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Nehruvian Approach to Development Video Lecture | Post Independence History for UPSC Mains

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1. What is the Nehruvian approach to development?
Ans. The Nehruvian approach to development refers to the development policies and strategies implemented by the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. It focused on industrialization, modernization, and the establishment of a socialist economy. Nehru emphasized the role of the state in planning and controlling economic development, with a strong emphasis on self-sufficiency and public sector industries.
2. What were the main goals of the Nehruvian approach to development?
Ans. The main goals of the Nehruvian approach to development were industrialization, modernization, and the establishment of a self-reliant economy. Nehru sought to reduce poverty, unemployment, and socio-economic disparities through planned development. Other objectives included improving infrastructure, promoting education, and reducing dependence on foreign aid.
3. Did the Nehruvian approach to development succeed in achieving its goals?
Ans. The success of the Nehruvian approach to development is a matter of debate. While there were significant achievements in sectors such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure, the approach also faced criticism for its overemphasis on heavy industries and the neglect of agriculture and rural development. Additionally, the dominance of the public sector and centralized planning led to inefficiencies and a lack of innovation in the economy.
4. How did the Nehruvian approach to development impact India's economy?
Ans. The Nehruvian approach to development had a mixed impact on India's economy. On one hand, it laid the foundation for the growth of a strong industrial base and public sector enterprises. It also focused on building essential infrastructure like dams, power plants, and institutions of higher education. On the other hand, the approach faced challenges such as low agricultural productivity, trade protectionism, and bureaucratic inefficiencies, which hindered overall economic growth.
5. Is the Nehruvian approach to development still relevant today?
Ans. The relevance of the Nehruvian approach to development in today's context is a subject of debate. While some argue that its emphasis on social welfare and state intervention is still relevant for addressing socio-economic disparities, others criticize its centralized planning and state control as obstacles to economic liberalization and private sector growth. Modern development strategies often incorporate elements of both state-led and market-led approaches, taking lessons from the past experiences of India and other countries.
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