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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Towns, Traders & Craftspersons - Old & New NCERTs for IAS Preparation (Must Read) - UPSC

1. What were the main factors that led to the growth of towns during the medieval period?
Ans. The growth of towns during the medieval period was due to several factors such as the development of trade and commerce, the growth of crafts and industries, and the emergence of a money economy. The towns were also centers of political and administrative power, and the rulers granted charters that allowed the townspeople to govern themselves.
2. What were the main occupations of people living in towns during the medieval period?
Ans. The main occupations of people living in towns during the medieval period were traders, craftspersons, and merchants. The traders were involved in the buying and selling of goods, while the craftspersons were skilled artisans who produced goods such as textiles, pottery, and metalwork. The merchants were involved in the financing and management of trade and commerce.
3. What was the role of guilds in the medieval towns?
Ans. Guilds were associations of craftspersons who worked to regulate their craft and protect the interests of their members. Guilds set standards for the quality of goods produced, fixed prices, and controlled the entry of new members into the craft. They also provided social and economic support to their members, such as healthcare, pensions, and education for their children.
4. How did the growth of towns affect the feudal system during the medieval period?
Ans. The growth of towns during the medieval period challenged the feudal system, as the townspeople were not bound by the traditional obligations of serfdom and vassalage. The townspeople were free to pursue their own economic interests and govern themselves, which led to the emergence of a new social class of merchants and traders who were not tied to the landowning aristocracy.
5. What were the main features of the urban culture that emerged in medieval towns?
Ans. The urban culture that emerged in medieval towns was characterized by a diversity of people and cultures, as traders and craftsmen from different regions and countries came together in the towns. The towns also had their own distinctive architecture, with narrow streets, alleys, and squares, and public buildings such as markets, churches, and town halls. Urban culture was also marked by the emergence of new forms of entertainment, such as theater, festivals, and fairs.
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