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1. What were the major economic impacts of British rule in India?
Ans. British rule in India had significant economic impacts, including the transformation of India into a supplier of raw materials and a market for British manufactured goods. The British implemented policies that favored British industries and discouraged Indian industries, leading to deindustrialization. They also imposed heavy taxes and land revenue systems, which exploited Indian peasants and led to widespread poverty.
2. How did the British rule affect India's agricultural sector?
Ans. The British introduced several policies that had a profound impact on India's agricultural sector. The land revenue system imposed by the British often burdened Indian peasants with heavy taxes, leading to increased poverty and indebtedness. Additionally, the British promoted cash crop cultivation, such as indigo and tea, at the expense of food crops, causing famines and food scarcity in certain regions.
3. What were the consequences of British colonial policies on Indian industries?
Ans. British colonial policies had detrimental effects on Indian industries. The British implemented policies that favored British industries over Indian industries, leading to the decline and eventual collapse of many Indian handicrafts and cottage industries. The introduction of machine-made British goods also flooded the Indian market, resulting in the loss of domestic industries and unemployment.
4. How did British rule impact India's trade and commerce?
Ans. British rule had a profound impact on India's trade and commerce. The British implemented policies that aimed at extracting resources from India and promoting British trade. They imposed high tariffs on Indian goods, making it difficult for Indian products to compete in international markets. This led to a decline in Indian exports and a surge in imports of British manufactured goods, resulting in a trade imbalance and the draining of wealth from India.
5. Did the British rule bring any positive economic changes to India?
Ans. While British rule in India had several negative economic impacts, it also brought certain positive changes. The British introduced modern infrastructure and transportation systems, such as railways, telegraph, and postal services, which facilitated communication and trade. They also introduced a uniform currency system and modern banking institutions, which helped in the integration of the Indian economy. However, these positive changes were often implemented to serve British interests rather than benefiting the Indian population as a whole.
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