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Nutrient deficiency

Nutrition serves as the energy source necessary for carrying out all bodily processes. A well-balanced diet comprises both macro- and micronutrients. "Nutritional inadequacy" refers to an intake of nutrients below the estimated average requirement, while "nutritional deficiency" involves significantly reduced levels of one or more nutrients, impairing normal bodily functions and increasing the risk of diseases like cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Malnutrition can stem from environmental factors such as food scarcity or health conditions like anorexia nervosa, fasting, swallowing difficulties, persistent vomiting, impaired digestion, intestinal malabsorption, or chronic diseases.

Nutritional biomarkers, such as serum or plasma levels of nutrients like folate, vitamin C, B vitamins, vitamin D, selenium, copper, and zinc, serve as tools for evaluating nutrient intake and dietary exposure. Deficiencies in macronutrients can lead to conditions like kwashiorkor, marasmus, ketosis, growth retardation, compromised wound healing, and increased susceptibility to infections. On the other hand, deficiencies in micronutrients such as iron, folate, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A can result in intellectual impairment, poor growth, perinatal complications, degenerative diseases associated with aging, and higher morbidity and mortality.

Preventing both macro- and micronutrient deficiencies is crucial, and this can be achieved through supplementation and food-based approaches.

The document Nutrient deficiency | Agriculture Optional Notes for UPSC is a part of the UPSC Course Agriculture Optional Notes for UPSC.
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FAQs on Nutrient deficiency - Agriculture Optional Notes for UPSC

1. What are the common symptoms of nutrient deficiency?
Ans. Common symptoms of nutrient deficiency include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, brittle hair and nails, frequent infections, difficulty concentrating, and slow wound healing. These symptoms may vary depending on the specific nutrient that is deficient.
2. What are the main causes of nutrient deficiency?
Ans. Nutrient deficiency can be caused by various factors such as inadequate dietary intake, poor absorption of nutrients due to certain medical conditions like celiac disease or Crohn's disease, increased nutrient requirements during pregnancy or breastfeeding, and certain medications that interfere with nutrient absorption.
3. How can nutrient deficiency be diagnosed?
Ans. Nutrient deficiency can be diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood tests are often used to measure the levels of specific nutrients in the body. In some cases, additional tests such as urine or tissue analysis may be required.
4. Can nutrient deficiency be prevented through diet alone?
Ans. A well-balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-rich foods can help prevent nutrient deficiency in most cases. However, certain individuals may require supplements or fortified foods to meet their specific nutrient needs. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian for personalized advice.
5. What are the potential long-term effects of untreated nutrient deficiency?
Ans. Untreated nutrient deficiency can lead to various long-term health complications. For example, iron deficiency can cause anemia and impaired cognitive function, while vitamin D deficiency can result in weakened bones and increased risk of fractures. It is important to address nutrient deficiencies promptly to prevent such complications.
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