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NCERT Textbook: Understanding Laws - Indian Polity for UPSC CSE
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Page 1 Social and Political Life 42 Chapter 4 You may be familiar with some laws such as those that specify the age of marriage, the age at which a person can vote, and perhaps even the laws dealing with buying and selling of property. We now know that the Parliament is in charge of making laws. Do these laws apply to everyone? How do new laws come into being? Could there be laws that are unpopular or controversial? What should we as citizens do under such circumstances? Understanding Laws 2022-23 Page 2 Social and Political Life 42 Chapter 4 You may be familiar with some laws such as those that specify the age of marriage, the age at which a person can vote, and perhaps even the laws dealing with buying and selling of property. We now know that the Parliament is in charge of making laws. Do these laws apply to everyone? How do new laws come into being? Could there be laws that are unpopular or controversial? What should we as citizens do under such circumstances? Understanding Laws 2022-23 43 Understanding Laws ? Read the following situation and answer the questions that follow. A government official helps his son go into hiding because his son has been given a ten-year jail sentence by a District Court for a crime that he has committed. Do you think that the government official’s actions were right? Should his son be exempt from the law just because his father is economically and politically powerful? Do Laws Apply to All? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ? ? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ???? Chapter 4: Understanding Laws 2022-23 Page 3 Social and Political Life 42 Chapter 4 You may be familiar with some laws such as those that specify the age of marriage, the age at which a person can vote, and perhaps even the laws dealing with buying and selling of property. We now know that the Parliament is in charge of making laws. Do these laws apply to everyone? How do new laws come into being? Could there be laws that are unpopular or controversial? What should we as citizens do under such circumstances? Understanding Laws 2022-23 43 Understanding Laws ? Read the following situation and answer the questions that follow. A government official helps his son go into hiding because his son has been given a ten-year jail sentence by a District Court for a crime that he has committed. Do you think that the government official’s actions were right? Should his son be exempt from the law just because his father is economically and politically powerful? Do Laws Apply to All? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ? ? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ???? Chapter 4: Understanding Laws 2022-23 Social and Political Life 44 ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????????? 2022-23 Page 4 Social and Political Life 42 Chapter 4 You may be familiar with some laws such as those that specify the age of marriage, the age at which a person can vote, and perhaps even the laws dealing with buying and selling of property. We now know that the Parliament is in charge of making laws. Do these laws apply to everyone? How do new laws come into being? Could there be laws that are unpopular or controversial? What should we as citizens do under such circumstances? Understanding Laws 2022-23 43 Understanding Laws ? Read the following situation and answer the questions that follow. A government official helps his son go into hiding because his son has been given a ten-year jail sentence by a District Court for a crime that he has committed. Do you think that the government official’s actions were right? Should his son be exempt from the law just because his father is economically and politically powerful? Do Laws Apply to All? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ? ? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ???? Chapter 4: Understanding Laws 2022-23 Social and Political Life 44 ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????????? 2022-23 45 The word ‘arbitrary’ has been used earlier in this book and you’ve read what the word means in the Glossary of Chapter 1. The word ‘sedition’ has been included in the Glossary of this chapter. Read the Glossary descriptions of both words and then answer the following questions: State one reason why you think the Sedition Act of 1870 was arbitrary? In what ways does the Sedition Act of 1870 contradict the rule of law? Domestic violence generally refers to the injury or harm or threat of injury or harm caused by an adult male, usually the husband, against his wife. Injury may be caused by physically beating up the woman or by emotionally abusing her. Abuse of the woman can also include verbal, sexual and economic abuse. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 extends the understanding of the term ‘domestic’ to include all women who ‘live or have lived together in a shared household’ with the male member who is perpetrating the violence. ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ? ? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ???? ??? ? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ? ? ??? ? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? How Do New Laws Come About? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? Chapter 4: Understanding Laws Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) www.in.undp.org 2022-23 Page 5 Social and Political Life 42 Chapter 4 You may be familiar with some laws such as those that specify the age of marriage, the age at which a person can vote, and perhaps even the laws dealing with buying and selling of property. We now know that the Parliament is in charge of making laws. Do these laws apply to everyone? How do new laws come into being? Could there be laws that are unpopular or controversial? What should we as citizens do under such circumstances? Understanding Laws 2022-23 43 Understanding Laws ? Read the following situation and answer the questions that follow. A government official helps his son go into hiding because his son has been given a ten-year jail sentence by a District Court for a crime that he has committed. Do you think that the government official’s actions were right? Should his son be exempt from the law just because his father is economically and politically powerful? Do Laws Apply to All? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ? ? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ???? Chapter 4: Understanding Laws 2022-23 Social and Political Life 44 ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????????? 2022-23 45 The word ‘arbitrary’ has been used earlier in this book and you’ve read what the word means in the Glossary of Chapter 1. The word ‘sedition’ has been included in the Glossary of this chapter. Read the Glossary descriptions of both words and then answer the following questions: State one reason why you think the Sedition Act of 1870 was arbitrary? In what ways does the Sedition Act of 1870 contradict the rule of law? Domestic violence generally refers to the injury or harm or threat of injury or harm caused by an adult male, usually the husband, against his wife. Injury may be caused by physically beating up the woman or by emotionally abusing her. Abuse of the woman can also include verbal, sexual and economic abuse. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 extends the understanding of the term ‘domestic’ to include all women who ‘live or have lived together in a shared household’ with the male member who is perpetrating the violence. ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ? ? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ???? ??? ? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ? ? ??? ? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? How Do New Laws Come About? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? Chapter 4: Understanding Laws Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) www.in.undp.org 2022-23 Social and Political Life 46 April 1991: A typical day at their office... Throughout the 1990s, the need for a new law was raised in different forums. In 1999, Lawyers Collective, a group of lawyers, law students and activists, after nation-wide consultations took the lead in drafting the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Bill. This draft bill was widely circulated. Kusum and Shazia work for a women's organisation. They remember the journey of how the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act got passed. October 2006 Shazia, did you read today’s newspapers? Isn’t it a great day for women? Not just women. Violence-free homes will benefit everyone. Kusum, it’s taken such a long time to get this law passed. In fact, it began with establishing the need for a new law. I need advice. My husband beats me up. I haven’t told anyone so far. I feel so ashamed. I can’t go on like this anymore. But I have nowhere to go. I am being ill-treated by my son and daughter- in-law. They verbally abuse me. I have no access to my bank accounts. They may even throw me out. I do not want to go to the police. I just want to stop the violence. I just don’t want to be thrown out of the house I am living in. Unfortunately the existing law is a criminal one and does not offer these options. We’ve heard testimonies of several women. We’ve seen that women want protection against being beaten, the right to continue living in a shared household and often temporary relief. We need a new civil law to address this issue. The law should cover any women living within a shared domestic space. They should be protected from being evicted from the shared household. What about some monetary relief? The definition of domestic violence should include physical, economic, sexual and verbal and emotional abuse. 2022-23Read More
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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Understanding Laws - Indian Polity for UPSC CSE
| 1. What is the importance of understanding laws? |  |
Ans. Understanding laws is important as it helps individuals navigate through legal processes and ensures their rights and responsibilities are protected. It allows people to make informed decisions, avoid legal complications, and seek legal remedies when needed.
| 2. What are the different sources of law? | |
Ans. There are primarily three sources of law: statutory law, common law, and constitutional law. Statutory law is created by legislative bodies, common law is developed through court decisions, and constitutional law is derived from a country's constitution.
| 3. What is the difference between civil law and criminal law? | |
Ans. Civil law deals with disputes between individuals or entities, where one party seeks compensation or resolution for harm caused. Criminal law, on the other hand, involves offenses against society and is concerned with punishment for wrongdoing, usually by the state.
| 4. What are the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution? | |
Ans. The Indian Constitution guarantees various fundamental rights to its citizens, including the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and right to constitutional remedies.
| 5. How can one seek legal remedies in case of a violation of rights? | |
Ans. In case of a violation of rights, one can seek legal remedies through various means, such as filing a complaint with the relevant authorities, approaching the judiciary for redressal, or seeking help from legal aid organizations. It is important to consult a lawyer to understand the appropriate legal recourse in each specific situation.
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Document Description: NCERT Textbook: Understanding Laws for UPSC 2023 is part of Indian Polity for UPSC CSE preparation.
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The content of NCERT Textbook: Understanding Laws is prepared as per the latest UPSC syllabus.
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