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Preposition - 1 - English Grammar Basic - Class 10

A Preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relation the person or thing denoted by it stand in regard to something else.
As,

There is someone in the room.
                                     ↓
                                 preposition
    She is fond of honey.
                        ↓
                    preposition
    The horse jumped off the wall.
                                      ↓
                                preposition

Kinds of Preposition

Preposition are of different kinds.
(1) Simple Preposition

Simple Preposition include at, by, for, from, in, on, of, off, to, through, up, with, out, till etc.
Of these, at, by, with, in and on are used after verbs indicating rest in a place.

As,
Moni is at Darjeeling.
I sat by John.
I was in the garden.
The keys were with me.
The book was on the table.
To, from, of, through and up are used after verbs indicating motion.

As,
I went to London.
Tom came from his house.
You came of a high family.
We went through the field.
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
Let us start for school.

(2) Compound Prepositions

Compound Prepositions include above, across, along, amidst, around, about, among, amongst, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, into, inside, outside, undereath, within, without etc.

Compound Prepositions are generally formed by prefixing preposition to a Noun, Adjective or an Adverb.

As,
above = on + by + up
across = on + cross
into = in + to

(3) Participial Prepositions

Participial Prepositions include barring, concerning, considering, during, expecting, judging, notwithstanding, regarding, respecting etc., are the present participles of verbs. These participles have acquired the character of prepositions, no longer needing the prop of a noun to cling to.
As,

Barring accident, the mail will arrive in time.
    ↓
expecting,
apart from.
Concerning yesterday's murder, many persons were arrested.      
     ↓                                                                  
about
Considering the quality, the price is too high.
     ↓
taking into account
Notwithstanding the resistance offered by him, he was arrested.
   ↓                                                 
in spite of
Touching this matter, I have not as yet made up my mind.
           ↓                                                                     
with regard to

(4) Double Preposition

Double Prepositions include from behind, from beyond, from within etc., where, often two prepositions are used with the same object.

As,
The mischief was done from behind the screen.
The news came from beyond the Atlantic.
Somebody shouted from within the room.

(5) Disguised Prepositions

Disguised Prepositions include ahunting, ashore (a = on), o'clock (o' = of), once a week, two rupees a day (a = on)

As,
We jumped overboard at 3 o' clock and swam ashore.

(6) Detached Prepositions

Detached Prepositions are those which are far removed from their objects.

As,
Whom did you speak to?

(7) Phrasal Prepositions

Phrasal Prepositions or Phrase Prepositions are the groups of words which are used with the force of a single preposition.

As,
Jack succeeded by means of hard labour.
                                   ↓
                                 by
James failed on account of his negligence.
                                ↓
                              for

The object to a Preposition may also be a Descriptive adverb, an Adverbial phrase or a Noun clause.

(a) Adverbs as objects to a Preposition
John is by far the best boy of his class.
He will have reached home by then.
Much might happen between now and then.
He left at once to come back before now.
From here to there is a long distance.

(b) Adverbial phrases as objects to a Preposition
The ship suddenly came to view from beyond the horizon.
He did not reach till long after midnight.

(c) Noun clauses as objects to a Preposition
He informed me of what had happened there.
It depends on whether you can go or not.

A list of Phrasal Preposition

according toagreeably to
along withaway from
because ofby dint of
by means ofby reason of
by virtue ofby way of
conformably tofor the sake of
in accordance within addition to
in (on) behalf ofin case of
in comparison toincompliance with
in consequence within consequence of
in course ofin favour of
in front ofin lieu of
in order toin place of
in reference toin regard to
in spite ofinstead of
in the event ofon account of
owing towith a view to
with an eye towith regard to
with reference to

 

Several words are used sometimes as Adverbs and sometimes as Prepositions. A word is a preposition, when it governs a noun or pronoun and it is an adverb, when it does not.

As,

Adverb :Go and run about.
Preposition :Don't loiter about the street.
Adverb :He could not do before.
Preposition :I came the day before yesterday.
Adverb :Has he come in?
Preposition :Is he in his room?
Adverb :The wheel came off.
Preposition :The driver jumped off the cabin.
Adverb :Let us move on.
Preposition :The pen lies on the table.
Adverb :His brother arrived soon after.
Preposition :After a month he returned.
Adverb :Take his parcel over to the post-office.
Preposition :The king rules over a vast empire.
Adverb :I have not seen him since.
Preposition :I have not slept since day before yesterday.
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FAQs on Preposition - 1 - English Grammar Basic - Class 10

1. What is the purpose of a preposition?
Ans. A preposition is a word that shows a relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. It is used to indicate location, time, direction, manner, or to introduce an object of a verb or a prepositional phrase.
2. Can a sentence have more than one preposition?
Ans. Yes, a sentence can have more than one preposition. In fact, it is quite common for a sentence to contain multiple prepositions, especially when describing complex relationships between different elements of the sentence.
3. How do prepositions help in constructing meaningful sentences?
Ans. Prepositions play a crucial role in constructing meaningful sentences by indicating the relationship between different parts of speech. They provide additional information about location, time, direction, manner, or introduce an object, thus adding clarity and specificity to the sentence.
4. What are some commonly used prepositions in the English language?
Ans. Some commonly used prepositions in the English language include "in," "on," "at," "by," "with," "from," "to," "for," "between," "among," "over," and "under." These prepositions are used to express various relationships and are essential for effective communication.
5. Can prepositions change the meaning of a sentence?
Ans. Yes, prepositions can significantly impact the meaning of a sentence. Different prepositions can alter the relationship between words and modify the overall interpretation of the sentence. Choosing the appropriate preposition is important to convey the intended meaning accurately.
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