NEET Exam > NEET Videos > Organic Chemistry for NEET > Nucleic Acids: Chemical Composition & Structure
Nucleic Acids: Chemical Composition & Structure Video Lecture | Organic Chemistry for NEET
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FAQs on Nucleic Acids: Chemical Composition & Structure Video Lecture - Organic Chemistry for NEET
| 1. What are nucleic acids and what is their chemical composition? |  |
Ans. Nucleic acids are biomolecules that play a crucial role in the storage and transmission of genetic information. They are composed of nucleotide monomers, which consist of a sugar molecule (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or uracil).
| 2. What is the structure of nucleic acids? | |
Ans. Nucleic acids have a double-stranded helical structure, with two polynucleotide chains running in opposite directions. The sugar-phosphate backbones of the chains are connected by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases (adenine with thymine or uracil, and guanine with cytosine). This structure is known as the double helix.
| 3. What is the role of nucleic acids in the replication of genetic information? | |
Ans. Nucleic acids, specifically DNA, play a crucial role in the replication of genetic information. During DNA replication, the double helix unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This process ensures the accurate transmission of genetic information to daughter cells.
| 4. How do nucleic acids contribute to protein synthesis? | |
Ans. Nucleic acids, particularly RNA, play a vital role in protein synthesis. The process of protein synthesis, also known as translation, involves the conversion of the genetic information stored in DNA into functional proteins. RNA molecules, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), are involved in different stages of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation.
| 5. Can changes in the structure of nucleic acids lead to genetic disorders? | |
Ans. Yes, changes or mutations in the structure of nucleic acids can lead to genetic disorders. Mutations can occur due to various factors, such as errors during DNA replication or exposure to mutagenic agents. These mutations can alter the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA, affecting the genetic information encoded by the nucleic acids. Such alterations can result in genetic disorders or diseases.
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