Notes: President | Political Science & International Relations: Mains Optional - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


 
Powers of the President of India
Executive Powers:  
The executive powers and functions of the President are:
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his
name. 
(b) He can make rules specifying the manner in which the orde
instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated.
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the
government, and for allocation of the said business among the
(d) He appoints the prime 
during his pleasure. 
(e) He appoints the attorney general of India and determines his
The attorney general holds office during the pleasure of the
(f) He appoints the comptroller 
commissioner and other election commissioners, the chairman and
the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of
and members of finance commission, and so on.
(g) He can seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the
Union, and proposals for legislation from the prime minister.
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the
of ministers, any matter on which a decisi
which has not been considered by the council.
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs,
and other backward classes. 
(j) He can appoint an inter-
cooperation. 
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators
appointed by him. 
 
of India: 
The executive powers and functions of the President are: 
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his
(b) He can make rules specifying the manner in which the orders and other
instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated. 
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the
government, and for allocation of the said business among the ministers.
 minister and the other ministers. They hold office
(e) He appoints the attorney general of India and determines his remuneration. 
The attorney general holds office during the pleasure of the President.
(f) He appoints the comptroller and auditor general of India, the chief election
commissioner and other election commissioners, the chairman and members of 
the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of states, the chairman 
and members of finance commission, and so on. 
seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the
Union, and proposals for legislation from the prime minister. 
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the
matter on which a decision has been taken by a minister but, 
which has not been considered by the council. 
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs,
 
-state council to promote Centre–state and interstate
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his 
rs and other 
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the Union 
ministers. 
minister and the other ministers. They hold office 
remuneration. 
President. 
and auditor general of India, the chief election 
members of 
states, the chairman 
seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the 
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the council 
minister but, 
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs, STs 
and interstate 
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators 
Page 2


 
Powers of the President of India
Executive Powers:  
The executive powers and functions of the President are:
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his
name. 
(b) He can make rules specifying the manner in which the orde
instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated.
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the
government, and for allocation of the said business among the
(d) He appoints the prime 
during his pleasure. 
(e) He appoints the attorney general of India and determines his
The attorney general holds office during the pleasure of the
(f) He appoints the comptroller 
commissioner and other election commissioners, the chairman and
the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of
and members of finance commission, and so on.
(g) He can seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the
Union, and proposals for legislation from the prime minister.
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the
of ministers, any matter on which a decisi
which has not been considered by the council.
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs,
and other backward classes. 
(j) He can appoint an inter-
cooperation. 
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators
appointed by him. 
 
of India: 
The executive powers and functions of the President are: 
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his
(b) He can make rules specifying the manner in which the orders and other
instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated. 
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the
government, and for allocation of the said business among the ministers.
 minister and the other ministers. They hold office
(e) He appoints the attorney general of India and determines his remuneration. 
The attorney general holds office during the pleasure of the President.
(f) He appoints the comptroller and auditor general of India, the chief election
commissioner and other election commissioners, the chairman and members of 
the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of states, the chairman 
and members of finance commission, and so on. 
seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the
Union, and proposals for legislation from the prime minister. 
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the
matter on which a decision has been taken by a minister but, 
which has not been considered by the council. 
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs,
 
-state council to promote Centre–state and interstate
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his 
rs and other 
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the Union 
ministers. 
minister and the other ministers. They hold office 
remuneration. 
President. 
and auditor general of India, the chief election 
members of 
states, the chairman 
seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the 
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the council 
minister but, 
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs, STs 
and interstate 
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators 
 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to
administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas.
Legislative Powers: 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the
following legislative powers.
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha.
can also summon a joint sitting of both the Houses of Par
presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session
each general election and the first session of each year.
(c) He can send messages to the Houses of Parliament
bill pending in the Parliament or otherwise.
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
vacant. Similarly, he can also appoint 
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and
Deputy Chairman fall vacant.
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons
special knowledge or practical experience in
service. 
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo
Community. 
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the
Parliament, in consultation with the Election Commission.
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure
Consolidated Fund of India, or a bill for the alteration of
creation of a new state. 
(i) When a bill is sent to the President after it has been passed by the
he can: 
 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to
administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas. 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the
following legislative powers. 
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha.
can also summon a joint sitting of both the Houses of Parliament,
presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. 
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session
each general election and the first session of each year. 
(c) He can send messages to the Houses of Parliament, whether with respect
bill pending in the Parliament or otherwise. 
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
vacant. Similarly, he can also appoint any member of the Rajya Sabha
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and
Deputy Chairman fall vacant. 
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons
special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, art
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the
Parliament, in consultation with the Election Commission. 
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure
Consolidated Fund of India, or a bill for the alteration of boundaries of states or 
(i) When a bill is sent to the President after it has been passed by the 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to the 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the 
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha. He 
liament, which is 
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session after 
, whether with respect to a 
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its 
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker fall 
any member of the Rajya Sabha to 
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and the 
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons having 
literature, science, art and social 
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo-Indian 
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the 
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain types 
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure from the 
boundaries of states or 
 Parliament, 
Page 3


 
Powers of the President of India
Executive Powers:  
The executive powers and functions of the President are:
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his
name. 
(b) He can make rules specifying the manner in which the orde
instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated.
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the
government, and for allocation of the said business among the
(d) He appoints the prime 
during his pleasure. 
(e) He appoints the attorney general of India and determines his
The attorney general holds office during the pleasure of the
(f) He appoints the comptroller 
commissioner and other election commissioners, the chairman and
the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of
and members of finance commission, and so on.
(g) He can seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the
Union, and proposals for legislation from the prime minister.
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the
of ministers, any matter on which a decisi
which has not been considered by the council.
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs,
and other backward classes. 
(j) He can appoint an inter-
cooperation. 
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators
appointed by him. 
 
of India: 
The executive powers and functions of the President are: 
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his
(b) He can make rules specifying the manner in which the orders and other
instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated. 
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the
government, and for allocation of the said business among the ministers.
 minister and the other ministers. They hold office
(e) He appoints the attorney general of India and determines his remuneration. 
The attorney general holds office during the pleasure of the President.
(f) He appoints the comptroller and auditor general of India, the chief election
commissioner and other election commissioners, the chairman and members of 
the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of states, the chairman 
and members of finance commission, and so on. 
seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the
Union, and proposals for legislation from the prime minister. 
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the
matter on which a decision has been taken by a minister but, 
which has not been considered by the council. 
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs,
 
-state council to promote Centre–state and interstate
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his 
rs and other 
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the Union 
ministers. 
minister and the other ministers. They hold office 
remuneration. 
President. 
and auditor general of India, the chief election 
members of 
states, the chairman 
seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the 
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the council 
minister but, 
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs, STs 
and interstate 
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators 
 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to
administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas.
Legislative Powers: 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the
following legislative powers.
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha.
can also summon a joint sitting of both the Houses of Par
presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session
each general election and the first session of each year.
(c) He can send messages to the Houses of Parliament
bill pending in the Parliament or otherwise.
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
vacant. Similarly, he can also appoint 
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and
Deputy Chairman fall vacant.
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons
special knowledge or practical experience in
service. 
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo
Community. 
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the
Parliament, in consultation with the Election Commission.
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure
Consolidated Fund of India, or a bill for the alteration of
creation of a new state. 
(i) When a bill is sent to the President after it has been passed by the
he can: 
 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to
administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas. 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the
following legislative powers. 
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha.
can also summon a joint sitting of both the Houses of Parliament,
presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. 
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session
each general election and the first session of each year. 
(c) He can send messages to the Houses of Parliament, whether with respect
bill pending in the Parliament or otherwise. 
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
vacant. Similarly, he can also appoint any member of the Rajya Sabha
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and
Deputy Chairman fall vacant. 
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons
special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, art
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the
Parliament, in consultation with the Election Commission. 
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure
Consolidated Fund of India, or a bill for the alteration of boundaries of states or 
(i) When a bill is sent to the President after it has been passed by the 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to the 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the 
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha. He 
liament, which is 
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session after 
, whether with respect to a 
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its 
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker fall 
any member of the Rajya Sabha to 
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and the 
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons having 
literature, science, art and social 
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo-Indian 
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the 
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain types 
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure from the 
boundaries of states or 
 Parliament, 
 
(i) give his assent to the bill, or
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or
(iii) return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for reconsideration of t
Parliament. 
However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament, with or without
amendments, the President has to give his assent to the bill.
(j) When a bill passed by a state legislature is reserved by the governor for
consideration of the Presiden
(i) give his assent to the bill, or
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or
(iii) direct the governor to return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for
reconsideration of the state legis lature. It should be noted here that it
obligatory for the President to give his assent even if the bill is
the state legislature and sent again to him for his
(k) He can promulgate ordinances when the Parliament is not in session.
ordinances must be approv
reassembly. He can also withdraw an ordinance at any time.
(l) He lays the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General, Union Public
Service Commission, Finance Commission, and others, before the
(m) He can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Daman and Diu. In the case of Puducherry also, the President can
making regulations but only 
Financial Powers: 
The financial powers and functions of the President are:
(a) Money bills can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior
recommendation. 
 
(i) give his assent to the bill, or 
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or 
(iii) return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for reconsideration of t
However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament, with or without
amendments, the President has to give his assent to the bill. 
(j) When a bill passed by a state legislature is reserved by the governor for
consideration of the President, the President can: 
(i) give his assent to the bill, or 
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or 
(iii) direct the governor to return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for
reconsideration of the state legis lature. It should be noted here that it
obligatory for the President to give his assent even if the bill is again passed by 
the state legislature and sent again to him for his consideration. 
(k) He can promulgate ordinances when the Parliament is not in session.
ordinances must be approved by the Parliament within six weeks
reassembly. He can also withdraw an ordinance at any time. 
(l) He lays the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General, Union Public
Service Commission, Finance Commission, and others, before the Parliament
(m) He can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Daman and Diu. In the case of Puducherry also, the President can 
making regulations but only when the assembly is suspended or dissolved.
The financial powers and functions of the President are: 
(a) Money bills can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior
(iii) return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for reconsideration of the 
However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament, with or without 
(j) When a bill passed by a state legislature is reserved by the governor for 
(iii) direct the governor to return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for 
reconsideration of the state legis lature. It should be noted here that it is not 
again passed by 
(k) He can promulgate ordinances when the Parliament is not in session. These 
ed by the Parliament within six weeks from its 
(l) He lays the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General, Union Public 
Parliament. 
(m) He can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of 
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and 
 legislate by 
or dissolved. 
(a) Money bills can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior 
Page 4


 
Powers of the President of India
Executive Powers:  
The executive powers and functions of the President are:
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his
name. 
(b) He can make rules specifying the manner in which the orde
instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated.
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the
government, and for allocation of the said business among the
(d) He appoints the prime 
during his pleasure. 
(e) He appoints the attorney general of India and determines his
The attorney general holds office during the pleasure of the
(f) He appoints the comptroller 
commissioner and other election commissioners, the chairman and
the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of
and members of finance commission, and so on.
(g) He can seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the
Union, and proposals for legislation from the prime minister.
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the
of ministers, any matter on which a decisi
which has not been considered by the council.
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs,
and other backward classes. 
(j) He can appoint an inter-
cooperation. 
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators
appointed by him. 
 
of India: 
The executive powers and functions of the President are: 
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his
(b) He can make rules specifying the manner in which the orders and other
instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated. 
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the
government, and for allocation of the said business among the ministers.
 minister and the other ministers. They hold office
(e) He appoints the attorney general of India and determines his remuneration. 
The attorney general holds office during the pleasure of the President.
(f) He appoints the comptroller and auditor general of India, the chief election
commissioner and other election commissioners, the chairman and members of 
the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of states, the chairman 
and members of finance commission, and so on. 
seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the
Union, and proposals for legislation from the prime minister. 
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the
matter on which a decision has been taken by a minister but, 
which has not been considered by the council. 
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs,
 
-state council to promote Centre–state and interstate
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his 
rs and other 
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the Union 
ministers. 
minister and the other ministers. They hold office 
remuneration. 
President. 
and auditor general of India, the chief election 
members of 
states, the chairman 
seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the 
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the council 
minister but, 
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs, STs 
and interstate 
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators 
 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to
administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas.
Legislative Powers: 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the
following legislative powers.
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha.
can also summon a joint sitting of both the Houses of Par
presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session
each general election and the first session of each year.
(c) He can send messages to the Houses of Parliament
bill pending in the Parliament or otherwise.
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
vacant. Similarly, he can also appoint 
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and
Deputy Chairman fall vacant.
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons
special knowledge or practical experience in
service. 
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo
Community. 
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the
Parliament, in consultation with the Election Commission.
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure
Consolidated Fund of India, or a bill for the alteration of
creation of a new state. 
(i) When a bill is sent to the President after it has been passed by the
he can: 
 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to
administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas. 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the
following legislative powers. 
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha.
can also summon a joint sitting of both the Houses of Parliament,
presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. 
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session
each general election and the first session of each year. 
(c) He can send messages to the Houses of Parliament, whether with respect
bill pending in the Parliament or otherwise. 
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
vacant. Similarly, he can also appoint any member of the Rajya Sabha
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and
Deputy Chairman fall vacant. 
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons
special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, art
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the
Parliament, in consultation with the Election Commission. 
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure
Consolidated Fund of India, or a bill for the alteration of boundaries of states or 
(i) When a bill is sent to the President after it has been passed by the 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to the 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the 
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha. He 
liament, which is 
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session after 
, whether with respect to a 
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its 
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker fall 
any member of the Rajya Sabha to 
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and the 
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons having 
literature, science, art and social 
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo-Indian 
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the 
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain types 
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure from the 
boundaries of states or 
 Parliament, 
 
(i) give his assent to the bill, or
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or
(iii) return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for reconsideration of t
Parliament. 
However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament, with or without
amendments, the President has to give his assent to the bill.
(j) When a bill passed by a state legislature is reserved by the governor for
consideration of the Presiden
(i) give his assent to the bill, or
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or
(iii) direct the governor to return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for
reconsideration of the state legis lature. It should be noted here that it
obligatory for the President to give his assent even if the bill is
the state legislature and sent again to him for his
(k) He can promulgate ordinances when the Parliament is not in session.
ordinances must be approv
reassembly. He can also withdraw an ordinance at any time.
(l) He lays the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General, Union Public
Service Commission, Finance Commission, and others, before the
(m) He can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Daman and Diu. In the case of Puducherry also, the President can
making regulations but only 
Financial Powers: 
The financial powers and functions of the President are:
(a) Money bills can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior
recommendation. 
 
(i) give his assent to the bill, or 
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or 
(iii) return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for reconsideration of t
However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament, with or without
amendments, the President has to give his assent to the bill. 
(j) When a bill passed by a state legislature is reserved by the governor for
consideration of the President, the President can: 
(i) give his assent to the bill, or 
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or 
(iii) direct the governor to return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for
reconsideration of the state legis lature. It should be noted here that it
obligatory for the President to give his assent even if the bill is again passed by 
the state legislature and sent again to him for his consideration. 
(k) He can promulgate ordinances when the Parliament is not in session.
ordinances must be approved by the Parliament within six weeks
reassembly. He can also withdraw an ordinance at any time. 
(l) He lays the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General, Union Public
Service Commission, Finance Commission, and others, before the Parliament
(m) He can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Daman and Diu. In the case of Puducherry also, the President can 
making regulations but only when the assembly is suspended or dissolved.
The financial powers and functions of the President are: 
(a) Money bills can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior
(iii) return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for reconsideration of the 
However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament, with or without 
(j) When a bill passed by a state legislature is reserved by the governor for 
(iii) direct the governor to return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for 
reconsideration of the state legis lature. It should be noted here that it is not 
again passed by 
(k) He can promulgate ordinances when the Parliament is not in session. These 
ed by the Parliament within six weeks from its 
(l) He lays the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General, Union Public 
Parliament. 
(m) He can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of 
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and 
 legislate by 
or dissolved. 
(a) Money bills can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior 
 
(b) He causes to be laid before the Parliament t
the Union Budget). 
(c) No demand for a grant can be made except on his recommendation.
(d) He can make advances out of the contingency fund of India to meet any
unforeseen expenditure. 
(e) He constitutes a finance commiss
distribution of revenues between the Centre and the states.
Judicial Powers: 
The judicial powers and functions of the President are:
(a) He appoints the Chief Justice and the judges of Supreme Court and high
courts. 
(b) He can seek advice from the Supreme Court on any question of law or
However, the advice tendered by the Supreme Court is not binding on
President. 
(c) He can grant pardon, reprieve, respite and remission of punishment, or
suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any
(i) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial;
(ii) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence
Union law; and 
(iii) In all cases where the sentence is a sentence of death.
Diplomatic Powers: 
The international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on
behalf of the President. However, they are subject to the approval of the
Parliament. He represents India in international foru
and receives diplomats like ambassadors, high commissioners, and so on.
Military Power: 
 
(b) He causes to be laid before the Parliament the annual financial statement
(c) No demand for a grant can be made except on his recommendation.
(d) He can make advances out of the contingency fund of India to meet any
(e) He constitutes a finance commission after every five years to recommend
distribution of revenues between the Centre and the states. 
The judicial powers and functions of the President are: 
(a) He appoints the Chief Justice and the judges of Supreme Court and high
(b) He can seek advice from the Supreme Court on any question of law or
However, the advice tendered by the Supreme Court is not binding on
(c) He can grant pardon, reprieve, respite and remission of punishment, or
r commute the sentence of any person convicted of any
(i) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial;
(ii) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence
he sentence is a sentence of death. 
The international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on
behalf of the President. However, they are subject to the approval of the
Parliament. He represents India in international forums and affairs and sends
and receives diplomats like ambassadors, high commissioners, and so on.
he annual financial statement (ie, 
(c) No demand for a grant can be made except on his recommendation. 
(d) He can make advances out of the contingency fund of India to meet any 
ion after every five years to recommend the 
(a) He appoints the Chief Justice and the judges of Supreme Court and high 
(b) He can seek advice from the Supreme Court on any question of law or fact. 
However, the advice tendered by the Supreme Court is not binding on the 
(c) He can grant pardon, reprieve, respite and remission of punishment, or 
r commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence: 
(i) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial; 
(ii) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence against a 
The international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on 
behalf of the President. However, they are subject to the approval of the 
ms and affairs and sends 
and receives diplomats like ambassadors, high commissioners, and so on. 
Page 5


 
Powers of the President of India
Executive Powers:  
The executive powers and functions of the President are:
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his
name. 
(b) He can make rules specifying the manner in which the orde
instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated.
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the
government, and for allocation of the said business among the
(d) He appoints the prime 
during his pleasure. 
(e) He appoints the attorney general of India and determines his
The attorney general holds office during the pleasure of the
(f) He appoints the comptroller 
commissioner and other election commissioners, the chairman and
the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of
and members of finance commission, and so on.
(g) He can seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the
Union, and proposals for legislation from the prime minister.
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the
of ministers, any matter on which a decisi
which has not been considered by the council.
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs,
and other backward classes. 
(j) He can appoint an inter-
cooperation. 
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators
appointed by him. 
 
of India: 
The executive powers and functions of the President are: 
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his
(b) He can make rules specifying the manner in which the orders and other
instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated. 
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the
government, and for allocation of the said business among the ministers.
 minister and the other ministers. They hold office
(e) He appoints the attorney general of India and determines his remuneration. 
The attorney general holds office during the pleasure of the President.
(f) He appoints the comptroller and auditor general of India, the chief election
commissioner and other election commissioners, the chairman and members of 
the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of states, the chairman 
and members of finance commission, and so on. 
seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the
Union, and proposals for legislation from the prime minister. 
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the
matter on which a decision has been taken by a minister but, 
which has not been considered by the council. 
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs,
 
-state council to promote Centre–state and interstate
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators
(a) All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his 
rs and other 
(c) He can make rules for more convenient transaction of business of the Union 
ministers. 
minister and the other ministers. They hold office 
remuneration. 
President. 
and auditor general of India, the chief election 
members of 
states, the chairman 
seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the 
(h) He can require the Prime Minister to submit, for consideration of the council 
minister but, 
(i) He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs, STs 
and interstate 
(k) He directly administers the union territories through administrators 
 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to
administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas.
Legislative Powers: 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the
following legislative powers.
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha.
can also summon a joint sitting of both the Houses of Par
presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session
each general election and the first session of each year.
(c) He can send messages to the Houses of Parliament
bill pending in the Parliament or otherwise.
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
vacant. Similarly, he can also appoint 
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and
Deputy Chairman fall vacant.
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons
special knowledge or practical experience in
service. 
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo
Community. 
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the
Parliament, in consultation with the Election Commission.
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure
Consolidated Fund of India, or a bill for the alteration of
creation of a new state. 
(i) When a bill is sent to the President after it has been passed by the
he can: 
 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to
administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas. 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the
following legislative powers. 
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha.
can also summon a joint sitting of both the Houses of Parliament,
presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. 
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session
each general election and the first session of each year. 
(c) He can send messages to the Houses of Parliament, whether with respect
bill pending in the Parliament or otherwise. 
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
vacant. Similarly, he can also appoint any member of the Rajya Sabha
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and
Deputy Chairman fall vacant. 
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons
special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, art
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the
Parliament, in consultation with the Election Commission. 
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure
Consolidated Fund of India, or a bill for the alteration of boundaries of states or 
(i) When a bill is sent to the President after it has been passed by the 
(l) He can declare any area as scheduled area and has powers with respect to the 
The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India, and enjoys the 
(a) He can summon or prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha. He 
liament, which is 
(b) He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session after 
, whether with respect to a 
(d) He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its 
proceedings when the offices of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker fall 
any member of the Rajya Sabha to 
preside over its proceedings when the offices of both the Chairman and the 
(e) He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons having 
literature, science, art and social 
(f) He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo-Indian 
(g) He decides on questions as to disqualifications of members of the 
(h) His prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain types 
of bills in the Parliament. For example, a bill involving expenditure from the 
boundaries of states or 
 Parliament, 
 
(i) give his assent to the bill, or
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or
(iii) return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for reconsideration of t
Parliament. 
However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament, with or without
amendments, the President has to give his assent to the bill.
(j) When a bill passed by a state legislature is reserved by the governor for
consideration of the Presiden
(i) give his assent to the bill, or
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or
(iii) direct the governor to return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for
reconsideration of the state legis lature. It should be noted here that it
obligatory for the President to give his assent even if the bill is
the state legislature and sent again to him for his
(k) He can promulgate ordinances when the Parliament is not in session.
ordinances must be approv
reassembly. He can also withdraw an ordinance at any time.
(l) He lays the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General, Union Public
Service Commission, Finance Commission, and others, before the
(m) He can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Daman and Diu. In the case of Puducherry also, the President can
making regulations but only 
Financial Powers: 
The financial powers and functions of the President are:
(a) Money bills can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior
recommendation. 
 
(i) give his assent to the bill, or 
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or 
(iii) return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for reconsideration of t
However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament, with or without
amendments, the President has to give his assent to the bill. 
(j) When a bill passed by a state legislature is reserved by the governor for
consideration of the President, the President can: 
(i) give his assent to the bill, or 
(ii) withhold his assent to the bill, or 
(iii) direct the governor to return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for
reconsideration of the state legis lature. It should be noted here that it
obligatory for the President to give his assent even if the bill is again passed by 
the state legislature and sent again to him for his consideration. 
(k) He can promulgate ordinances when the Parliament is not in session.
ordinances must be approved by the Parliament within six weeks
reassembly. He can also withdraw an ordinance at any time. 
(l) He lays the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General, Union Public
Service Commission, Finance Commission, and others, before the Parliament
(m) He can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Daman and Diu. In the case of Puducherry also, the President can 
making regulations but only when the assembly is suspended or dissolved.
The financial powers and functions of the President are: 
(a) Money bills can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior
(iii) return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for reconsideration of the 
However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament, with or without 
(j) When a bill passed by a state legislature is reserved by the governor for 
(iii) direct the governor to return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for 
reconsideration of the state legis lature. It should be noted here that it is not 
again passed by 
(k) He can promulgate ordinances when the Parliament is not in session. These 
ed by the Parliament within six weeks from its 
(l) He lays the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General, Union Public 
Parliament. 
(m) He can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of 
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and 
 legislate by 
or dissolved. 
(a) Money bills can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior 
 
(b) He causes to be laid before the Parliament t
the Union Budget). 
(c) No demand for a grant can be made except on his recommendation.
(d) He can make advances out of the contingency fund of India to meet any
unforeseen expenditure. 
(e) He constitutes a finance commiss
distribution of revenues between the Centre and the states.
Judicial Powers: 
The judicial powers and functions of the President are:
(a) He appoints the Chief Justice and the judges of Supreme Court and high
courts. 
(b) He can seek advice from the Supreme Court on any question of law or
However, the advice tendered by the Supreme Court is not binding on
President. 
(c) He can grant pardon, reprieve, respite and remission of punishment, or
suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any
(i) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial;
(ii) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence
Union law; and 
(iii) In all cases where the sentence is a sentence of death.
Diplomatic Powers: 
The international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on
behalf of the President. However, they are subject to the approval of the
Parliament. He represents India in international foru
and receives diplomats like ambassadors, high commissioners, and so on.
Military Power: 
 
(b) He causes to be laid before the Parliament the annual financial statement
(c) No demand for a grant can be made except on his recommendation.
(d) He can make advances out of the contingency fund of India to meet any
(e) He constitutes a finance commission after every five years to recommend
distribution of revenues between the Centre and the states. 
The judicial powers and functions of the President are: 
(a) He appoints the Chief Justice and the judges of Supreme Court and high
(b) He can seek advice from the Supreme Court on any question of law or
However, the advice tendered by the Supreme Court is not binding on
(c) He can grant pardon, reprieve, respite and remission of punishment, or
r commute the sentence of any person convicted of any
(i) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial;
(ii) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence
he sentence is a sentence of death. 
The international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on
behalf of the President. However, they are subject to the approval of the
Parliament. He represents India in international forums and affairs and sends
and receives diplomats like ambassadors, high commissioners, and so on.
he annual financial statement (ie, 
(c) No demand for a grant can be made except on his recommendation. 
(d) He can make advances out of the contingency fund of India to meet any 
ion after every five years to recommend the 
(a) He appoints the Chief Justice and the judges of Supreme Court and high 
(b) He can seek advice from the Supreme Court on any question of law or fact. 
However, the advice tendered by the Supreme Court is not binding on the 
(c) He can grant pardon, reprieve, respite and remission of punishment, or 
r commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence: 
(i) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial; 
(ii) In all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence against a 
The international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on 
behalf of the President. However, they are subject to the approval of the 
ms and affairs and sends 
and receives diplomats like ambassadors, high commissioners, and so on. 
 
He is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India. In that capacity,
he appoints the chiefs of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. H
war or conclude peace, subject to the approval of the Parliament.
Emergency Powers: 
In addition to the normal powers mentioned above, the Constitution confers
extraordinary powers on the President to deal with the following three types
emergencies: 
(a) National Emergency (Article 352);
(b) President’s Rule (Article 356 & 365); and
(c) Financial Emergency (Article 360)
Veto Power of President in India:
A bill passed by the Parliament can become an act only if it receives the
of the President. When such a bill is presented to the President for his
has three alternatives (under Article 111 of the Constitution):
1. He may give his assent to the bill, or
2. He may withhold his assent to the bill, or
3. He may return the bill (if
the Parliament. However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament 
with or without amendments and again presented to the President, the 
President must give his assent to the bill.
The object of conferring this power on the President is two
hasty and ill-considered legislation by the Parliament; and (b) to prevent a 
legislation which may be unconstitutional.
three—absolute veto, suspensive veto and pocke
veto in the case of Indian President; it is possessed by the American President.
Absolute Veto: It refers to the power of the President to withhold his assent to a 
bill passed by the Parliament. The bill then ends and does not
Usually, this veto is exercised in the following two cases:
 
He is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India. In that capacity,
he appoints the chiefs of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. He can
war or conclude peace, subject to the approval of the Parliament. 
In addition to the normal powers mentioned above, the Constitution confers
extraordinary powers on the President to deal with the following three types
(a) National Emergency (Article 352); 
(b) President’s Rule (Article 356 & 365); and 
(c) Financial Emergency (Article 360) 
Veto Power of President in India: 
A bill passed by the Parliament can become an act only if it receives the
esident. When such a bill is presented to the President for his
has three alternatives (under Article 111 of the Constitution): 
1. He may give his assent to the bill, or 
2. He may withhold his assent to the bill, or 
3. He may return the bill (if it is not a Money bill) for reconsideration of 
Parliament. However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament 
without amendments and again presented to the President, the 
must give his assent to the bill. 
this power on the President is two-fold—(a) to prevent 
considered legislation by the Parliament; and (b) to prevent a 
which may be unconstitutional. President of India is vested with 
veto, suspensive veto and pocket veto. There is no qualified 
of Indian President; it is possessed by the American President.
It refers to the power of the President to withhold his assent to a 
by the Parliament. The bill then ends and does not become an act. 
this veto is exercised in the following two cases: 
He is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India. In that capacity, 
e can declare 
In addition to the normal powers mentioned above, the Constitution confers 
extraordinary powers on the President to deal with the following three types of 
A bill passed by the Parliament can become an act only if it receives the assent 
esident. When such a bill is presented to the President for his assent, he 
it is not a Money bill) for reconsideration of 
Parliament. However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament 
without amendments and again presented to the President, the 
(a) to prevent 
considered legislation by the Parliament; and (b) to prevent a 
President of India is vested with 
t veto. There is no qualified 
of Indian President; it is possessed by the American President. 
It refers to the power of the President to withhold his assent to a 
become an act.