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ALCOHOLS
Molecules containing –OH group are termed as alcohols. Classification of alcohols they are classified
as primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol according to the carbon that is bonded with –OH.
Again when any molecule contain 1, 2 or 3 –OH groups then it is called mono, di or tri hydric alcohols
respectively. (as in case of alkyl halides)
OH
CH – CH
22
OH OH
CH – CH – CH
22
OH OH
CH – CH OH
32
Ethyl alcohol
(monohydric)
Ethylene glycol
(dihydric)
Glycerol
(trihydric)
GENERAL METHODS OF PREPARATION
1. From Alkenes :
(i) By Acid catalyzed hydrolysis :
CH – CH = CH + H O
2 3 2
CH – CH – CH
33
OH
HSO
24
(ii) Oxymercuration followed by demercuration :
CH – CH = CH + H O
2 3 2
Hg (OAc)
2
THF
CH – CH – CH
2 2
OH
CH – CH – CH
33
OH
NaBH
4
OH
–
Hg(OAc)
Overall result of above reaction is Markownikoff addition of water without rearrangement
(iii) Hydroboration followed by oxidation :
6CH – CH = CH
3 2
2(CH – CH – CH –) B
32 23
BH
26
HO/OH
22
 
6CH – CH – CH
3
 + 2H BO
22 33
OH
Overall result of above reaction is anti Markownikoff addition of water with no rearrangement.
(iv) Oxo process followed by hydrogenation :
CH – CH = CH + CO + H
32 2
[Co(CO) ]
42
high temperature
and high pressure
CH – CH – CH – C – H
32 2
H/Pd
2
CH – CH – CH – CH – OH
32 22
O
Product has one more carbon.
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FAQs on Quick Revision: Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers - Chemistry Class 12 - NEET

1. What are some common examples of alcohols?
Ans. Some common examples of alcohols include ethanol (found in alcoholic beverages), methanol (used as a solvent and fuel), and isopropyl alcohol (used as a disinfectant).
2. What is the difference between alcohols and phenols?
Ans. The main difference between alcohols and phenols is the presence of a hydroxyl group. Alcohols have a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a saturated carbon atom, while phenols have a hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring. Phenols are more acidic than alcohols due to the resonance stabilization of the negative charge on the oxygen atom.
3. How are ethers different from alcohols and phenols?
Ans. Ethers are organic compounds that contain an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. Unlike alcohols and phenols, ethers do not have a hydroxyl group. Ethers are generally less reactive than alcohols and phenols and are commonly used as solvents.
4. How do alcohols, phenols, and ethers differ in terms of their uses?
Ans. Alcohols have a wide range of uses, including as solvents, disinfectants, and fuels. Phenols are commonly used as antiseptics and in the production of plastics. Ethers are primarily used as solvents and as intermediates in organic synthesis.
5. What are the physical properties of alcohols, phenols, and ethers?
Ans. Alcohols and phenols are polar compounds due to the presence of the hydroxyl group, which results in hydrogen bonding between molecules. This leads to higher boiling points and solubility in water. Ethers, on the other hand, are less polar and have lower boiling points and lower solubility in water compared to alcohols and phenols.
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