weight are two different concepts. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and is constant. It does not depend on the location or the gravitational field. Weight, on the other hand, is the force exerted on an object due to gravity. It depends on the mass of the object and the strength of the gravitational field. Weight can vary depending on the location, while mass remains the same.
4. How does the distance between two objects affect the gravitational force between them?
Ans. The distance between two objects directly affects the gravitational force between them. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the force of gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the centers of mass of the two objects. This means that as the distance between the objects increases, the gravitational force decreases. Conversely, as the distance decreases, the gravitational force increases.
5. What is the significance of the gravitational constant (G)?
Ans. The gravitational constant (G) is a fundamental constant in physics that determines the strength of the gravitational force between two objects. It is a universal constant and has the same value throughout the universe. The value of G is approximately 6.67430 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2. The gravitational constant allows us to quantify the gravitational force between objects and helps us understand the principles of gravitation on a larger scale.
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