PIB Summary- 15th April, 2022 | PIB (Press Information Bureau) Summary - UPSC PDF Download

Mahavir Jayanti

Why in News?
The Prime Minister has greeted people on Mahavir Jayanti, recalling the noble teachings of Bhagwan Mahavir, especially the emphasis on peace, compassion and brotherhood.

About Mahavir Jayanti

• Vardhamana Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara who succeeded the 23rd Tirthankara, Parshvanatha, was born on Mahavir Jayanti, one of the most auspicious holidays in the Jain community.
• Lord Mahavira was born on the 13th day of the bright half of the moon in the month of Chaitra, according to Jain traditions.
• Mahavir Jayanti is commemorated on the Gregorian calendar in the months of March or April.
• The lord’s sculptures are given a ceremonial bath called abhisheka while stavans, or Jain prayers, are recited.

Lord Mahavira:

• In the year 540 BC, Mahavir was born in the Vajji kingdom, which is identical to modern-day Vaishali in Bihar, to King Siddhartha of Kundagrama and Queen Trishala, a Lichchhavi princess.
• Mahavira belonged to the Ikshvaku dynasty, and historians think he was born in a place called Ahalya bhumi, where the soil has not been ploughed by the family that owns it for hundreds of years.
• Vardhamana, which means “one who grows,” was Lord Mahavir’s given name.
• Mahavira taught his pupils ahimsa (nonviolence), Satya (truth), asteya (non-stealing), brahmacharya (chastity), and aparigraha (non-attachment) and his teachings were known as Jain Agamas.
• Because Mahavira and his followers employed Prakrit, ordinary people could understand their teachings.
• The Mahavira is said to have died and obtained moksha (freedom from the cycle of birth and death) at the age of 72 in 468 BC in Pavapuri, near modern-day Rajgir in Bihar.

Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition & Development) Act, 1957 [CBA Act]

Why in News?
Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister has approved the policy for use of land acquired under the Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition & Development) Act, 1957 [CBA Act].
(i) The policy provides for utilisation of such land for the purpose of development and setting up of infrastructure relating to coal and energy.

About CBA Act

• The CBA Act provides for acquisition of coal bearing lands and their vesting in Government company, free from any encumbrance. 
• The land is acquired for Government Companies only for coal mining and operations that are strictly incidental to mining under the requirements of this Act.
• Land is acquired under the Land Acquisition Act of 1894 for additional purposes, such as permanent infrastructure, offices, and residences.
• Different Acts cannot be used to acquire mining and surface rights on the same piece of land.

The approved policy provides clear policy framework for utilisation of following types of lands acquired under the CBA Act:

• Lands no longer suitable or economically viable for coal mining activities; or
• Lands from which coal has been mined out / de-coaled and such land has been reclaimed.

Coal India Ltd. (CIL)  

• Coal India Ltd. (CIL) and its subsidiaries shall remain owner of these lands acquired under the CBA Act and the policy allows only leasing of the land for the specified purposes given in the policy.
• Government coal companies can deploy private capital in joint projects for coal and energy related  infrastructure development activities.

Leasing of Land for Specified Period:

• The Government company which owns the land would lease such land for specific period given under the policy and the entities for leasing shall be selected through a transparent, fair and competitive bid process and mechanism in order to achieve optimal value.
• The lands will be considered for the following activities:
  (i) to set up Coal Washeries;
  (ii) to set up Conveyor Systems;
  (iii) to establish Coal Handling Plants;
  (iv) to construct Railway Sidings;
  (v) Rehabilitation and Resettlement of Project Affected Families due to acquisition of land under the CBA Act or other land acquisition law;
  (vi) to set up thermal and renewal power projects;
  (vii) to set up or provide for coal development related infrastructure including compensatory afforestation;
  (viii) to provide Right of Way;
  (ix) Coal gasification and coal to chemical plants; and
  (x) to set up or provide for energy related infrastructure.

Significance of Such Policy

• Under the approved policy, establishment of various coal and energy related infrastructure, without transfer of ownership from Government companies, would lead to generation of a large number of direct and indirect employment.
• This unlocking of non-minable land for other purposes will also help CIL in reducing its cost of operations as it will be able to set up coal related infrastructure and other projects such as solar plant on its own land by adopting different business models in partnership with private sector.
• The proposal to utilise land for rehabilitation purpose would ensure proper utilization of land and would eliminate wastage of all-important land resource, avoid acquisition of fresh chunk of land for rehabilitation of Project Affected Families, eliminate loading of additional financial burden on the projects and increase profit.
• The Policy will help in realizing the goal of Atmanirbhar Bharat by encouraging domestic manufacturing, reducing import dependence, job creation, etc.
• The policy will unlock land for various coal and energy infrastructure development activities that would encourage investment in backward areas of the country. 
•  Utilisation of already acquired land would also prevent fresh acquisition of land and related displacement and would promote local manufacturing and industries.