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Scientific Policy Resolution 1958

• To foster, promote and sustain the cultivation of science and scientific research in all its aspects - pure, applied and educational.
• To ensure an adequate supply of research scientists of the highest quality and to recognise their work as an important component of the strength of the nation.
• To encourage and initiate programmes for the training of scientific and technical personnel, on a scale adequate to fulfil the country’s needs in science and education, agriculture,  industry and defence.
• To ensure that the creative talent of men and women is encouraged and finds full scope in scientific activity.
• To ensure individual initiative for the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge and for discovery of new knowledge in an atmosphere of academic freedom.
• In general to secure for the people of the country all the benefits that can accrue from acquisition and application of knowledge.

Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2013 

(ii) Changing Phases of National Policies in S&T
India's Scientific Policy Resolution (SPR) of 1958 resolved to "foster, promote and sustain" the "cultivation of science and scientific research in all its aspects". Technology was then expected to flow from the country's established science infrastructure. The Technology Policy Statement (TPS) of 1983 emphasized the need to attain technological competence and self-reliance. The Science and Technology Policy (STP) of 2003 brought science and technology (S&T) together and emphasized the need for investment in R&D. It called for integrating programmes of socio-economic sectors with the national R&D system to address national problems as well as creating a national innovation system. 

(iii) The Need for a Science, Technology and Innovation Policy
Scientific research utilizes money to generate knowledge and, by providing solutions, innovation converts knowledge into wealth and/or value. Innovation thus implies S&T-based solutions that are successfully deployed in the economy or the society. It has assumed centre stage in the developmental goals of nations. Paradigms of innovation have become country and context specific. India has, hitherto not accorded due importance to innovation as an instrument of policy. The national S&T enterprise must now embrace S&T led innovation as a driver for development.
India has declared 2010-20 as the "Decade of Innovation". The Government has stressed the need to enunciate a policy to synergize science, technology and innovation and has also established the National Innovation Council (NInC). The STI Policy 2013 is in furtherance of these pronouncements. It aims to bring fresh perspectives to bear on innovation in the Indian context.

(iv) STI Policy: A New Paradigm
Science, technology and innovation can exist separately on their own in disconnected spaces. But. it is their integration that leads to new value creation. India's global competitiveness will be determined by the extent to which the STI enterprise contributes social good and/or economic wealth. There is, therefore, the need to create the necessary framework for enabling this integration in identified priority areas by exploiting endogenous resources, strengths and capacities. New structural mechanisms and models are needed to address the pressing challenges of energy and environment, food and nutrition, water and sanitation, habitat, affordable health care and skill building and unemployment. "Science technology and innovation for the people" is the new paradigm of the Indian STI enterprise. The national STI system must, therefore, recognize the Indian society as its major stake holder. Global innovation systems tend to bypass large sections of the community. Innovation for inclusive growth implies ensuring access, availability and affordability of solutions to as large a population as possible. Innovation, therefore, must be inclusive. The instruments of the STI policy will enable this to be realized. The policy will drive both investment in science and investment of science-led technology and innovation in select areas of socio-economic importance. Emphasis will be to bridge the gaps between the STI system and the socio-economic sectors by developing a symbiotic relationship with economic and other policies.