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Components of Variation
Amount of variation is measured and expressed as variance. Variance is calculated as the mean of the squared values when expressed as deviations from the population mean.
Variance is partitioned into different components corresponding to specific values:
- Phenotypic variance (Vo): Variance of phenotypic values.
- Genotypic variance (VA): Variance of genotypic values.
- Additive variance (V2): Variance of breeding values.
- Dominance variance (V1): Variance of dominance deviations.
- Interaction variance: Variance of interaction deviations.
- Environmental variance: Variance of environmental deviations.
Total variance (Vp) is the sum of these separate components:
- Vp = V1 + V2
- Vp = V1 + VA + V2 + Vo
Components as Proportion of the Total:
- Partitioning variance into components helps in determining the relative importance of different factors influencing phenotype, such as heredity and environment.
- Estimating the role of heredity versus environment is crucial in understanding the determinants of phenotype.
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Heritability and Genetic Variation
Definition of IAS (M) Variation:- Variation due to a specific source as a proportion of the total phenotypic variance.
- Heritability indicates the relative importance of genetics in determining phenotypic values.
- Hereditary can refer to being determined by genotype or transmitted from parents to offspring.
- The extent of heredity might differ based on whether it pertains to genotypic values or breeding values.
- VVg expresses how much individual phenotypes are determined by genotypes.
- VVa indicates the extent to which phenotypes are influenced by genes passed down from parents.
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FAQs on Partitioning of Variation - Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Optional for UPSC
| 1. What is the significance of partitioning of genetic variation in understanding heritability? |  |
| 2. How is heritability calculated and interpreted in the context of genetic variation? | |
Ans. Heritability is calculated as the ratio of genetic variation to total phenotypic variation. A high heritability value suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in determining the trait's expression.
| 3. What is the difference between heredity and heritability in the context of genetic variation? | |
Ans. Heredity refers to the passing down of traits from parents to offspring, while heritability specifically quantifies the extent to which genetic factors contribute to the variation in a trait within a population.
| 4. How can understanding the ratio of genetic variation help in studying the inheritance of complex traits? | |
Ans. By determining the proportion of genetic variation in a trait, researchers can better understand the genetic basis of complex traits and predict the likelihood of these traits being passed on to future generations.
| 5. Why is it important to interpret heritability values in the context of partitioning genetic variation? | |
Ans. Interpreting heritability values in the context of genetic variation allows us to differentiate between genetic and environmental influences on a trait, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying trait inheritance.
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Apr 26, 2025
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