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FUNDAMENTAL 
RIGHTS
ARTICLE 12- 35
Page 2


FUNDAMENTAL 
RIGHTS
ARTICLE 12- 35
RIGHTS
• Rights are reasonable claims as recognised by society and 
Guaranteed and Protected by Law
• It is a Modern Idea originated in West and is the feature of Liberal 
Countries(Western Countries Having Liberal Democracy)
• Right is an Ideology of Liberalism
Page 3


FUNDAMENTAL 
RIGHTS
ARTICLE 12- 35
RIGHTS
• Rights are reasonable claims as recognised by society and 
Guaranteed and Protected by Law
• It is a Modern Idea originated in West and is the feature of Liberal 
Countries(Western Countries Having Liberal Democracy)
• Right is an Ideology of Liberalism
3 Generations of Rights
Civil-Political Rights
Social & Economical Rights
Cultural & Developmental Rights
Page 4


FUNDAMENTAL 
RIGHTS
ARTICLE 12- 35
RIGHTS
• Rights are reasonable claims as recognised by society and 
Guaranteed and Protected by Law
• It is a Modern Idea originated in West and is the feature of Liberal 
Countries(Western Countries Having Liberal Democracy)
• Right is an Ideology of Liberalism
3 Generations of Rights
Civil-Political Rights
Social & Economical Rights
Cultural & Developmental Rights
EVOLUTION OF RIGHTS
• THERE ARE THREE GENERATIONS –
• FIRST- CIVIL POLITICAL RIGHTS : INDIVIDUALISTIC BASIS EG- RIGHT 
TO EQUALITY FOR WOMEN. – PHILOSOPHY OF LIBERALISM
• SECOND- SOCIAL & ECONOMIC- CLASS IS THE BASIS- POOR , RICH , 
BACKWARDS – PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIALISM BASIS.
• THRID- CULTURAL & DEVELOPMENTAL RIGHTS- GROUP BASIS-
COMMUNITY BASED.- BASED ON PHILOSOPHY OF MULTICULTURALISM.
Page 5


FUNDAMENTAL 
RIGHTS
ARTICLE 12- 35
RIGHTS
• Rights are reasonable claims as recognised by society and 
Guaranteed and Protected by Law
• It is a Modern Idea originated in West and is the feature of Liberal 
Countries(Western Countries Having Liberal Democracy)
• Right is an Ideology of Liberalism
3 Generations of Rights
Civil-Political Rights
Social & Economical Rights
Cultural & Developmental Rights
EVOLUTION OF RIGHTS
• THERE ARE THREE GENERATIONS –
• FIRST- CIVIL POLITICAL RIGHTS : INDIVIDUALISTIC BASIS EG- RIGHT 
TO EQUALITY FOR WOMEN. – PHILOSOPHY OF LIBERALISM
• SECOND- SOCIAL & ECONOMIC- CLASS IS THE BASIS- POOR , RICH , 
BACKWARDS – PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIALISM BASIS.
• THRID- CULTURAL & DEVELOPMENTAL RIGHTS- GROUP BASIS-
COMMUNITY BASED.- BASED ON PHILOSOPHY OF MULTICULTURALISM.
MULTICULTURALISM
•IT IS POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY –
WHICH AIMS TO GRANT-
PROTECTIONTO THE RIGHTS OF 
MINORITIES.
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FAQs on PPT: Fundamental Rights- 1 - Indian Polity for UPSC CSE

1. What are fundamental rights?
Ans. Fundamental rights are basic human rights guaranteed to every individual by the constitution of a country. They are essential for the protection and well-being of citizens, ensuring their freedom, equality, and dignity.
2. How are fundamental rights different from other rights?
Ans. Fundamental rights have a constitutional basis and are considered to be the most important rights of individuals. Unlike other rights, they are protected by the constitution and cannot be easily taken away or violated by the government.
3. What are some examples of fundamental rights?
Ans. Some examples of fundamental rights include the right to freedom of speech, right to equality, right to life and personal liberty, right to education, and right to religious freedom. These rights vary from country to country but generally aim to protect the basic freedoms and rights of individuals.
4. Can fundamental rights be restricted or limited?
Ans. Yes, fundamental rights can be restricted or limited in certain situations. These limitations are often imposed to maintain public order, protect national security, or prevent harm to others. However, any restriction on fundamental rights must be reasonable, proportionate, and in accordance with the law.
5. What can individuals do if their fundamental rights are violated?
Ans. If an individual's fundamental rights are violated, they can seek legal remedies through the judicial system. They can file a complaint or petition in the appropriate court and present their case. The court will then examine the violation and determine if any action needs to be taken to protect or restore the individual's fundamental rights.
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