Passage Based Questions: Quantitative Aptitude - 1 | Passage Based Questions for CLAT Preparation PDF Download
Passage 1
Automobiles are the most preferred mode of transport because they allow us to cover large distance quickly. resultantly, vehicles have been developed that run on diesel, petrol and even on electricity, which is a remarkable innovative development. during a survey about the percentage wise distribution of cars in four different states, the information regarding ratio between the diesel engine cars, petrol engine cars and electric cars was collected. total number of cars for which data was collected was 8000. Of these, State 1 had 15% of the total cars in the ratio of 3:4:1 (diesel, petrol and electric); State 2 had 20% of the total cars in the ratio of 5:3:2 (diesel, petrol and electric); State 3 had 30% of the total cars in the ratio of 4:5:3 (diesel, petrol and electric), and; State 4 had 35% of the total cars in the ratio of 7:5:2 (diesel, petrol and electric).
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
Q1: If 45% of the electric cars in State 4 are air-conditioned (AC) and the remaining are non-AC, what is the number of non-AC cars?
(a) 380
(b) 240
(c) 220
(d) 180
View AnswerAns: (c)
Sol: Electric cars in State 4 = 400.
45% of electric cars in State 4 are AC cars = 0.45 × 400 = 180.
Remaining non-AC cars = 400 − 180 = 220.
The Correct Answer is option (C): 220
Q2: Number of petrol cars in State 2 is how much percentage more than the number of diesel cars in State 1?
(a) 4.67%
(b) 9.23%
(c) 3.33%
(d) 6.67%
View AnswerAns: (d)
Sol: Petrol cars in State 2 = 3/10 ×1600 = 480.
Diesel cars in State 1 = 3/8 ×1200 = 450.
Percentage more = 480−450/450 × 100 = 6.67%.
The Correct Answer is option (D): 6.67%
Q3: What is the ratio of diesel cars in State 4 to electric cars in State 3?
(a) 7:3
(b) 3:7
(c) 7:4
(d) 4:7
View AnswerAns: (a)
Sol: Total number of cars in State 4 = 35% of 8000 = 2800.
Ratio of diesel, petrol, and electric cars in State 4 = 7:5:2.
Diesel cars in State 4 = 7/14 × 2800 = 1400.
Total number of cars in State 3 = 30% of 8000 = 2400.
Ratio of diesel, petrol, and electric cars in State 3 = 4:5:3.
Electric cars in State 3 = 3/12 × 2400 = 600.
Thus, the ratio of diesel cars in State 4 to electric cars in State 3 = 1400:600 = 7 : 3.
The Correct Answer is option (A): 7:3
Q4: Compute the percentage of total electric cars to total cars in all the States.
(a) 19.37%
(b) 18.37%
(c) 18.73%
(d) 19.57%
View AnswerAns: (b)
Sol: Total number of electric cars in State 1 = 1/8 × 1200 = 150.
Total number of electric cars in State 2 = 2/10 × 1600 = 320.
Total number of electric cars in State 3 = 3/12 × 2400 = 600.
Total number of electric cars in State 4 = 2/14 × 2800 = 400.
Total electric cars = 150 + 320 + 600 +400 = 1470. Total number of cars = 8000.
Percentage of electric cars = 1470/8000 × 100 = 18.73%.
The Correct Answer is option (B): 18.37%
Q5: What is the difference between the number of petrol cars in State 3 and diesel cars in State 1?
(a) 350
(b) 400
(c) 500
(d) 550
View AnswerAns: (d)
Sol: Petrol cars in State 3 = 5/12 ×2400 = 1000.
Diesel cars in State 1 = 3/8 ×1200 = 450.
Difference = 1000 − 450 = 550.
The Correct Answer is option (D): 550
Q6: What is the average number of diesel cars in all the States?
(a) 810
(b) 862.5
(c) 886
(d) 912.5
View AnswerAns: (b)
Sol: Diesel cars in State 1 = 3/8 ×1200 = 450.
Diesel cars in State 2 = 5/10 ×1600 = 800.
Diesel cars in State 3 = 4/12 × 2400 = 800.
Diesel cars in State 4 = 7/14 × 2800 = 1400.
Total number of diesel cars = 450 + 800 + 800 + 1400 = 3450.
Average number of diesel cars = 3450 4 = 862.5.
The Correct Answer is option (B): 862.5
Passage 2
A survey was conducted about the population of a particular region having working population of three lacs and information was collected about self-employed persons, casual wage workers, regular salaries employees of both urban and rural areas of the region. Self-employment is a key source of income in both rural and urban areas but it is more prevalent in rural areas (56% of the rural population) than in urban areas (40% of the urban population). rural population was 48% of the total population. regular salaried workers in urban areas were 48% of the urban population whereas in rural areas, regular salaried workers constituted 12% of the rural population. during the survey, the casual wage workers were found to be more common in rural areas than in urban areas. Casual wage workers in rural areas were 32% of the rural population whereas it was 12% of the urban population in urban areas.Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
Q7: By what percentage is the number of self-employed workers in rural areas more than the number of self-employed workers in urban areas?
(a) 29.23%
(b) 33.24%
(c) 35.01%
(d) 34.32%
View AnswerAns: (a)
Sol: Total Working Population=300,000
Rural and Urban Populations
Rural Population =48% of 300,000 =0.48 x 300,000 = 144,000
Urban Population=52% of 300,000 = 0.52 x 300,000 = 156,000
Self-Employed Workers
In rural areas: 56% of the rural population = 0.56 x 144,000 = 80,640
In urban areas: 40% of the urban population = 0.40 x 156,000 = 62,400
Difference in the Number of Self-Employed Worker = 80,640 - 62,400 = 18,240
Percentage Difference ={Difference}/{Self-employed in urban areas}x100
Percentage Difference ={18,240}/{62,400}x100=approx 29.23
The Correct Answer is option (A): 29.23
Q8: What is the ratio of urban and rural working population?
(a) 12:13
(b) 11:12
(c) 13:12
(d) 03:08
View AnswerAns: (c)
Sol: Urban working population = 52% of 3,00,000 = 156,000.
Rural working population = 48% of 3,00,000 = 144,000.
Ratio of urban to rural working population = 156000/144000 = 13 : 12.
The Correct Answer is option (C): 13:12
Q9: If the urban population of the region increased from 52% to 56% and the percentage of self-employed in the urban region remains the same, then the number of self-employed people in urban areas is:
(a) 66,840
(b) 68,640
(c) 62,700
(d) 67,200
View AnswerAns: (d)
Sol: Total working population = 3,00,000.
Urban population after increase = 56% of 3,00,000 = 168,000.
Self-employed in urban areas = 40% of urban population = 40% ×168000 = 67200.
Thus, the number of self-employed people in urban areas is 67200
The Correct Answer is option (D): 67200
Q10: What is the total number of regular salaried employees in the region?
(a) 90,216
(b) 91,260
(c) 92,160
(d) 96,210
View AnswerAns: (c)
Sol: Regular salaried workers in urban areas = 48% of urban population = 48% × 168, 000 = 80, 640.
Regular salaried workers in rural areas = 12% of rural population = 12%×1, 44, 000 = 17, 280.
Total regular salaried workers = 80, 640 + 17, 280 = 92, 160.
The Correct Answer is option (C): 92160
Q11: What is the percentage of regular salaried employees in rural areas corresponding to the number of casual wage workers in urban areas?
(a) 72.3%
(b) 79.8%
(c) 88.7%
(d) 92.3%
View AnswerAns: (c)
Sol: Casual wage workers in urban areas = 12% of urban population = 12% × 168, 000 = 20, 160.
Regular salaried workers in rural areas = 12% of rural population = 12% × 1, 44, 000 = 17, 280.
Percentage of regular salaried employees in rural areas compared to casual wage workers in urban areas = 17,280/20,160 × 100 = 92.3%.
The Correct Answer is option (D): 92.3%
Q12: If 60% of the total working population of the region were self-employed in rural areas and 40% of the total working population were self-employed in urban areas, what is the ratio of rural self-employed to urban self-employed?
(a) 2:3
(b) 3:2
(c) 13:18
(d) 18:13
View AnswerAns: (b)
Sol: Total self-employed in rural areas = 60% of 3,00,000 = 1,80,000.
Total self-employed in urban areas = 40% of 3,00,000 = 1,20,000.
Ratio of rural self-employed to urban self-employed = 180000/120000 = 3 : 2
The Correct Answer is option (B):3:2
Passage 3
The findings of Oxfam India’s latest ‘India Discrimination Report 2022’ indicate that there is a significant gap in the earnings between men and women in the case of regular and self employment in urban areas. The lower wages for salaried women are due to 67 percent of discrimination and 33 percent due to lack of education and work experience. The average earning is Rs. 16,000 for men and merely Rs. 6,600 for women in urban areas in self-employment. The average earning of men is Rs. 19,800 as against Rs. 15,600 for women in regular/salaried employment in urban areas. Also, in urban areas the average earnings of men ( Rs. 9,000) are significantly higher than women (Rs. 5,700) even in casual employment. Apart from women, historically oppressed communities along with religious minorities also continue to face discrimination in accessing jobs, livelihoods, and agricultural credit. The mean income for Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes (“SC/ST”) persons in urban areas who are in regular employment is Rs. 15,300 as against Rs. 20,300 for persons belonging to the non-SC/ST category. The average earning of self-employed workers is Rs. 15,900 for non-SC/STs and Rs. 10,500 for SC/STs. The average monthly earning for the SC/ST workers in casual work is Rs. 8,000 below the corresponding figure of Rs. 8,600 for the non-SC/ST.
[Data Source: Oxfam India]
[Note: Values have been approximated to the nearest hundred]
Q13: Choose the correct option:
(a) Women’s average earnings in urban areas in casual work is 30% lower than that of men
(b) Men’s average earning in urban areas in self-employment is nearly 2.5 times that of earnings of women
(c) In casual work, women earn more in rural areas than in urban areas
(d) The difference in earnings of men and women in regular/salaried employment in urban areas is Rs. 3,500
View AnswerAns: (b)
Sol: The correct option is (B): Men’s average earning in urban areas in self-employment is nearly 2.5 times that of earnings of women.
Q14: Of the regular employed in urban areas, the earnings of a non -SC/ST worker is what percent more than a SC/ST worker?
(a) Between 20% and 25%
(b) Less than 15%
(c) Between 30% and 35%
(d) More than 35%
View AnswerAns: (c)
Q15: Of those in casual employment, if a man’s average earnings was deposited at a rate of 16% simple interest for 20 years, in how many years at the same rate of simple interest a SC/ST worker must deposit their average earnings to earn the same amount as a man in 20 years?
(a) 24 years
(b) 22.5 years
(c) 21 years
(d) 23.2 years
View AnswerAns: (d)
Q16: The findings also indicate discrimination as a driving factor behind low Women’s Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in the country. As per the Union Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI), LFPR for women in India was only 25.1 percent in 2020-21 for urban and rural women. This is considerably lower than South Africa where the LFPR for women is 46 percent in 2021 as per the latest World Bank estimates. The LFPR for women in India has rapidly declined from 42.7 percent in 2004-05 to mere 25.1 percent in 2020-2021 showing the withdrawal of women from the workforce despite rapid economic growth during the same period. In 2019-20, 60 percent of all males aged 15 years and more have regular salaried and self-employed jobs while 19 percent of all similarly aged females get regular and self-employment. Use the additional data in the passage above to answer this and the next question. If the number of women in India in 2020-2021 is 670 million which is 24% more than in 2004-2005, what is the difference in the number of women in LFPR 2004-05 and 2021?
(a) Less than 5 crores
(b) Between 6 and 8 crores
(c) Between 10 and 12 crores
(d) More than 15 crores
View AnswerAns: (b)
Q17: In 2019-20, if the number of males aged 15 years and more is 76% of the total male population and the number of females aged 15 years and more is 72% of the total female population and the total male population is 1.05 times the total female population, what is the ratio of females to males aged 15 years and more that have regular salaried and self-employed jobs?
(a) 2 : 7
(b) 3 : 10
(c) 5 : 9
(d) 1 : 3
View AnswerAns: (a)
Passage 4
World fruit production went up 54 percent between 2000 and 2019, to 883 million tonnes. Five fruit species accounted for 57 percent of the total production in 2019, down from 63 percent in 2000. Use the data in the passage to answer the following questions.
[Data source: fao]
Q18: What was the world fruit production in 2000?
(a) 474 million tonnes
(b) 517 million tonnes
(c) 573 million tonnes
(d) 406 million tonnes
View AnswerAns: (c)
Q19: Of the five fruit species mentioned in the passage above, the share of bananas and plantains increased by 1 percentage point between 2000 and 2019, watermelons in 2019 was 6 percentage points lower than bananas and plantains in 2000, apples remained stable at 10% , and the percentage share of oranges and grapes reduced to half of bananas in 2019 . What was the percentage of bananas and plantains in 2019?
(a) 17%
(b) 18%
(c) 16%
(d) 21%
View AnswerAns: (b)
Q20: Of the watermelons in 2000, one-eighth perished, one-fifth of the remaining was sold to be juiced and 30% of the remaining was exported. If the percentage share of oranges in 2000 was equal to the percentage share of watermelons in 2019, how many watermelons were retained for home sale and consumption?
(a) 39.2 million tonnes
(b) 1.6 million tonnes
(c) 16.8 million tonnes
(d) 2.7 million tones
View AnswerAns: (a)
Q21: Assume that all grapes and apples were sold through a single organisation in 2000. Grapes and apples were sold to 4 different customers such that a certain quantity of apples were sold to the first customer, same number of apples were sold to the second customer as to the first and a certain number of grapes were sold to that customer after which apples were over. Twice the quantity of grapes sold to the second was sold to the third customer and twice the quantity sold to the third was sold to the fourth customer. The total quantity of grapes is equal to the total quantity of apples sold and the remaining grapes were stored. How many grapes were sold to each customer?
(a) 19.1 million tonnes
(b) 8.2 million tonnes
(c) 28.6 million tonnes
(d) 9.4 million tonnes
View AnswerAns: (c)
Q22: Frutopia and Fruitfix both sold oranges at the same selling price. However, Frutopia gave customers a 15% discount on the marked price whereas Fruitfix sold the oranges for a discount of 20% on the marked price. If the marked price of oranges on Frutopia is ' 75/kg, what is the marked price of oranges on Fruitfix?
(a) Rs. 78
(b) Rs. 82
(c) Rs. 90
(d) Rs. 80
View AnswerAns: (d)
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