PPT: Medieval History- 2 | Crash Course for UPSC Aspirants PDF Download

 Page 1


SLAVE DYNASTY – MAMLUK DYNASTY 
(A.D. 1206 TO 1290) 
Mamluk was the Quranic term for slave. 3 dynasties were established during this period. 
Qutbi dynasty 
(1206-1211)
• Founded by Qutbuddin Aibak
(a slave of Mohammad Ghori) 
• Set up his military 
headquarters at Indraprasta, 
near Delhi 
• Death of Ghori in 1206 – he 
declared his independence thus 
founded the Slave dynasty as 
well as the Delhi Sultanate 
• Assumed the title Sultan and 
made Lahore his capital 
• Patronized the great scholar 
Hasan Nizami. 
First Ilbari dynasty 
(1211- 1266) 
• Founded by Iltutmish
- Ilbari tribe 
• Sold as a slave to 
Aibak, who made him 
his-son-in law. Later 
appointed as iqtadar
of Gwalior 
• Defeated Aram Baksh 
(Son of Qutbuddin 
Aibak) and became 
Sultan. 
• Shifted his capital 
from Lahore to Delhi 
Second Ilbari dynasty 
(1266-1290)
• Founded by 
Ghiyasuddin Balban, 
also known as Ulugh 
Khan 
• He also introduced the 
Persian festival of 
Nauroz
• He established a 
separate military 
department - diwan-i-
arz – and reorganized 
the army. 
Page 2


SLAVE DYNASTY – MAMLUK DYNASTY 
(A.D. 1206 TO 1290) 
Mamluk was the Quranic term for slave. 3 dynasties were established during this period. 
Qutbi dynasty 
(1206-1211)
• Founded by Qutbuddin Aibak
(a slave of Mohammad Ghori) 
• Set up his military 
headquarters at Indraprasta, 
near Delhi 
• Death of Ghori in 1206 – he 
declared his independence thus 
founded the Slave dynasty as 
well as the Delhi Sultanate 
• Assumed the title Sultan and 
made Lahore his capital 
• Patronized the great scholar 
Hasan Nizami. 
First Ilbari dynasty 
(1211- 1266) 
• Founded by Iltutmish
- Ilbari tribe 
• Sold as a slave to 
Aibak, who made him 
his-son-in law. Later 
appointed as iqtadar
of Gwalior 
• Defeated Aram Baksh 
(Son of Qutbuddin 
Aibak) and became 
Sultan. 
• Shifted his capital 
from Lahore to Delhi 
Second Ilbari dynasty 
(1266-1290)
• Founded by 
Ghiyasuddin Balban, 
also known as Ulugh 
Khan 
• He also introduced the 
Persian festival of 
Nauroz
• He established a 
separate military 
department - diwan-i-
arz – and reorganized 
the army. 
? This period marks the period of beginning of Indo – Islamic architecture.
During this period mainly existing Hindu structures were converted into
mosques.
? The earliest construction work was began by Qutubuddin Aibak, who started
erecting monumental buildings of stone on Qila Rai Pithora, the first of the
seven historical cities of Delhi.
? The Qutb Mosque is one such building. Named as the Quwwat-ul-Islam
Masjid, it is considered as the earliest mosque in India.
? Qutub-ud-din Aibak also started the construction of Qutub Minar in 1192
(which was eventually completed by Iltutmish in 1230). Built to
commemorate the entry of Islam it was essentially a victory tower. It was
built by demolishing Hindu Temple. Later 5th storey was built by Firoz Shah
Tughlaq
? Shamsuddin Iltutmish extended the Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid and built the
tomb of his son Nasiruddin Mohammed, which is locally known as the Sultan
Ghari.
? He also started his own tomb (Iltutmish's Tomb) located in the Qutub Minar
complex in 1235 AD.
? The tomb of Balban constructed in 1280 AD represents the first true arch
built in India, which is produced by following the scientific system originally
formulated by the Roman engineers.
Page 3


SLAVE DYNASTY – MAMLUK DYNASTY 
(A.D. 1206 TO 1290) 
Mamluk was the Quranic term for slave. 3 dynasties were established during this period. 
Qutbi dynasty 
(1206-1211)
• Founded by Qutbuddin Aibak
(a slave of Mohammad Ghori) 
• Set up his military 
headquarters at Indraprasta, 
near Delhi 
• Death of Ghori in 1206 – he 
declared his independence thus 
founded the Slave dynasty as 
well as the Delhi Sultanate 
• Assumed the title Sultan and 
made Lahore his capital 
• Patronized the great scholar 
Hasan Nizami. 
First Ilbari dynasty 
(1211- 1266) 
• Founded by Iltutmish
- Ilbari tribe 
• Sold as a slave to 
Aibak, who made him 
his-son-in law. Later 
appointed as iqtadar
of Gwalior 
• Defeated Aram Baksh 
(Son of Qutbuddin 
Aibak) and became 
Sultan. 
• Shifted his capital 
from Lahore to Delhi 
Second Ilbari dynasty 
(1266-1290)
• Founded by 
Ghiyasuddin Balban, 
also known as Ulugh 
Khan 
• He also introduced the 
Persian festival of 
Nauroz
• He established a 
separate military 
department - diwan-i-
arz – and reorganized 
the army. 
? This period marks the period of beginning of Indo – Islamic architecture.
During this period mainly existing Hindu structures were converted into
mosques.
? The earliest construction work was began by Qutubuddin Aibak, who started
erecting monumental buildings of stone on Qila Rai Pithora, the first of the
seven historical cities of Delhi.
? The Qutb Mosque is one such building. Named as the Quwwat-ul-Islam
Masjid, it is considered as the earliest mosque in India.
? Qutub-ud-din Aibak also started the construction of Qutub Minar in 1192
(which was eventually completed by Iltutmish in 1230). Built to
commemorate the entry of Islam it was essentially a victory tower. It was
built by demolishing Hindu Temple. Later 5th storey was built by Firoz Shah
Tughlaq
? Shamsuddin Iltutmish extended the Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid and built the
tomb of his son Nasiruddin Mohammed, which is locally known as the Sultan
Ghari.
? He also started his own tomb (Iltutmish's Tomb) located in the Qutub Minar
complex in 1235 AD.
? The tomb of Balban constructed in 1280 AD represents the first true arch
built in India, which is produced by following the scientific system originally
formulated by the Roman engineers.
The Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 A.D.) 
? The advent of the Khalji dynasty marked the zenith of Muslim imperialism in 
India. The founder of the Khalji dynasty was Jalaluddin Khalji. 
? He was generous and lenient. 
? When the thugs (robbers) looted the country, they were allowed to go after a 
severe warning. 
? Malik Chhajju, nephew of Balban was allowed to remain the governor of Kara. 
? In 1292 when Malik Chhajju revolted, he was replaced by his son-in-law, 
Alauddin Khalji. 
? In 1296 Alauddin Khalji took an expedition to Devagiri and returned to Kara. 
? During the reception there, Alauddin Khalji treacherously murdered his father-
in-law Jalaluddin Khalji and usurped the throne of Delhi. 
? Alauddin Khalji made enormous gifts to the hostile nobles and Amirs of Delhi to 
win over them to his side. He framed regulations to control the nobles. 
Page 4


SLAVE DYNASTY – MAMLUK DYNASTY 
(A.D. 1206 TO 1290) 
Mamluk was the Quranic term for slave. 3 dynasties were established during this period. 
Qutbi dynasty 
(1206-1211)
• Founded by Qutbuddin Aibak
(a slave of Mohammad Ghori) 
• Set up his military 
headquarters at Indraprasta, 
near Delhi 
• Death of Ghori in 1206 – he 
declared his independence thus 
founded the Slave dynasty as 
well as the Delhi Sultanate 
• Assumed the title Sultan and 
made Lahore his capital 
• Patronized the great scholar 
Hasan Nizami. 
First Ilbari dynasty 
(1211- 1266) 
• Founded by Iltutmish
- Ilbari tribe 
• Sold as a slave to 
Aibak, who made him 
his-son-in law. Later 
appointed as iqtadar
of Gwalior 
• Defeated Aram Baksh 
(Son of Qutbuddin 
Aibak) and became 
Sultan. 
• Shifted his capital 
from Lahore to Delhi 
Second Ilbari dynasty 
(1266-1290)
• Founded by 
Ghiyasuddin Balban, 
also known as Ulugh 
Khan 
• He also introduced the 
Persian festival of 
Nauroz
• He established a 
separate military 
department - diwan-i-
arz – and reorganized 
the army. 
? This period marks the period of beginning of Indo – Islamic architecture.
During this period mainly existing Hindu structures were converted into
mosques.
? The earliest construction work was began by Qutubuddin Aibak, who started
erecting monumental buildings of stone on Qila Rai Pithora, the first of the
seven historical cities of Delhi.
? The Qutb Mosque is one such building. Named as the Quwwat-ul-Islam
Masjid, it is considered as the earliest mosque in India.
? Qutub-ud-din Aibak also started the construction of Qutub Minar in 1192
(which was eventually completed by Iltutmish in 1230). Built to
commemorate the entry of Islam it was essentially a victory tower. It was
built by demolishing Hindu Temple. Later 5th storey was built by Firoz Shah
Tughlaq
? Shamsuddin Iltutmish extended the Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid and built the
tomb of his son Nasiruddin Mohammed, which is locally known as the Sultan
Ghari.
? He also started his own tomb (Iltutmish's Tomb) located in the Qutub Minar
complex in 1235 AD.
? The tomb of Balban constructed in 1280 AD represents the first true arch
built in India, which is produced by following the scientific system originally
formulated by the Roman engineers.
The Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 A.D.) 
? The advent of the Khalji dynasty marked the zenith of Muslim imperialism in 
India. The founder of the Khalji dynasty was Jalaluddin Khalji. 
? He was generous and lenient. 
? When the thugs (robbers) looted the country, they were allowed to go after a 
severe warning. 
? Malik Chhajju, nephew of Balban was allowed to remain the governor of Kara. 
? In 1292 when Malik Chhajju revolted, he was replaced by his son-in-law, 
Alauddin Khalji. 
? In 1296 Alauddin Khalji took an expedition to Devagiri and returned to Kara. 
? During the reception there, Alauddin Khalji treacherously murdered his father-
in-law Jalaluddin Khalji and usurped the throne of Delhi. 
? Alauddin Khalji made enormous gifts to the hostile nobles and Amirs of Delhi to 
win over them to his side. He framed regulations to control the nobles. 
? The real development of Indo-islamic
architecture occurred during this period. Red
sandstone was widely used and the influence of
“Seljuk” tradition can be seen here.
? Use of mortar as cementing agent.
? Use of arch and dome method.
? Allauddin Khilji established the second city of
Delhi at Siri and built the Siri fort.
? He also built the Alai Darwaza near the Qutub
Minar. The well-decorated Alai Darwaza, which
served as an entrance gateway to the mosque at
the Qutub complex, marks the evolution of
another innovative feature in the Indo-Islamic
architecture.
? The Jamaat Khana Masjid near Nizamuddin in
Delhi and the Ukha Masjid in Bharatpur in
Rajasthan were also built during this period.
Alai Darwaza
Page 5


SLAVE DYNASTY – MAMLUK DYNASTY 
(A.D. 1206 TO 1290) 
Mamluk was the Quranic term for slave. 3 dynasties were established during this period. 
Qutbi dynasty 
(1206-1211)
• Founded by Qutbuddin Aibak
(a slave of Mohammad Ghori) 
• Set up his military 
headquarters at Indraprasta, 
near Delhi 
• Death of Ghori in 1206 – he 
declared his independence thus 
founded the Slave dynasty as 
well as the Delhi Sultanate 
• Assumed the title Sultan and 
made Lahore his capital 
• Patronized the great scholar 
Hasan Nizami. 
First Ilbari dynasty 
(1211- 1266) 
• Founded by Iltutmish
- Ilbari tribe 
• Sold as a slave to 
Aibak, who made him 
his-son-in law. Later 
appointed as iqtadar
of Gwalior 
• Defeated Aram Baksh 
(Son of Qutbuddin 
Aibak) and became 
Sultan. 
• Shifted his capital 
from Lahore to Delhi 
Second Ilbari dynasty 
(1266-1290)
• Founded by 
Ghiyasuddin Balban, 
also known as Ulugh 
Khan 
• He also introduced the 
Persian festival of 
Nauroz
• He established a 
separate military 
department - diwan-i-
arz – and reorganized 
the army. 
? This period marks the period of beginning of Indo – Islamic architecture.
During this period mainly existing Hindu structures were converted into
mosques.
? The earliest construction work was began by Qutubuddin Aibak, who started
erecting monumental buildings of stone on Qila Rai Pithora, the first of the
seven historical cities of Delhi.
? The Qutb Mosque is one such building. Named as the Quwwat-ul-Islam
Masjid, it is considered as the earliest mosque in India.
? Qutub-ud-din Aibak also started the construction of Qutub Minar in 1192
(which was eventually completed by Iltutmish in 1230). Built to
commemorate the entry of Islam it was essentially a victory tower. It was
built by demolishing Hindu Temple. Later 5th storey was built by Firoz Shah
Tughlaq
? Shamsuddin Iltutmish extended the Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid and built the
tomb of his son Nasiruddin Mohammed, which is locally known as the Sultan
Ghari.
? He also started his own tomb (Iltutmish's Tomb) located in the Qutub Minar
complex in 1235 AD.
? The tomb of Balban constructed in 1280 AD represents the first true arch
built in India, which is produced by following the scientific system originally
formulated by the Roman engineers.
The Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 A.D.) 
? The advent of the Khalji dynasty marked the zenith of Muslim imperialism in 
India. The founder of the Khalji dynasty was Jalaluddin Khalji. 
? He was generous and lenient. 
? When the thugs (robbers) looted the country, they were allowed to go after a 
severe warning. 
? Malik Chhajju, nephew of Balban was allowed to remain the governor of Kara. 
? In 1292 when Malik Chhajju revolted, he was replaced by his son-in-law, 
Alauddin Khalji. 
? In 1296 Alauddin Khalji took an expedition to Devagiri and returned to Kara. 
? During the reception there, Alauddin Khalji treacherously murdered his father-
in-law Jalaluddin Khalji and usurped the throne of Delhi. 
? Alauddin Khalji made enormous gifts to the hostile nobles and Amirs of Delhi to 
win over them to his side. He framed regulations to control the nobles. 
? The real development of Indo-islamic
architecture occurred during this period. Red
sandstone was widely used and the influence of
“Seljuk” tradition can be seen here.
? Use of mortar as cementing agent.
? Use of arch and dome method.
? Allauddin Khilji established the second city of
Delhi at Siri and built the Siri fort.
? He also built the Alai Darwaza near the Qutub
Minar. The well-decorated Alai Darwaza, which
served as an entrance gateway to the mosque at
the Qutub complex, marks the evolution of
another innovative feature in the Indo-Islamic
architecture.
? The Jamaat Khana Masjid near Nizamuddin in
Delhi and the Ukha Masjid in Bharatpur in
Rajasthan were also built during this period.
Alai Darwaza
The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414 A.D.) 
? The founder of the Tughlaq dynasty was Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. He laid the
foundation for Tughlaqabad near Delhi.
? Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1325 treacherously killed his father and
ascended the throne.
? His enterprises, experiments and reforms ended in miserable failures. He was
very tolerant in religious matters.
? He maintained diplomatic relations with far off countries like Egypt, China and
Iran.
? He was the only Delhi Sultan who had received a comprehensive literary,
religious and philosophical education.
? To control South India better, he transferred royal household and the ulemas
and Sufis from Delhi to Devagiri, which was renamed as Daulatabad.
? He issued copper coins at par with the value of the silver tanka coins