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Introduction


The UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage acknowledges and safeguards living traditions globally, encompassing cultural practices, expressions, knowledge, and skills. It highlights the importance of preserving these dynamic elements that shape identities and foster cultural diversity.

Durga Puja in Kolkata, included in 2021

Durga Puja is an annual festival celebrated grandly in September or October throughout West Bengal, as well as in other parts of India and among the Bengali diaspora. It revolves around the worship of the Hindu mother-goddess Durga and holds immense significance in Kolkata. Leading up to Durga Puja, skilled artisans craft clay images of Durga, with the worship commencing on Mahalaya, when her eyes are painted on to bring the goddess to life. 

Nitin Singhania Summary: UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage- 2 - UPSC

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What is the significance of Durga Puja in Kolkata?
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The festival concludes on Dashami, its final day, and holds emotional significance for Bengalis, symbolizing a 'home-coming' or a return to one's roots. The highlights of Durga Puja in Kolkata include pandals, lights, decorations, sculptures, food, gatherings, and a carnival. In 2021, 'Durga Puja in Kolkata' attained the status of Intangible Cultural Heritage. 

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FAQs on Nitin Singhania Summary: UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage- 2 - UPSC

1. What is Durga Puja?
Ans. Durga Puja is a religious and cultural festival celebrated primarily in the Indian state of West Bengal, especially in the city of Kolkata. It is dedicated to the worship of Goddess Durga, who symbolizes power and the triumph of good over evil. The festival typically involves elaborate decorations, traditional rituals, cultural performances, and the immersion of clay idols of Goddess Durga.
2. What is the significance of Durga Puja in Kolkata?
Ans. Durga Puja holds immense significance in Kolkata as it is the most important and widely celebrated festival in the city. Kolkata transforms into a hub of festivities during this time, with beautifully decorated pandals (temporary structures) showcasing artistic themes and intricate idols of Goddess Durga. The festival brings together people from all walks of life, promoting communal harmony, cultural heritage, and a sense of unity among the residents of Kolkata.
3. What does it mean for Durga Puja to be included in UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage?
Ans. The inclusion of Durga Puja in UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage signifies global recognition of its cultural and social importance. It acknowledges the festival's unique customs, rituals, and practices associated with the celebration of Durga Puja in Kolkata. This recognition helps in preserving and promoting the festival's traditions, ensuring its continuity and awareness among future generations.
4. How does Durga Puja contribute to the intangible cultural heritage of Kolkata?
Ans. Durga Puja contributes to the intangible cultural heritage of Kolkata by showcasing various aspects of the city's rich cultural fabric. It involves traditional rituals, such as the chanting of mantras, performance of dance and music, and the creation of intricate idols by skilled artisans. The festival also promotes cultural exchange, as artists and craftsmen showcase their talents through pandal decorations and cultural performances, preserving and promoting the city's artistic traditions.
5. How does Durga Puja impact tourism in Kolkata?
Ans. Durga Puja has a significant impact on tourism in Kolkata. The festival attracts a large number of domestic and international tourists who visit the city to witness the grandeur and cultural extravaganza associated with Durga Puja. The influx of tourists during this time boosts the local economy, leading to increased business activities in sectors such as hospitality, transportation, and retail. Additionally, it helps in promoting Kolkata as a vibrant cultural destination and showcasing its unique traditions to a global audience.
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