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Questions - Molecular Basis of Inheritance Video Lecture - NEET

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1. What is the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. The molecular basis of inheritance refers to the mechanism by which genetic information is passed from one generation to the next. It involves the transfer of genetic material, primarily DNA, which carries the instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms.
2. How does DNA store genetic information?
Ans. DNA stores genetic information through its unique structure. It consists of a double helix formed by two complementary strands, with each strand made up of nucleotides. The sequence of nucleotides along the DNA molecule encodes the genetic information, similar to how letters in a language create words and sentences.
3. What is the role of genes in the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. Genes are specific segments of DNA that contain instructions for the production of proteins. These proteins play a vital role in the functioning and development of organisms. Genes are inherited from parents and passed on to offspring, contributing to the molecular basis of inheritance.
4. How does DNA replication ensure the fidelity of genetic information?
Ans. DNA replication is a process by which a cell duplicates its DNA before cell division. It ensures the fidelity of genetic information through several mechanisms. Enzymes called DNA polymerases help in the accurate replication of DNA by matching each nucleotide with its complementary base pair. Proofreading mechanisms further correct any errors that may occur during replication.
5. How does genetic variation arise in the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. Genetic variation arises through several mechanisms. One of the main sources of variation is mutations, which are changes in the DNA sequence. Mutations can occur spontaneously or due to external factors like radiation or chemicals. Additionally, genetic recombination during sexual reproduction and the shuffling of alleles contribute to genetic variation in the molecular basis of inheritance.
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