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Dalton’s Atomic Theory |
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Thomson’s Atomic Model |
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Rutherford’s Atomic Model |
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All elements are consists of very small invisible particles, called atoms. Atoms of same element are exactly same and atoms of different element are different.
Every atom is uniformly positive charged sphere of radius of the order of 10-10 m, in which entire mass is uniformly distributed and negative charged electrons are embedded randomly. The atom as a whole is neutral.Thomson's atomic model
On the basis of this experiment, Rutherford made following observations:
ro = 1 / 4π εo . 2Ze2 / Ek
where, Ek = kinetic energy of the cc-particle.
The perpendicular distance of the velocity vector of a-particle from the central line of the nucleus, when the particle is far away from the nucleus is called impact parameter.
Impact parameter
where, Z = atomic number of the nucleus, Ek = kinetic energy of the c-particle and θ = angle of scattering.
where, N(θ) =number of c-particles, Ni = total number of α-particles reach the screen. n = number of atoms per unit volume in the foil, Z = atoms number, E = kinetic energy of the alpha particles and t = foil thickness
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