PPT: Percentage And Its Applications | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT PDF Download

 Page 1


Percenta ge
Page 2


Percenta ge
Introduction
Definition
In mathematics, a 
percentage is a number 
or ratio expressed as a 
fraction of 100. The 
word per cent means 
per 100, represented by 
the symbol "%" .
Common 
Percentages
10% equals 1/10 
fraction, 20% equals u 
fraction, 25% equals ¼ 
fraction, 50% equals ½ 
fraction, 75% equals ¾ 
fraction, and 90% 
equals 9/10 fraction.
Characteristics
Percentages have no dimension, making them 
dimensionless numbers. They can be represented in 
decimal form (0.6%, 0.25%) and are commonly used in 
academics to calculate marks.
Page 3


Percenta ge
Introduction
Definition
In mathematics, a 
percentage is a number 
or ratio expressed as a 
fraction of 100. The 
word per cent means 
per 100, represented by 
the symbol "%" .
Common 
Percentages
10% equals 1/10 
fraction, 20% equals u 
fraction, 25% equals ¼ 
fraction, 50% equals ½ 
fraction, 75% equals ¾ 
fraction, and 90% 
equals 9/10 fraction.
Characteristics
Percentages have no dimension, making them 
dimensionless numbers. They can be represented in 
decimal form (0.6%, 0.25%) and are commonly used in 
academics to calculate marks.
Percentage Formula
1
Basic Formula
T o determine the 
percentage, we divide the 
value by the total value 
and then multiply the 
resultant by 100.
Percentage formula = 
(Value/T otal value) × 100
2
Example Calculation
For example: 2/5 × 100 = 
0.4 × 100 = 40 per cent
3
Practical Application
This formula allows us to 
express any proportion as 
a percentage, making it 
easier to compare 
different values relative 
to their totals.
Page 4


Percenta ge
Introduction
Definition
In mathematics, a 
percentage is a number 
or ratio expressed as a 
fraction of 100. The 
word per cent means 
per 100, represented by 
the symbol "%" .
Common 
Percentages
10% equals 1/10 
fraction, 20% equals u 
fraction, 25% equals ¼ 
fraction, 50% equals ½ 
fraction, 75% equals ¾ 
fraction, and 90% 
equals 9/10 fraction.
Characteristics
Percentages have no dimension, making them 
dimensionless numbers. They can be represented in 
decimal form (0.6%, 0.25%) and are commonly used in 
academics to calculate marks.
Percentage Formula
1
Basic Formula
T o determine the 
percentage, we divide the 
value by the total value 
and then multiply the 
resultant by 100.
Percentage formula = 
(Value/T otal value) × 100
2
Example Calculation
For example: 2/5 × 100 = 
0.4 × 100 = 40 per cent
3
Practical Application
This formula allows us to 
express any proportion as 
a percentage, making it 
easier to compare 
different values relative 
to their totals.
How to calculate the percentage of a 
number?
Formula
T o calculate a percentage of a 
number, we use the formula:
P% of Number = X
Without the % sign: P/100 * 
Number = X
Example
Calculate 10% of 80:
10/100 * 80 = X
X = 8
Percentage Difference
T o find percentage difference 
between two values, we use:
% difference = [(|Value1 - 
Value2|)/(Original value)] x 100
Page 5


Percenta ge
Introduction
Definition
In mathematics, a 
percentage is a number 
or ratio expressed as a 
fraction of 100. The 
word per cent means 
per 100, represented by 
the symbol "%" .
Common 
Percentages
10% equals 1/10 
fraction, 20% equals u 
fraction, 25% equals ¼ 
fraction, 50% equals ½ 
fraction, 75% equals ¾ 
fraction, and 90% 
equals 9/10 fraction.
Characteristics
Percentages have no dimension, making them 
dimensionless numbers. They can be represented in 
decimal form (0.6%, 0.25%) and are commonly used in 
academics to calculate marks.
Percentage Formula
1
Basic Formula
T o determine the 
percentage, we divide the 
value by the total value 
and then multiply the 
resultant by 100.
Percentage formula = 
(Value/T otal value) × 100
2
Example Calculation
For example: 2/5 × 100 = 
0.4 × 100 = 40 per cent
3
Practical Application
This formula allows us to 
express any proportion as 
a percentage, making it 
easier to compare 
different values relative 
to their totals.
How to calculate the percentage of a 
number?
Formula
T o calculate a percentage of a 
number, we use the formula:
P% of Number = X
Without the % sign: P/100 * 
Number = X
Example
Calculate 10% of 80:
10/100 * 80 = X
X = 8
Percentage Difference
T o find percentage difference 
between two values, we use:
% difference = [(|Value1 - 
Value2|)/(Original value)] x 100
Percentage Increase and Decrease
1
Percentage Increase
The percentage increase is calculated by subtracting the 
original number from the new number, dividing by the original 
number, and multiplying by 100.
% increase = [(New number 3 Original number)/Original 
number] x 100
2
Increase Formula
Where increase in number = New number 3 original number
3
Percentage Decrease
Similarly, percentage decrease equals the original number 
minus the new number, divided by the original number and 
multiplied by 100.
% decrease = [(Original number 3 New number)/Original 
number] x 100
4
Decrease Formula
Where decrease in number = Original number 3 new number
Note: If the result is negative, it indicates a percentage 
decrease.