Natural Vegetation of India - Indian Geography, UPSC, IAS | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy PDF Download

Natural Vegetation of India

Natural Vegetation of India

Types of vegetation

• Tropical evergreen & semi-evergreen.
• Tropical Deciduous – moist & dry
• Tropical Thorns and shrubs.
• Montane
• Tidal forests

Types of vegetation

Tropical evergreen & semi-evergreen

• Found in warm & humid areas with an annual rainfall of over 200 cm. and temperature above 22 degree
• Evergreen by nature
• Height 60 meters and above.
• Main trees are ebony, mahogany and rosewood.
• The regions are Western Ghats Andaman & Nicobar Is. and N.E.India

Semi-Evergreen forest

• Found in less rainy parts of regions of evergreen forests
• Main species are : cedar , hollock, kail.

Tropical Deciduous

Tropical Deciduous

• Also called Monsoon forests.
• Found in areas where rainfall is between 70cm to 200cms.
• Main areas are :U P, Bihar, Orissa, Bihar, Chhatisgarh, Shiwalik hills and ranier parts of peninsula.
• Main trees are Teak ,Sal, shisham, hurra, khair, Amaltas etc.

Tropical Thorn

• Occurs in areas where rainfall is below 50 cms.
• Consists of variety of grass and ahrubs
• Areas included are SW Punjab, U.P, Rajasthan, Gujrat,Haryana and M.P.
• Kikar, Babool,Neem and Date palms are the main trees.

Montane Forests

Montane forest

• Can be divided into- Northern mountain & Southern mountain forests
• The Himalayan Temperate and Alpine forests
  are found in all the ranges of middle and upper Himalayas.
• The trees range from 100-250cms.at an elevation 1600-3000mts and
• the Alpine forests at a higher elevation of 3500mts and above.
• A great variety of species like broad leafed temperate evergreen trees like oaks, laurels, chestnuts, walnuts etc…
• The Alpine vegetation consists of birch junipers, silver fir and rhododendrons.
• At higher altitudes, mosses and kichens form part of the Tundra vegetation

• The southern mountain forest include the forests found in Peninsular India- Vindhya, Western Ghats and Nilgiri
• Here the vegetation is temperate in the higher regions and sub-tropical in the lower regions
• The temperate forests are called “Sholas” in South

Tidal forest

• Found along the coasts and river areas.
• Can survive in both fresh and salty water.
• Sundari is a well known Mangrove tree.
• The main area is Sunder ban delta. It is a delta of Ganga and Brahamputra.