NEET Exam  >  NEET Notes  >  Biology Class 12  >  NEET Previous Year Questions (2016-2024): Reproduction in Organisms (Old NCERT)

Reproduction in Organisms 1 - From Past 28 Years Questions NEET Notes | EduRev

Q1: Identify the asexual reproductive structure associated with Penicillium.    [ NEET 2022]

(a) Buds

(b) Zoospores

(c) Conidia

(d) Gemmules

Ans. (c)
Reproduction in Organisms 1 - From Past 28 Years Questions NEET Notes | EduRev

The asexual reproductive structure associated with Penicillium is conidia.

  • Penicillium is a fungus that reproduces both sexually and asexually. The asexual mode of reproduction in Penicillium involves the production of conidia, which are a type of spore. Conidia are produced on specialized structures called conidiophores, and they are dispersed by wind, water, or other means.
  • Buds are a form of asexual reproduction seen in some animals and plants, where a new individual develops as an outgrowth from the parent. 
  • Zoospores are motile spores that are found in some algae, fungi, and protozoa. 
  • Gemmules are a type of asexual reproductive structure found in some sponges, where a cluster of cells form a resistant capsule that can grow into a new individual under favorable conditions.

Note: In 2023, there were no questions asked from this chapter.

Q2: Which of the following plants is monoecious?     [ NEET 2021]
(a) Marchantia polymorpha
(b) Cycas circinalis
(c) Carica papaya
(d) Chara
Ans. 
(d)

Reproduction in Organisms 1 - From Past 28 Years Questions NEET Notes | EduRev

  • The plant that is monoecious among the given options is Chara, which is a member of the Charophyta division of algae.
  • Chara is an alga with monoecious condition. It has male sex organ antheridium and female sex organ oogonium at the same node.
  • Marchantia polymorpha, on the other hand, is a liverwort that is dioecious, meaning it has separate male and female plants. 
  • Cycas circinalis is a gymnosperm that is also dioecious, with separate male and female trees.
  • Carica papaya is a flowering plant that is monoecious but has separate male and female flowers on the same plant.


Q3: Vegetative propagule in Agave is as:     [ NEET 2020]
(a) Rhizome
(b) Bulbil
(c) Offset
(d) Eye
Ans. 
(b)

Reproduction in Organisms 1 - From Past 28 Years Questions NEET Notes | EduRev

A bulbil, which is a type of vegetative propagule found in the Agave plant. Bulbils in Agave are floral buds that have been altered and grow on the flowering axis. These bulbils remain connected to the floral axis and eventually sprout into new plants. Therefore, the accurate response is 'Bulbil'.


Q4: In some plants, the female gamete develops into embryo without fertilisation. This phenomenon known as     [ NEET 2019]
(a) Parthenogenesis
(b) Autogamy
(c) Parthenocarpy
(d) Syngamy

Ans. (a)

  • Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction that occurs in certain organisms such as some insects, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. 
  • In this process, the female produces an egg that undergoes mitosis to form an embryo without fertilization by a male gamete. 
  • The offspring produced through parthenogenesis are clones of their mother and are genetically identical to her.


Q5: Offsets are produced by    [ NEET 2018]
(a) Meiotic divisions
(b) Mitotic divisions
(c) Parthenocarpy
(d) Parthenogenesis

Ans. (b)

  • Offset is a vegetative part of a plant formed by mitosis. Reproduction in Organisms 1 - From Past 28 Years Questions NEET Notes | EduRev
  • Meiotic division occurs in reproductive organs during formation of gametes. 
  • Parthenogenesis is the formation of embryo from ovum or egg without fertilisation. 
  • Parthenocarpy is the fruit formed without fertilisation.


Q6: Which of the following flowers only once in its lifetime?    [ NEET 2018]
(a) Bamboo Species
(b) Jackfruit
(c) Mango
(d) Papaya

Ans. (a)

Certain bamboo species are monocarpic, i.e., flower generally only once in their lifetime (after 50-100 years). Other plants (jackfruit, mango and papaya) are polycarpic, i.e., produce flowers and its many times during their lifetime.


Q7: Which one of the following statements is not correct?    [NEET 2016]
(a) Offspring produced by the asexual reproduction are called clone.
(b) Microscopic, motile, asexual reproductive structures are called zoospores.
(c) In potato, banana and ginger, the plantlets arise from the internodes present in the modified stem.
(d) Water hyacinth, growing in the standing water, drains oxygen from water that leads to the death of fishes.

Ans. (c)

The statement that is not correct is option (c), which states that in potato, banana, and ginger, the plantlets arise from the internodes present in the modified stem.

In reality, plantlets arise from different parts in these three plants:

  • In potato, plantlets arise from the axillary buds located in the eyes of the stem tuber, which is a modified underground stem.
  • In banana, plantlets arise from the modified stem called a sucker.
  • In ginger, new buds arise from the nodal area of the horizontal, branched rhizomes.

Therefore, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (a) is correct, as offspring produced by asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent and are called clones.

Option (b) is also correct, as zoospores are a type of microscopic, motile, asexual reproductive structures found in some algae, fungi, and protozoa.

Option (d) is also correct, as water hyacinth is an invasive aquatic plant that can cause the depletion of oxygen in water bodies, leading to the death of fish and other aquatic animals.


Q8: Which one of the following generates new genetic combinations leading to variation?    [NEET 2016]
(a) Vegetative reproduction
(b) Parthenogenesis
(c) Sexual reproduction
(d) Nucellar polyembryony

Ans. (c)

  • Sexual reproduction involves formation and fusion of male and female gametes.
  • Gamete formation is accomplished through meiotic cell division which involves crossing over between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes leading to new genetic recombination in gametes.
  • Random fusion of these male and female gametes lead to the genetic variability in the offspring which although resemble their parents but also exhibit new traits of their own.


Q9: Match column I with column II and select correct option using the codes given below.    [NEET 2016]
Reproduction in Organisms 1 - From Past 28 Years Questions NEET Notes | EduRev

(a) A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(i), D-(ii)
(b) A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(iii)
(c) A-(i), B-(ii). C-(iv), D-(iii)
(d) A-(iii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(ii)

Ans. (d)

Q10: Seed formation without fertilization in flowering plants involves the process of:    [ NEET 2016]
(a) Sporulation
(b) Budding
(c) Somatic hybridization
(d) Apomixis 

Ans. (d)

Apomixis (asexual seed formation) is the result of a plant gaining the ability to bypass the most fundamental aspects of sexual reproduction: meiosis and fertilization.
Reproduction in Organisms 1 - From Past 28 Years Questions NEET Notes | EduRev

Apomixis

Without the need for male fertilization, the resulting seed germinates a plant that develops as a maternal clone.

The document Reproduction in Organisms 1 - From Past 28 Years Questions NEET Notes | EduRev is a part of the NEET Course Biology Class 12.
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FAQs on Reproduction in Organisms 1 - From Past 28 Years Questions NEET Notes - EduRev

1. What is the process of reproduction in organisms?
Ans. Reproduction in organisms is the biological process by which new individuals of the same species are produced. It involves the formation of reproductive cells (gametes), their fusion (fertilization), and the development of offspring.
2. What are the different modes of reproduction in organisms?
Ans. Organisms can reproduce in two main ways: asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes or fertilization. Examples include binary fission, budding, and spore formation. Sexual reproduction, on the other hand, involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in genetic variation among the offspring.
3. How does asexual reproduction occur in organisms?
Ans. Asexual reproduction occurs through various methods. Binary fission is common in single-celled organisms, where the parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Budding involves the formation of a bud on the parent organism, which eventually detaches and develops into a new individual. Spore formation is another method, where specialized cells called spores are produced and dispersed to develop into new individuals.
4. What is the significance of sexual reproduction in organisms?
Ans. Sexual reproduction plays a crucial role in maintaining genetic diversity within a species. It leads to the creation of offspring with unique combinations of genes, increasing their chances of survival in changing environments. It also allows for genetic recombination, where genetic material from both parents is mixed, resulting in new variations and adaptations.
5. How does fertilization occur in organisms?
Ans. Fertilization is the process of fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in the formation of a zygote. In organisms, it can occur internally or externally. In internal fertilization, the male transfers sperm directly into the female reproductive system, where it meets the egg for fertilization. In external fertilization, both male and female release their gametes into the environment, where they meet and fertilize.
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