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GEOGRAPHY 
CRASH COURSE
CAPSTONE IAS LEARNING
Page 2


GEOGRAPHY 
CRASH COURSE
CAPSTONE IAS LEARNING
Tsunami
• Tsunami is a Japanese word for “Harbour wave”. A 
tsunami is a series of very long-wavelength waves in 
large water bodies like seas or large lakes caused by a 
major disturbance above or below the water surface or due 
to the displacement of a large volume of water.
• Earthquakes (e.g. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami), volcanic 
eruptions (e.g. tsunami caused by the violent eruption of 
Krakatoa in 1883), landslides (tsunami caused by the 
collapse of a section of Anak Krakatoa in 2018), underwater 
explosions, meteorite impacts, etc. have the potential to 
generate a tsunami.
Page 3


GEOGRAPHY 
CRASH COURSE
CAPSTONE IAS LEARNING
Tsunami
• Tsunami is a Japanese word for “Harbour wave”. A 
tsunami is a series of very long-wavelength waves in 
large water bodies like seas or large lakes caused by a 
major disturbance above or below the water surface or due 
to the displacement of a large volume of water.
• Earthquakes (e.g. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami), volcanic 
eruptions (e.g. tsunami caused by the violent eruption of 
Krakatoa in 1883), landslides (tsunami caused by the 
collapse of a section of Anak Krakatoa in 2018), underwater 
explosions, meteorite impacts, etc. have the potential to 
generate a tsunami.
• Tsunamis are a series of waves of very, very long 
wavelengths
• They travel at high speeds in deep waters, and 
their speed falls when they hit shallow waters.
• Tsunami waves are not noticed by ships far out at 
sea.
• The rate of energy loss of a wave is inversely related to 
its wavelength. So, tsunamis lose little energy as they 
propagate because of their very large wavelength.
Page 4


GEOGRAPHY 
CRASH COURSE
CAPSTONE IAS LEARNING
Tsunami
• Tsunami is a Japanese word for “Harbour wave”. A 
tsunami is a series of very long-wavelength waves in 
large water bodies like seas or large lakes caused by a 
major disturbance above or below the water surface or due 
to the displacement of a large volume of water.
• Earthquakes (e.g. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami), volcanic 
eruptions (e.g. tsunami caused by the violent eruption of 
Krakatoa in 1883), landslides (tsunami caused by the 
collapse of a section of Anak Krakatoa in 2018), underwater 
explosions, meteorite impacts, etc. have the potential to 
generate a tsunami.
• Tsunamis are a series of waves of very, very long 
wavelengths
• They travel at high speeds in deep waters, and 
their speed falls when they hit shallow waters.
• Tsunami waves are not noticed by ships far out at 
sea.
• The rate of energy loss of a wave is inversely related to 
its wavelength. So, tsunamis lose little energy as they 
propagate because of their very large wavelength.
Mechanism of Tsunami Waves
Page 5


GEOGRAPHY 
CRASH COURSE
CAPSTONE IAS LEARNING
Tsunami
• Tsunami is a Japanese word for “Harbour wave”. A 
tsunami is a series of very long-wavelength waves in 
large water bodies like seas or large lakes caused by a 
major disturbance above or below the water surface or due 
to the displacement of a large volume of water.
• Earthquakes (e.g. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami), volcanic 
eruptions (e.g. tsunami caused by the violent eruption of 
Krakatoa in 1883), landslides (tsunami caused by the 
collapse of a section of Anak Krakatoa in 2018), underwater 
explosions, meteorite impacts, etc. have the potential to 
generate a tsunami.
• Tsunamis are a series of waves of very, very long 
wavelengths
• They travel at high speeds in deep waters, and 
their speed falls when they hit shallow waters.
• Tsunami waves are not noticed by ships far out at 
sea.
• The rate of energy loss of a wave is inversely related to 
its wavelength. So, tsunamis lose little energy as they 
propagate because of their very large wavelength.
Mechanism of Tsunami Waves
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FAQs on PPT: Tsunami - Geography for UPSC CSE

1. What is a tsunami?
Ans. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused by a large displacement of water, usually resulting from an underwater earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide.
2. How fast can a tsunami travel?
Ans. Tsunamis can travel at speeds of up to 500 miles per hour (800 kilometers per hour) in deep ocean waters, but they slow down significantly as they reach shallow coastal areas.
3. What are the warning signs of a tsunami?
Ans. Some warning signs of an impending tsunami include a noticeable rapid rise or fall in coastal water levels, unusual ocean behavior such as strong currents or a sudden withdrawal of water from the shoreline, and the sound of a loud and prolonged roar coming from the sea.
4. How can we prepare for a tsunami?
Ans. To prepare for a tsunami, it is important to create an emergency plan, identify evacuation routes, and assemble an emergency supply kit. It is also crucial to stay informed through local authorities and pay attention to tsunami warnings and evacuation orders.
5. Can tsunamis be predicted accurately?
Ans. While scientists can monitor earthquake activity and ocean behavior to issue tsunami warnings, accurately predicting the exact size and impact of a tsunami is challenging. Tsunamis can vary greatly in size and intensity, making it difficult to provide precise predictions. However, continuous advancements in technology and research are improving our understanding and ability to forecast tsunamis more accurately.
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